THE CARDIOVASCULAR HISTORY AND PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
... Often has systolic and diastolic components. It may be audible over any part of the precordium ,usually heard best in the 3rd interspace to the left of the sternum (Erb Botkin)and is often very localized, does not radiate. Intensity varies over time, increases when the patient leans forward and duri ...
... Often has systolic and diastolic components. It may be audible over any part of the precordium ,usually heard best in the 3rd interspace to the left of the sternum (Erb Botkin)and is often very localized, does not radiate. Intensity varies over time, increases when the patient leans forward and duri ...
Exercise and Physical Activity for the Post-
... aortic aneurysm prior to dissection. Unaccustomed vigorous physical activity, acute emotional stress, and heavy lifting have been suggested as triggers for AD in patients with preexisting aortic aneurysm.3,4 According to the Law of LaPlace, the aortic wall experiences greater stress at a given SBP a ...
... aortic aneurysm prior to dissection. Unaccustomed vigorous physical activity, acute emotional stress, and heavy lifting have been suggested as triggers for AD in patients with preexisting aortic aneurysm.3,4 According to the Law of LaPlace, the aortic wall experiences greater stress at a given SBP a ...
Management of VSD (Ventricular septal defect)
... The child who has reached the age of 6 months without evidence of congestive heart failure and pulmonary hypertension can be managed conservatively. After the 1st year of life, asymptomatic infants known to have small, persistent patent defects should be examined every 3 years or so to watch for aor ...
... The child who has reached the age of 6 months without evidence of congestive heart failure and pulmonary hypertension can be managed conservatively. After the 1st year of life, asymptomatic infants known to have small, persistent patent defects should be examined every 3 years or so to watch for aor ...
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome: diagnosis and management (PDF
... blood flow is increased, resulting in oxygen saturation greater than 85%. Cyanosis is difficult to recognize at this level. However, certain clues can increase suspicion of the presence of a critical heart lesion. Hyperdynamic precordial activity is a consistent finding that reflects right ventricul ...
... blood flow is increased, resulting in oxygen saturation greater than 85%. Cyanosis is difficult to recognize at this level. However, certain clues can increase suspicion of the presence of a critical heart lesion. Hyperdynamic precordial activity is a consistent finding that reflects right ventricul ...
Congenital heart disease in cats - Acapulco-Vet
... valve insufficiency and right atrial enlargement, tricuspid dysplasia might have been overdiagnosed in the past. In France Chartreux cats seem to be predisposed. There appears to be a male predominance. It is commonly associated with mitral ...
... valve insufficiency and right atrial enlargement, tricuspid dysplasia might have been overdiagnosed in the past. In France Chartreux cats seem to be predisposed. There appears to be a male predominance. It is commonly associated with mitral ...
Aortic and Mitral Annular Calcifications Are
... OBJECTIVEdTo examine the association of aortic valve sclerosis (AVS) and mitral annulus calcification (MAC) with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in type 2 diabetic individuals. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSdWe retrospectively analyzed the data from 902 type 2 diabetic outpatients, who had underg ...
... OBJECTIVEdTo examine the association of aortic valve sclerosis (AVS) and mitral annulus calcification (MAC) with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in type 2 diabetic individuals. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSdWe retrospectively analyzed the data from 902 type 2 diabetic outpatients, who had underg ...
the recognition and management of valvular heart disease
... listening to the same area). If the patient is physically unable to do this, he/she remains supine while the examiner bends the patient’s knees passively towards the abdomen. Standing produces the same physiological results as the Valsalva manoeuvre. With squatting the effects are the opposite. Squa ...
... listening to the same area). If the patient is physically unable to do this, he/she remains supine while the examiner bends the patient’s knees passively towards the abdomen. Standing produces the same physiological results as the Valsalva manoeuvre. With squatting the effects are the opposite. Squa ...
