1.09 MB / 64 pages
... insoluble in water, but relatively soluble in nonpolar solvents like the fats in our body. Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin. Vitamin C has three polar alcohol groups that can H bond with water as well as two other oxygen atoms with nonbonding electrons that can also donate electron pairs to H bond ...
... insoluble in water, but relatively soluble in nonpolar solvents like the fats in our body. Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin. Vitamin C has three polar alcohol groups that can H bond with water as well as two other oxygen atoms with nonbonding electrons that can also donate electron pairs to H bond ...
Solving General Chemistry Problems 5e
... Number Notations, Arithmetical Operations, and Calculators ...
... Number Notations, Arithmetical Operations, and Calculators ...
Part 2-ICHO-26-30
... 1.5 In a saturated aqueous solution of CaCO3(s) pH is measured to be 9.95. Calculate the solubility of calcium carbonate in water and show that the calculated value for the solubility product constant Ksp is 5×10 . ...
... 1.5 In a saturated aqueous solution of CaCO3(s) pH is measured to be 9.95. Calculate the solubility of calcium carbonate in water and show that the calculated value for the solubility product constant Ksp is 5×10 . ...
AP Chemistry Unit 7- Homework Problems Equilibrium and Ksp
... n = PV/RT = (1.2 atm)(2.5 L)/[(0.0821)(500 K)] n = 0.0731 moles NH3 so there must have been the same moles of NH4HS that broke up (0.0731 mol)(51.1 g/mol) = 3.735 g broke up so: 100 g – 3.735 g = 96.265 g remain ...
... n = PV/RT = (1.2 atm)(2.5 L)/[(0.0821)(500 K)] n = 0.0731 moles NH3 so there must have been the same moles of NH4HS that broke up (0.0731 mol)(51.1 g/mol) = 3.735 g broke up so: 100 g – 3.735 g = 96.265 g remain ...
Stoichiometry
... 6.0221x1023 = NA is Avogadro's number. A mole is used to indicate a number of atoms just as a dozen is used to indicate a number of eggs. Converting from moles to atoms is done the same as converting dozens to items. 1.5 doz = (1.5 doz)(12 items.doz-1) = 18 items and 1.5 mol = (1.5 mol)( 6.0x1023 at ...
... 6.0221x1023 = NA is Avogadro's number. A mole is used to indicate a number of atoms just as a dozen is used to indicate a number of eggs. Converting from moles to atoms is done the same as converting dozens to items. 1.5 doz = (1.5 doz)(12 items.doz-1) = 18 items and 1.5 mol = (1.5 mol)( 6.0x1023 at ...
Complete Solution Manual
... a. Cathode: The electrode at which reduction occurs. b. Anode: The electrode at which oxidation occurs. c. Oxidation half-reaction: The half-reaction in which electrons are products. In a galvanic cell, the oxidation half-reaction always occurs at the anode. d. Reduction half-reaction: The half-reac ...
... a. Cathode: The electrode at which reduction occurs. b. Anode: The electrode at which oxidation occurs. c. Oxidation half-reaction: The half-reaction in which electrons are products. In a galvanic cell, the oxidation half-reaction always occurs at the anode. d. Reduction half-reaction: The half-reac ...
Complete Solution Manual
... a. Cathode: The electrode at which reduction occurs. b. Anode: The electrode at which oxidation occurs. c. Oxidation half-reaction: The half-reaction in which electrons are products. In a galvanic cell, the oxidation half-reaction always occurs at the anode. d. Reduction half-reaction: The half-reac ...
... a. Cathode: The electrode at which reduction occurs. b. Anode: The electrode at which oxidation occurs. c. Oxidation half-reaction: The half-reaction in which electrons are products. In a galvanic cell, the oxidation half-reaction always occurs at the anode. d. Reduction half-reaction: The half-reac ...
Entropy and Free Energy
... This results from there being much greater molecular motion in a gas, resulting in many more possible arrangements of atoms in the gas phase than in the liquid phase—in part because the gas phase occupies a much greater volume than either of the condensed phases. • For two monatomic species, the on ...
... This results from there being much greater molecular motion in a gas, resulting in many more possible arrangements of atoms in the gas phase than in the liquid phase—in part because the gas phase occupies a much greater volume than either of the condensed phases. • For two monatomic species, the on ...
File
... determining ΔG oreaction is: ΔG° = Σnp Δnof (products) Σnr ΔGof (reactants) . Because ΔG is a state function (path independent), chemical reactions with known ΔG values can be manipulated to determine ΔG for a different reaction. ΔG for the different reaction is the sum of ΔG for all the step ...
... determining ΔG oreaction is: ΔG° = Σnp Δnof (products) Σnr ΔGof (reactants) . Because ΔG is a state function (path independent), chemical reactions with known ΔG values can be manipulated to determine ΔG for a different reaction. ΔG for the different reaction is the sum of ΔG for all the step ...
