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o Pulmonary Atresia and Intact Ventricular Septum
o Pulmonary Atresia and Intact Ventricular Septum

... Right ventricular size may vary from severe hypoplasia to a near normal size, depending on when in fetal development the pulmonary valve became atretic. If it was late in cardiac development, the chance is greater that the right ventricle will be larger at birth. Generally, hypoplasia of the tricusp ...
June 2013
June 2013

... The team works closely with the Division of Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery from Children's Hospital & Medical Center and UNMC in caring for children born with all forms of structural heart defects including those with the most severe and complicated malformations. The team performs over 8000 imagi ...
Anatomy and Physiology
Anatomy and Physiology

... and more overlapping of actin and myosin. also why with increased volume (EDV-end diastolic volume) cause increased contraction because stretch out sarcomere and have more to come back to resting. - there are NO graded contractions in cardiac muscle Functional syncytium – often used to describe myoc ...
Physical Examination OF The Cardiovascular System
Physical Examination OF The Cardiovascular System

...  The "innocence" of an MSM should not depend upon the duration or intensity of the murmur, but on the absence of other abnormal findings. ...
Acute Myocardial Infarction due to Coronary Artery Embolism
Acute Myocardial Infarction due to Coronary Artery Embolism

... the coronary embolism was found to be thrombus by angiographic and pathological examination, demonstrated to be related to a tissue AVR (by TEE), resolved after treatment with anticoagulation, and not associated with clinical or pathologic findings consistent with aortic valve endocarditis. The prev ...
Left ventricle - Dr. Par Mohammadian
Left ventricle - Dr. Par Mohammadian

...  pulmonary semilunar valve  pulmonary arteries  lungs  pulmonary veins  left atrium  bicuspid valve  left ventricle  aortic semilunar valve  aorta  ...
VHD Guidelines Review
VHD Guidelines Review

... jugular vein, carotid artery, and precordium is entirely normal. The first heart sound is slightly increased. Both components of the second heart sound are normal. A soft late diastolic rumble is present that is preceded by a crisp opening snap. There is no third or fourth heart sound. No peripheral ...
Disorders of the Cardiovascular System
Disorders of the Cardiovascular System

... Persistent precordial aching unrelated to effort. Tight sensations in chest. ...
Dr - NSUCOMEMS Home
Dr - NSUCOMEMS Home

... Time for angina: Longest duration is usually 30 minutes. Past 30 minutes, more concern exists over MI If nitroglycerin is used, it usually works immediately within minutes. Recall that angina reslts from excessive myocardial oxygen demand or inadequate oxygen supply. CAD will decrease supply. Hypert ...
The Apex Cardiogram in Left Ventricular Outflow Tract
The Apex Cardiogram in Left Ventricular Outflow Tract

... wave was recorded on one occasion, not recorded on another. From the end of this second systolic wave a normal curve, including a normal bulge or an end-systolic shoulder, was inscribed (figs. 1, 2, and 3). It must be emphasized that the second systolic wave occurring in mid-ejection, here described ...
VitalSim - Laerdal Medical
VitalSim - Laerdal Medical

... The VitalSim Vital Signs Simulator is the heart of Laerdal s VitalSim product line. When connected to VitalSim enabled manikins and skills trainers, VitalSim simulates ECGs, heart sounds, fetal heart tones, breath sounds, bowel sounds, blood pressure and pulses.VitalSim allows instructors to run pre ...
Origin of Both Great Vessels from the Right Ventricle
Origin of Both Great Vessels from the Right Ventricle

... The hemodynamic state in this anomalyis similar to that present in severe tetralogy of Fallot with cyanosis. The pressures in both ventricles are equal, and a pressure gradient exists between the right ventricle and the 1)111monary artery. Peripheral oxygen desaturation is present in all cases. In s ...
pathology of the cardiovascular system
pathology of the cardiovascular system

... hearts and myofibres in the neonatal period. A leading area of research is in progress to develop methods to improve this regenerative capacity. o Apoptosis ƒ Myofibers shrink and form apoptotic bodies ƒ No inflammation ƒ Minimal fibrosis NOTE: The Normal myocardium has a 3 - 5 fold functional reser ...
- Journal of the Saudi Heart Association
- Journal of the Saudi Heart Association

... theory that connective tissue disorder alone, without endocarditis, is a causative factor of AMV. Patient B did not have any previous echocardiographic images to determine whether his two small aneurysmal sacs were pre-existing or was a result of his AVE with AR. He did have pathological evidence of ...
Pulmonary Atresia and Intact Ventricular Septum
Pulmonary Atresia and Intact Ventricular Septum

... (B) Shunting across the atrial septum is required to maintain cardiac output. (C) Functional PA is seen with high pulmonary artery pressure with poor RV function, or very severe TR. (D) Coronary artery stenosis or interruption can not be reliably seen by echo. (E) Prostaglandins typically increase O ...
Circulatory System
Circulatory System