LAB Heart Dissection
... 8. Inside the right ventricle, locate the pulmonary artery that carries blood away from this chamber. Find the one-way valve called the pulmonary valve that controls blood flow away from the right ventricle at the entrance to this blood vessel. 9. Using your scissors, continue to cut open the heart. ...
... 8. Inside the right ventricle, locate the pulmonary artery that carries blood away from this chamber. Find the one-way valve called the pulmonary valve that controls blood flow away from the right ventricle at the entrance to this blood vessel. 9. Using your scissors, continue to cut open the heart. ...
Cardiac Anatomy for Radiology
... intrinsically dynamic, constantly in motion, supporting life by pumping blood that provides oxygen and nutrients to every cell in our bodies. Thus, an understanding of the normal heart must also include cardiac motion and hemodynamics of the resultant blood flow. In this discussion, we will concentr ...
... intrinsically dynamic, constantly in motion, supporting life by pumping blood that provides oxygen and nutrients to every cell in our bodies. Thus, an understanding of the normal heart must also include cardiac motion and hemodynamics of the resultant blood flow. In this discussion, we will concentr ...
Cardiac Function Curve
... when the aortic valve opens. Ejection of blood occurs, and ventricular volume falls (B − C). Note, ventricular pressure is not really constant during ejection because of the compliance of the aorta and the differing rates of blood flow into and out of the aorta with time. At (C), the aortic valve cl ...
... when the aortic valve opens. Ejection of blood occurs, and ventricular volume falls (B − C). Note, ventricular pressure is not really constant during ejection because of the compliance of the aorta and the differing rates of blood flow into and out of the aorta with time. At (C), the aortic valve cl ...
Transcatheter Aortic and Mitral Valve Replacement
... gold standard of care; but, many patients have an increased operative risk and are unsuitable candidates for open surgical valve replacement. Into this arena have stepped a number of less invasive techniques for valvular replacement and repair, namely methods and devices capable of implanting artifi ...
... gold standard of care; but, many patients have an increased operative risk and are unsuitable candidates for open surgical valve replacement. Into this arena have stepped a number of less invasive techniques for valvular replacement and repair, namely methods and devices capable of implanting artifi ...
Rheumatic Fever and Heart Disease
... marked by a row of warty, small vegetations along the lines of closure of the valve leaflets. IE (infective endocarditis) is characterized by large, irregular masses on the valve cusps that can extend onto the cords (see Fig. 13–18 A). NBTE (nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis) typically exhibits s ...
... marked by a row of warty, small vegetations along the lines of closure of the valve leaflets. IE (infective endocarditis) is characterized by large, irregular masses on the valve cusps that can extend onto the cords (see Fig. 13–18 A). NBTE (nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis) typically exhibits s ...
Selected Aortic Valve Procedures
... Guidelines from the European Society of Cardiology (Erbel, et al., 2014) state that In most cases of aortic insufficiency associated with acute Type A dissection, the aortic valve is essentially normal and can be preserved by applying an aortic valve -sparing repair of the aortic root. In cases of a ...
... Guidelines from the European Society of Cardiology (Erbel, et al., 2014) state that In most cases of aortic insufficiency associated with acute Type A dissection, the aortic valve is essentially normal and can be preserved by applying an aortic valve -sparing repair of the aortic root. In cases of a ...
Auscultation of the Heart I - University of Edinburgh Open Journals
... sounds? Is it systolic or diastolic? If systolic does it occur in early, mid or late systole or is it pan-systolic? If diastolic is it early. i.e. immediately following the second heart sound, or mid, i.e. after an appreciable gap from the second sound. or late .. i.e. pre-systolic? As will become c ...
... sounds? Is it systolic or diastolic? If systolic does it occur in early, mid or late systole or is it pan-systolic? If diastolic is it early. i.e. immediately following the second heart sound, or mid, i.e. after an appreciable gap from the second sound. or late .. i.e. pre-systolic? As will become c ...