CHAPTER SIXTEEN SPONTANEITY, ENTROPY, AND FREE
... determining ΔG oreaction is: ΔG° = Σnp Δn of (products) Σnr ΔG of (reactants) . Because ΔG is a state function (path independent), chemical reactions with known ΔG values can be manipulated to determine ΔG for a different reaction. ΔG for the different reaction is the sum of ΔG for all the st ...
... determining ΔG oreaction is: ΔG° = Σnp Δn of (products) Σnr ΔG of (reactants) . Because ΔG is a state function (path independent), chemical reactions with known ΔG values can be manipulated to determine ΔG for a different reaction. ΔG for the different reaction is the sum of ΔG for all the st ...
Chapter 4 "Reactions in Aqueous Solution"
... solutes2, are dispersed uniformly throughout the substance in the greater amount, the solvent3. An aqueous solution4 is a solution in which the solvent is water, whereas in a nonaqueous solution, the solvent is a substance other than water. Familiar examples of nonaqueous solvents are ethyl acetate, ...
... solutes2, are dispersed uniformly throughout the substance in the greater amount, the solvent3. An aqueous solution4 is a solution in which the solvent is water, whereas in a nonaqueous solution, the solvent is a substance other than water. Familiar examples of nonaqueous solvents are ethyl acetate, ...
Reactions in Aqueous Solution
... solutes2, are dispersed uniformly throughout the substance in the greater amount, the solvent3. An aqueous solution4 is a solution in which the solvent is water, whereas in a nonaqueous solution, the solvent is a substance other than water. Familiar examples of nonaqueous solvents are ethyl acetate, ...
... solutes2, are dispersed uniformly throughout the substance in the greater amount, the solvent3. An aqueous solution4 is a solution in which the solvent is water, whereas in a nonaqueous solution, the solvent is a substance other than water. Familiar examples of nonaqueous solvents are ethyl acetate, ...
Multiple Choice
... Both are non-polar, but CCl4 has more electrons ( more polarizable) stronger dispersion force. Hydrogen bonding occurs when H is bonded to N, O or F. Only N2H4 has that arrangement. Farthest from each other in the gaseous phase, which is at t5. Melting occurs along 1st plateau (t2) and boiling alo ...
... Both are non-polar, but CCl4 has more electrons ( more polarizable) stronger dispersion force. Hydrogen bonding occurs when H is bonded to N, O or F. Only N2H4 has that arrangement. Farthest from each other in the gaseous phase, which is at t5. Melting occurs along 1st plateau (t2) and boiling alo ...
LABORATORY MANUAL GENERAL CHEMISTRY 120 Dr. Steven Fawl
... need in this lab. Please read the instructions carefully and follow the experimental procedure found at the end. Reporting the Accuracy of a Measurement Scientific measurements must be as precise as possible, which often means estimating between the smallest scale divisions on the instrument being u ...
... need in this lab. Please read the instructions carefully and follow the experimental procedure found at the end. Reporting the Accuracy of a Measurement Scientific measurements must be as precise as possible, which often means estimating between the smallest scale divisions on the instrument being u ...
Alternative Coverage of moles, molarity, and Chemical Calculations
... oxygen, O2, has a mass of 32 u, twice that of a molecule of methane, 16 u. A molecule of ozone has a mass of 48 u, three times that of a molecule of methane. Using the same reasoning we used for atomic substances, we conclude that 16 grams of methane, 32 grams of oxygen, and 48 grams of ozone must a ...
... oxygen, O2, has a mass of 32 u, twice that of a molecule of methane, 16 u. A molecule of ozone has a mass of 48 u, three times that of a molecule of methane. Using the same reasoning we used for atomic substances, we conclude that 16 grams of methane, 32 grams of oxygen, and 48 grams of ozone must a ...
Stoichiometry: Calculations with Chemical Formulas and Equations
... • In this example the sugar would be the limiting reactant, because it will limit the amount of cookies you can make ...
... • In this example the sugar would be the limiting reactant, because it will limit the amount of cookies you can make ...
Chapter 2 1.Certain gases in the 293K and 9.97 × 104Pa when the
... Why do some non-metallic elements (such as F, O, etc.) have become abnormal? Answer: In general, the electron affinity and energy with the decrease of atomic radius increases because the radius of hours, the nuclear charge of the electron cited large, therefore, electron affinity and energy left to ...
... Why do some non-metallic elements (such as F, O, etc.) have become abnormal? Answer: In general, the electron affinity and energy with the decrease of atomic radius increases because the radius of hours, the nuclear charge of the electron cited large, therefore, electron affinity and energy left to ...
Chemistry 11 Final Examination Review
... d) Most of the volume of an atom is empty space. 10. Which of the following orbitals is spherical in shape? a) 3p b) 2s c) 4d d) 5f 11. The third energy level of an atom may have __ electrons. a) 2 b) 18 c) 8 d) 32 12. How many sublevels are possible at the fourth energy level? a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 d) 18 ...
