Patterned dielectric membranes designed for optical sensing
... Proteins are produced in our cells, and can be considered as the workhorses in living organisms. They have a wide range of functions, both within their mother cell and outside [3,13]. When proteins in the human body are transported from the cell where they are made, to the area where they are applie ...
... Proteins are produced in our cells, and can be considered as the workhorses in living organisms. They have a wide range of functions, both within their mother cell and outside [3,13]. When proteins in the human body are transported from the cell where they are made, to the area where they are applie ...
The Optics of the Mach-Zehnder Interferometer
... adjustment giving what is described in the present report as a linear source-plane path variation. He shows that with horizontal fringes there is a limit to the permissible source size even with the best adjustment. His paper, and t h a t of Schardin, suggest wrongly t h a t only the semi-reflectin ...
... adjustment giving what is described in the present report as a linear source-plane path variation. He shows that with horizontal fringes there is a limit to the permissible source size even with the best adjustment. His paper, and t h a t of Schardin, suggest wrongly t h a t only the semi-reflectin ...
A Michelson interferometric technique for measuring refractive index
... The Michelson interferometer operates on the principle of division of amplitude rather than on division of wavefront. Light from a light source strikes the beam splitter (designated by S) and is split into two parts. The beam splitter allows 50% of the radiation to be transmitted to the translatable ...
... The Michelson interferometer operates on the principle of division of amplitude rather than on division of wavefront. Light from a light source strikes the beam splitter (designated by S) and is split into two parts. The beam splitter allows 50% of the radiation to be transmitted to the translatable ...
[pdf]
... devices.7 In this paper we have explored the nonlinear optical properties of GaN and its interfaces. Several secondharmonic generation ~SHG! measurements of GaN ~Refs. 8–12! have been reported. These works measured the nonlinear susceptibility elements of GaN at a single fundamental wavelength of 10 ...
... devices.7 In this paper we have explored the nonlinear optical properties of GaN and its interfaces. Several secondharmonic generation ~SHG! measurements of GaN ~Refs. 8–12! have been reported. These works measured the nonlinear susceptibility elements of GaN at a single fundamental wavelength of 10 ...
Assessment of optical systems by means of point
... of the wavelength of the light. Interferometric methods are mostly used for this purpose. Although the achievable precision is very high, these methods need refined and delicate optical set-ups and, in practice, special laser sources to achieve sufficient signal-to-noise ratio. When a measurement at ...
... of the wavelength of the light. Interferometric methods are mostly used for this purpose. Although the achievable precision is very high, these methods need refined and delicate optical set-ups and, in practice, special laser sources to achieve sufficient signal-to-noise ratio. When a measurement at ...
Polarization of Light - University of Hawaii
... Polaroid-type polarimeter for circular polarimetry • Polaroids are not sensitive to circular polarization, so convert circular polarization to linear first, by using a quarter-wave plate • Polarimeter now uses a quarter-wave plate and a polaroid • Same disadvantages as before ...
... Polaroid-type polarimeter for circular polarimetry • Polaroids are not sensitive to circular polarization, so convert circular polarization to linear first, by using a quarter-wave plate • Polarimeter now uses a quarter-wave plate and a polaroid • Same disadvantages as before ...
11: Waves and Imaging
... The irradiance exhibits a sinusoidal modulation of period X = 2 sin[θ] oscillates between 0 and 2I0 · (2) = 4I0 , so that the average irradiance is 2I0 . The period varies directly with λ and inversely with sin(θ); for small θ, the period of the sinusoid is large, for θ = 0, there is no modulation o ...
... The irradiance exhibits a sinusoidal modulation of period X = 2 sin[θ] oscillates between 0 and 2I0 · (2) = 4I0 , so that the average irradiance is 2I0 . The period varies directly with λ and inversely with sin(θ); for small θ, the period of the sinusoid is large, for θ = 0, there is no modulation o ...
Optical Fiber Sensors for Biomedical Applications
... From Eq. (17.4), it follows that the NA can be expressed in terms of the refractive indices of the fiber material (core n1 , and cladding n2 ), but is also dependent on the refractive index of the surrounding environment n0 . As such, compared to an air environment (n0 =1), the acceptance angle will ...
... From Eq. (17.4), it follows that the NA can be expressed in terms of the refractive indices of the fiber material (core n1 , and cladding n2 ), but is also dependent on the refractive index of the surrounding environment n0 . As such, compared to an air environment (n0 =1), the acceptance angle will ...
feature article - Electrical and Computer Engineering
... the PPA nanoparticles are dosed with the SAM linker prior to nanosphere mask removal, whereas in Scheme 2 the nanosphere mask is removed before exposure of the PPA nanoparticles to the linker. Following linker dosing and nanosphere removal, both schemes involve incubating the sample in a solution co ...