Seven and one-half years` experience with the Medtronic
... ing time exceeds I hour. Suture technique in the mitral position usually consists of three mattress sutures of 2-0 Mercilene (Dacron), with continuous sutures between the mattress sutures. Ifthe quality of the tissue is not favorable, pledget-reinforced Tycron (Teflon) sutures are used. In the aorti ...
... ing time exceeds I hour. Suture technique in the mitral position usually consists of three mattress sutures of 2-0 Mercilene (Dacron), with continuous sutures between the mattress sutures. Ifthe quality of the tissue is not favorable, pledget-reinforced Tycron (Teflon) sutures are used. In the aorti ...
Adult Rheumatic Focus on Cardiac & Other Social Issues
... 1. Transthoracic echocardiography is indicated for baseline evaluation of LV size and function, RV and left atrial size, pulmonary artery pressure, and severity of MR in any patient suspected of having MR. (LOE: C) 2. Transthoracic echocardiography is indicated for delineation of the mechanism of MR ...
... 1. Transthoracic echocardiography is indicated for baseline evaluation of LV size and function, RV and left atrial size, pulmonary artery pressure, and severity of MR in any patient suspected of having MR. (LOE: C) 2. Transthoracic echocardiography is indicated for delineation of the mechanism of MR ...
Rotational angiography and 3D overlay in transcatheter congenital
... Fluoroscopy and cineangiography continue to be essential and are the backbone of imaging in the catheterization laboratory. Advances in 2D and 3D echocardiography have resulted in the widespread use of transesophageal and intracardiac imaging to guide interventions, so much so that these techn ...
... Fluoroscopy and cineangiography continue to be essential and are the backbone of imaging in the catheterization laboratory. Advances in 2D and 3D echocardiography have resulted in the widespread use of transesophageal and intracardiac imaging to guide interventions, so much so that these techn ...
Copy - asja
... Severe Ebstein’s anomaly of the tricuspid valve • Critical PS • DORV (some variations) ...
... Severe Ebstein’s anomaly of the tricuspid valve • Critical PS • DORV (some variations) ...
some features of the mitral valve
... FIG. 1.-The right half of the aorta and left atrium and ventricle divided down the centre of the anterior cusp of the mitral valve which has been propped open to represent its position in diastole. The junction of anterior cusp and fibrous ring is, marked X. A., Aortic wall. A.C., Anterior cusp of m ...
... FIG. 1.-The right half of the aorta and left atrium and ventricle divided down the centre of the anterior cusp of the mitral valve which has been propped open to represent its position in diastole. The junction of anterior cusp and fibrous ring is, marked X. A., Aortic wall. A.C., Anterior cusp of m ...
EEG - Wayne State University
... a. Escape rhythm is when SA node fails completely alternative automaticity focus escapes and paces at its inherent rate b. Escape beat is when SA node fails transiently alternative focus produces single escape beat before restart of sinus rhythm i. Atrial escape: pause + P’ waves with varying mo ...
... a. Escape rhythm is when SA node fails completely alternative automaticity focus escapes and paces at its inherent rate b. Escape beat is when SA node fails transiently alternative focus produces single escape beat before restart of sinus rhythm i. Atrial escape: pause + P’ waves with varying mo ...
Pumping mechanics of the left ventricle based on thick
... Myocardial fiber orientation smoothly and continuously varies through the wall which spiral and terminates on surface. Cardiac cycle is considered by specifying the pressure of opening and closing of the valves in the left ventricle. The properties of this study under changes of fiber strain, tensio ...
... Myocardial fiber orientation smoothly and continuously varies through the wall which spiral and terminates on surface. Cardiac cycle is considered by specifying the pressure of opening and closing of the valves in the left ventricle. The properties of this study under changes of fiber strain, tensio ...
3D Scanning Stereo PIV in Heart Valve Flows
... Studies of flow through the human aorta are of growing interest due to potential application to diagnosis and prevention of cardiovascular diseases, e.g. atherosclerosis. In addition, the influence of artificial heart valves which can damage blood and generate stenosis [2] is of wide interest. For o ...