... from the cardiovascular system into surrounding tissue spaces and returns it to the cardiovascular system. The accumulated lymph, unlike blood, receives no cardiac pressure and thus relies on general muscular activity and weak lymph musculature for transport. The development of the circulatory syste ...
Magnetic resonance imaging based assessment of aortic valve area
Magnetic resonance imaging based assessment of aortic valve area

... of the local university were taken under study. The rats were housed in a specific pathogen-free facility on a 12-hour light/ dark cycle with free access to food and water. The experimental model was carried out in concordance to the guidelines on accommodations and care of animals formulated by the ...
Structural Heart Disease - Circulation: Cardiovascular Interventions
Structural Heart Disease - Circulation: Cardiovascular Interventions

... emerged as an effective alternative therapy for patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis considered to be at high or prohibitive surgical risk.1,2 Mild paravalvular aortic regurgitation (AR) is frequent after TAVI with an incidence ranging from 40% to 94%3–8 probably because of the presence ...
3-Heart failure in children
3-Heart failure in children

... Heart failure in infants -General points Heart rates above 220/min indicate supraventricular tachycardia as the cause.  On chest X-ray a cardiothoracic ratio of > 60% in the newborn and > 55% in older infants with CHF is the rule.  Hepatomegaly of > 3 cm below the costal margin is usually present ...
Heart Dissection Guide_IGCSE
Heart Dissection Guide_IGCSE

... fingers & rinse out any dried blood with water. Your heart should now be completely divided in half. 14. Inside the left chambers look for the valve that controls blood flow between the upper left atrium and lower left ventricle. This valve is called the left atrioventricular valve, or bicuspid valv ...
Imaging of hypoplastic left heart syndrome –A rare
Imaging of hypoplastic left heart syndrome –A rare

... anomaly scan, found to be carrying a fetus with the Hypoplastic left heart without any other anomalies. Keywords: Hypoplastic left heart syndrome, congenital heart disease, Ultrasonography ...
Congenital Heart Disease (CHD)
Congenital Heart Disease (CHD)

... Narrowing of the aorta can occur anywhere, but is most likely to happen in the segment just after the aortic arch. This narrowing restricts the amount of blood to the lower part of the body • occurs in about 8-11 % of all children with CHD EFFECTS: • The left ventricle has to work harder to try to m ...
Blue Boxes for Thorax – Ian Hoppe (2011) Clinical Correlations “The
Blue Boxes for Thorax – Ian Hoppe (2011) Clinical Correlations “The

... Pericarditis is the inflammation of the pericardium and results in friction when auscultated over the left sternal border (rub) Some inflammatory diseases result in pericardial effusion (passage of fluid from pericardial capillaries into the pericardial cavity); heart becomes compressed and ineffect ...
Clinical Conference
Clinical Conference

... Exercise intolerance/angina RV failure Intervention for RV-PA gradient >50 mmHg ...
murmurs
murmurs

... an untreated or incompletely treated infection caused by the bacteria that cause strep throat or scarlet fever. Rheumatic fever can lead to permanent damage to the heart. If your doctor diagnoses strep throat, be sure your child takes all of the antibiotics prescribed, even if he or she feels better ...
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Aortic stenosis



Aortic stenosis (AS) is the narrowing of the exit of the left ventricle of the heart such that problems result. It may occur at the aortic valve as well as above and below this level. It typically gets worse over time. Symptoms often come on gradually with a decreased ability to exercise often occurring first. If heart failure, loss of consciousness, or heart related chest pain occurs due to AS the outcomes are worse. Loss of consciousness typically occurs with standing or exercise. Signs of heart failure include shortness of breath especially with lying down, at night, and with exercise as well as swelling of the legs. Thickening of the valve without narrowing is known as aortic sclerosis.Causes include being born with a bicuspid aortic valve and rheumatic fever. A bicuspid aortic valve affects about one to two percent of the population while rheumatic heart disease mostly occurring in the developing world. A normal valve, however, may also harden over the decades. Risk factors are similar to those of coronary artery disease and include smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, and being male. The aortic valve usually has three leaflets and is located between the left ventricle of the heart and the aorta. AS typically results in a heart murmur. Its severity can be divided into mild, moderate, severe, and very severe based on ultrasound of the heart findings.Aortic stenosis is typically followed using repeated ultrasounds. Once it has become severe treatment primarily involves valve replacement surgery with transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) being an option in some who are at high risk from surgery. Valves may either be mechanical or bioprosthetic with each having risks and benefits. Another less invasive procedure, balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) may result in benefit but this is for only for a few months. Complications like heart failure may be treated as per normal in those with mild to moderate AS. In those with severe disease a number of medications should be avoided including ACE inhibitors, nitroglycerin, and some beta blockers. Nitroprusside or phenylephrine may be used in those with decompensated heart failure depending on the blood pressure.Aortic stenosis is the most common valvular heart disease in the developed world. It affects about 2% of people who are over 65 years of age. Estimated rates are not known in most of the developing world as of 2014. In those who have symptoms, without repair, the chance of death at five years is about 50% and at 10 years is about 90%. Aortic stenosis was first described by French physician Lazare Rivière in 1663.
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