... the PPA nanoparticles are dosed with the SAM linker prior to nanosphere mask removal, whereas in Scheme 2 the nanosphere mask is removed before exposure of the PPA nanoparticles to the linker. Following linker dosing and nanosphere removal, both schemes involve incubating the sample in a solution co ...
development and verification of the non
... 4 Channel Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . Aberrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Optical beam parameters . . . . . . . . ...
... 4 Channel Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . Aberrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Optical beam parameters . . . . . . . . ...
PHOTONIC CRYSTALS WITH ACTIVE ORGANIC MATERIALS by
... Figure 1-2 Hyper Rayleigh scattering. Second harmonic light is generated in an isotropic solution........................................................................................................................ 25 ...
... Figure 1-2 Hyper Rayleigh scattering. Second harmonic light is generated in an isotropic solution........................................................................................................................ 25 ...
Polarization of Light: from Basics to Instruments
... Polaroid-type polarimeter for circular polarimetry • Polaroids are not sensitive to circular polarization, so convert circular polarization to linear first, by using a quarter-wave plate • Polarimeter now uses a quarter-wave plate and a polaroid • Same disadvantages as before ...
... Polaroid-type polarimeter for circular polarimetry • Polaroids are not sensitive to circular polarization, so convert circular polarization to linear first, by using a quarter-wave plate • Polarimeter now uses a quarter-wave plate and a polaroid • Same disadvantages as before ...
Elastic stretchable optical fibers
... The utilization of soft materials in the design of optical systems provides opportunities for imparting these optical systems with completely unprecedented properties. This will enhance performance of systems, such as optical fibers, and enable new application scenarios. Here, we report the design, ...
... The utilization of soft materials in the design of optical systems provides opportunities for imparting these optical systems with completely unprecedented properties. This will enhance performance of systems, such as optical fibers, and enable new application scenarios. Here, we report the design, ...
Nonlinear Beam Shaping with Plasmonic Metasurfaces
... the solution describes the beam shape. The ability to shape optical beams, from an intense beam down to the single-photon level, can be used to control some of their most important physical parameters, including their orbital angular momentum,1 spatial intensity, and evolution.2,3 This enables us to ...
... the solution describes the beam shape. The ability to shape optical beams, from an intense beam down to the single-photon level, can be used to control some of their most important physical parameters, including their orbital angular momentum,1 spatial intensity, and evolution.2,3 This enables us to ...
Tuning Dynamic Range and Sensitivity of White
... light to be of use. Incorporating one 90° angle in the probe tip is required to maintain a majority of the reflected light below the acceptance angle of the fiber. More complicated three-dimensional probe tip designs based on conical or truncated conical geometries were rejected. Although these desi ...
... light to be of use. Incorporating one 90° angle in the probe tip is required to maintain a majority of the reflected light below the acceptance angle of the fiber. More complicated three-dimensional probe tip designs based on conical or truncated conical geometries were rejected. Although these desi ...
The Optical Resonator
... § All the modes would have comparable Q in the 3D resonator – To be avoided in a laser as it would cause all the atoms to emit power into a large number of modes (would differ in their frequency and spatial characteristics) § Large, open resonators consisting of opposite flat/curved reflectors mus ...
... § All the modes would have comparable Q in the 3D resonator – To be avoided in a laser as it would cause all the atoms to emit power into a large number of modes (would differ in their frequency and spatial characteristics) § Large, open resonators consisting of opposite flat/curved reflectors mus ...
development of fourier domain optical coherence
... contributes to the success of studies in developmental biology is the technology that is available for use. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is one such technology. OCT fills a niche between the high resolution of confocal microscopy and deep imaging penetration of ultrasound. Developmental studie ...
... contributes to the success of studies in developmental biology is the technology that is available for use. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is one such technology. OCT fills a niche between the high resolution of confocal microscopy and deep imaging penetration of ultrasound. Developmental studie ...
Digital Radiographic Image Acquisition and Processing
... photostimulable luminescence given off by the imaging plate while being scanned by the laser. For example, Fuji Medical Systems reports that a 1mR exposure at 80 kVp and a source-to-image distance of 72 inches will result in a luminescence value of 200, hence the speed number. ...
... photostimulable luminescence given off by the imaging plate while being scanned by the laser. For example, Fuji Medical Systems reports that a 1mR exposure at 80 kVp and a source-to-image distance of 72 inches will result in a luminescence value of 200, hence the speed number. ...