... Studies of flow through the human aorta are of growing interest due to potential application to diagnosis and prevention of cardiovascular diseases, e.g. atherosclerosis. In addition, the influence of artificial heart valves which can damage blood and generate stenosis [2] is of wide interest. For o ...
Heart Dissection
... possible, using forceps to either pick or scrape it away. Work carefully and do not damage any of the heart structures as you remove the fat. 6. The fat is light coloured, soft, and without structure. Heart muscle is dark and fibrous. The walls of blood vessels are thin, tough, and usually smooth on ...
... possible, using forceps to either pick or scrape it away. Work carefully and do not damage any of the heart structures as you remove the fat. 6. The fat is light coloured, soft, and without structure. Heart muscle is dark and fibrous. The walls of blood vessels are thin, tough, and usually smooth on ...
A retrospective study of tetralogy of Fallot in dogs
... diagnosis. In dogs with Fallot syndrome, hypertrophy of the right ventricular free wall was evident. In most cases, the thickness of the right ventricular wall was even greater than the thickness of the left ventricular wall. In the apical 4-chamber view, the VSD and “rider aorta” were visible (Figu ...
... diagnosis. In dogs with Fallot syndrome, hypertrophy of the right ventricular free wall was evident. In most cases, the thickness of the right ventricular wall was even greater than the thickness of the left ventricular wall. In the apical 4-chamber view, the VSD and “rider aorta” were visible (Figu ...
Heart Dissection practical
... possible, using forceps to either pick or scrape it away. Work carefully and do not damage any of the heart structures as you remove the fat. 6. The fat is light coloured, soft, and without structure. Heart muscle is dark and fibrous. The walls of blood vessels are thin, tough, and usually smooth on ...
... possible, using forceps to either pick or scrape it away. Work carefully and do not damage any of the heart structures as you remove the fat. 6. The fat is light coloured, soft, and without structure. Heart muscle is dark and fibrous. The walls of blood vessels are thin, tough, and usually smooth on ...
Aortic stenosis
Aortic stenosis (AS) is the narrowing of the exit of the left ventricle of the heart such that problems result. It may occur at the aortic valve as well as above and below this level. It typically gets worse over time. Symptoms often come on gradually with a decreased ability to exercise often occurring first. If heart failure, loss of consciousness, or heart related chest pain occurs due to AS the outcomes are worse. Loss of consciousness typically occurs with standing or exercise. Signs of heart failure include shortness of breath especially with lying down, at night, and with exercise as well as swelling of the legs. Thickening of the valve without narrowing is known as aortic sclerosis.Causes include being born with a bicuspid aortic valve and rheumatic fever. A bicuspid aortic valve affects about one to two percent of the population while rheumatic heart disease mostly occurring in the developing world. A normal valve, however, may also harden over the decades. Risk factors are similar to those of coronary artery disease and include smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, and being male. The aortic valve usually has three leaflets and is located between the left ventricle of the heart and the aorta. AS typically results in a heart murmur. Its severity can be divided into mild, moderate, severe, and very severe based on ultrasound of the heart findings.Aortic stenosis is typically followed using repeated ultrasounds. Once it has become severe treatment primarily involves valve replacement surgery with transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) being an option in some who are at high risk from surgery. Valves may either be mechanical or bioprosthetic with each having risks and benefits. Another less invasive procedure, balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) may result in benefit but this is for only for a few months. Complications like heart failure may be treated as per normal in those with mild to moderate AS. In those with severe disease a number of medications should be avoided including ACE inhibitors, nitroglycerin, and some beta blockers. Nitroprusside or phenylephrine may be used in those with decompensated heart failure depending on the blood pressure.Aortic stenosis is the most common valvular heart disease in the developed world. It affects about 2% of people who are over 65 years of age. Estimated rates are not known in most of the developing world as of 2014. In those who have symptoms, without repair, the chance of death at five years is about 50% and at 10 years is about 90%. Aortic stenosis was first described by French physician Lazare Rivière in 1663.