... d) Most of the volume of an atom is empty space. 10. Which of the following orbitals is spherical in shape? a) 3p b) 2s c) 4d d) 5f 11. The third energy level of an atom may have __ electrons. a) 2 b) 18 c) 8 d) 32 12. How many sublevels are possible at the fourth energy level? a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 d) 18 ...
engineering chemistry
... An Atom is the smallest invisible particle of element, having all the characteristics of the parent element, which can neither be created nor destroyed by any chemical change. It cannot exist freely. It is the ultimate particle of an element, which may or may not have independent existence. The atom ...
... An Atom is the smallest invisible particle of element, having all the characteristics of the parent element, which can neither be created nor destroyed by any chemical change. It cannot exist freely. It is the ultimate particle of an element, which may or may not have independent existence. The atom ...
Instructor`s Guide to General Chemistry: Guided
... of the reactants to the number of molecules/ions that are produced as products. The number of molecules/ions is measured in units of moles. (b) Steps 2 and 3 make clear what information is given and what needs to be found. Molecules/ions react and molecules/ions are produced, so the units to keep tr ...
... of the reactants to the number of molecules/ions that are produced as products. The number of molecules/ions is measured in units of moles. (b) Steps 2 and 3 make clear what information is given and what needs to be found. Molecules/ions react and molecules/ions are produced, so the units to keep tr ...
Chapter 3
... 1. Write the correct formula(s) for the reactants on the left side and the correct formula(s) for the product(s) on the right side of the equation. 2. Change the numbers in front of the formulas (coefficients) to make the number of atoms of each element the same on both sides of the equation. Do not ...
... 1. Write the correct formula(s) for the reactants on the left side and the correct formula(s) for the product(s) on the right side of the equation. 2. Change the numbers in front of the formulas (coefficients) to make the number of atoms of each element the same on both sides of the equation. Do not ...
Unit 8 Chemical Equilibrium Focusing on Acid
... simplest integer coefficients, and include physical states for all substances. (a) Copper(II) chloride and potassium carbonate solutions are mixed. (b) Ethene (ethylene) reacts with hydrogen chloride to form chloroethane. (c) Aluminium foil reacts with hydrochloric acid. (d) Ammonia undergoes simple ...
... simplest integer coefficients, and include physical states for all substances. (a) Copper(II) chloride and potassium carbonate solutions are mixed. (b) Ethene (ethylene) reacts with hydrogen chloride to form chloroethane. (c) Aluminium foil reacts with hydrochloric acid. (d) Ammonia undergoes simple ...
CHAPTER 6 ENERGY RELATIONSHIPS IN CHEMICAL REACTIONS
... Strategy: The enthalpy of a reaction is the difference between the sum of the enthalpies of the products and the sum of the enthalpies of the reactants. The enthalpy of each species (reactant or product) is given by the product of the stoichiometric coefficient and the standard enthalpy of formation ...
... Strategy: The enthalpy of a reaction is the difference between the sum of the enthalpies of the products and the sum of the enthalpies of the reactants. The enthalpy of each species (reactant or product) is given by the product of the stoichiometric coefficient and the standard enthalpy of formation ...
chapter 5 gases
... Strategy: The neutralization reaction is exothermic. 56.2 kJ of heat are released when 1 mole of H reacts with 1 mole of OH. Assuming no heat is lost to the surroundings, we can equate the heat lost by the reaction to the heat gained by the combined solution. How do we calculate the heat released ...
... Strategy: The neutralization reaction is exothermic. 56.2 kJ of heat are released when 1 mole of H reacts with 1 mole of OH. Assuming no heat is lost to the surroundings, we can equate the heat lost by the reaction to the heat gained by the combined solution. How do we calculate the heat released ...
Thermometric titration
A thermometric titration is one of a number of instrumental titration techniques where endpoints can be located accurately and precisely without a subjective interpretation on the part of the analyst as to their location. Enthalpy change is arguably the most fundamental and universal property of chemical reactions, so the observation of temperature change is a natural choice in monitoring their progress. It is not a new technique, with possibly the first recognizable thermometric titration method reported early in the 20th century (Bell and Cowell, 1913). In spite of its attractive features, and in spite of the considerable research that has been conducted in the field and a large body of applications that have been developed; it has been until now an under-utilized technique in the critical area of industrial process and quality control. Automated potentiometric titration systems have pre-dominated in this area since the 1970s. With the advent of cheap computers able to handle the powerful thermometric titration software, development has now reached the stage where easy to use automated thermometric titration systems can in many cases offer a superior alternative to potentiometric titrimetry.The applications of thermometric titrimetry discussed on this page are by no means exhaustive. The reader is referred to the bibliography for further reading on the subject.