Fraunhofer Diffraction
... • The edges of optical images are blurred by diffraction, and this represents a fundamental limitation on the resolution of an optical imaging system. • There is no physical difference between the phenomena of interference and diffraction, both result from the superposition of light waves. Diffracti ...
... • The edges of optical images are blurred by diffraction, and this represents a fundamental limitation on the resolution of an optical imaging system. • There is no physical difference between the phenomena of interference and diffraction, both result from the superposition of light waves. Diffracti ...
Wavelength Converter Technology
... flexibility it is very attractive to be able to translate the channel wavelengths in an easy way [4], [5]. This is motivated by the resulting capacity increase, easier failure recovery, and reduced network complexity, e.g. [4]–[13]. The converters make it possible to assign wavelengths on a link by ...
... flexibility it is very attractive to be able to translate the channel wavelengths in an easy way [4], [5]. This is motivated by the resulting capacity increase, easier failure recovery, and reduced network complexity, e.g. [4]–[13]. The converters make it possible to assign wavelengths on a link by ...
Fabrication of concave silicon micro-mirrors
... forms after the top irradiated region is undercut (Fig. 1b), since PSi formation is isotropic for 0.02 Ω.cm p-type wafers [20]. Moreover, such highly doped wafers typically have a low surface roughness of a few nanometers after the removal of PSi [21]. From Fig. 1d, the diameter, D, of each concave ...
... forms after the top irradiated region is undercut (Fig. 1b), since PSi formation is isotropic for 0.02 Ω.cm p-type wafers [20]. Moreover, such highly doped wafers typically have a low surface roughness of a few nanometers after the removal of PSi [21]. From Fig. 1d, the diameter, D, of each concave ...
Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (OTDR)
... for optical fibers [3,4]. OTDR is extensively used in telecommunications to check the integrity of fiber links and to locate possible defects. OTDR exploits the Rayleigh scattering naturally taking place in the core of optical fibers. As the light propagates down a fiber, small material imperfection ...
... for optical fibers [3,4]. OTDR is extensively used in telecommunications to check the integrity of fiber links and to locate possible defects. OTDR exploits the Rayleigh scattering naturally taking place in the core of optical fibers. As the light propagates down a fiber, small material imperfection ...
Graphene Plasmonic Metasurfaces to Steer Infrared Light www.nature.com/scientificreports Zubin Li
... dielectric constant and thickness of the dielectric layer, critical coupling condition can be satisfied even when the thickness s of the dielectric spacing layer is smaller than the wavelength. Consequently, we can achieve strong and even perfect absorption with monolayer graphene structures as theo ...
... dielectric constant and thickness of the dielectric layer, critical coupling condition can be satisfied even when the thickness s of the dielectric spacing layer is smaller than the wavelength. Consequently, we can achieve strong and even perfect absorption with monolayer graphene structures as theo ...
A simple peak-to-average power ratio reduction
... Optical OFDM has become a promising technique in long-haul and high-speed optical transmission systems, for its high spectral efficiency, relatively low bit rate and advanced robustness against chromatic dispersion and polarization mode dispersion [1-3]. Conventional optical OFDM systems utilize ele ...
... Optical OFDM has become a promising technique in long-haul and high-speed optical transmission systems, for its high spectral efficiency, relatively low bit rate and advanced robustness against chromatic dispersion and polarization mode dispersion [1-3]. Conventional optical OFDM systems utilize ele ...
Fabrication of Multi-wavelength Optical Reflector using On
... not produce higher diffraction orders. For Sufficiently small period, only the Zero order diffraction remains because higher order diffraction are suppressed. When the grating period is lesser than the wavelength, the grating behaves as a uniform layer with effective refractive index among the mater ...
... not produce higher diffraction orders. For Sufficiently small period, only the Zero order diffraction remains because higher order diffraction are suppressed. When the grating period is lesser than the wavelength, the grating behaves as a uniform layer with effective refractive index among the mater ...
Microscopy
Microscopy is the technical field of using microscopes to view objects and areas of objects that cannot be seen with the naked eye (objects that are not within the resolution range of the normal eye). There are three well-known branches of microscopy: optical, electron, and scanning probe microscopy.Optical and electron microscopy involve the diffraction, reflection, or refraction of electromagnetic radiation/electron beams interacting with the specimen, and the collection of the scattered radiation or another signal in order to create an image. This process may be carried out by wide-field irradiation of the sample (for example standard light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy) or by scanning of a fine beam over the sample (for example confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy). Scanning probe microscopy involves the interaction of a scanning probe with the surface of the object of interest. The development of microscopy revolutionized biology and remains an essential technique in the life and physical sciences.