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approved
... atrioventricular bundle, which is part of the conducting system of the heart. The third type is simply composed of prominent ridges. The tricuspid valve guards the atrioventricular orifice and consists of three cusps formed by a fold of endocardium with some connective tissue enclosed: anterior, se ...
... atrioventricular bundle, which is part of the conducting system of the heart. The third type is simply composed of prominent ridges. The tricuspid valve guards the atrioventricular orifice and consists of three cusps formed by a fold of endocardium with some connective tissue enclosed: anterior, se ...
Assessment of pulmonary artery pressure by echocardiography—A
... A TR trace (CW Doppler) is obtained from several views. If needed, agitated saline is administered intravenously to improve the envelope and the maximal TR velocity is measured. A 1–2 cm PW Doppler is then placed in the RVOT (parasternal short axis view), just within the pulmonary valve. The sample ...
... A TR trace (CW Doppler) is obtained from several views. If needed, agitated saline is administered intravenously to improve the envelope and the maximal TR velocity is measured. A 1–2 cm PW Doppler is then placed in the RVOT (parasternal short axis view), just within the pulmonary valve. The sample ...
Atresia of the Coronary Sinus Ostium to the Right Atrium with a
... CAETANO, A. G.; RIBEIRO, T. C.; FILHO, O. A. R. & FAZAN, V. P. S. Atresia of the coronary sinus ostium to the right atrium with a persistent left superior vena cava. Int. J. Morphol., 27(3):771-776, 2009. SUMMARY: The coronary sinus has lately assumed an important role in the cardiologic clinic once ...
... CAETANO, A. G.; RIBEIRO, T. C.; FILHO, O. A. R. & FAZAN, V. P. S. Atresia of the coronary sinus ostium to the right atrium with a persistent left superior vena cava. Int. J. Morphol., 27(3):771-776, 2009. SUMMARY: The coronary sinus has lately assumed an important role in the cardiologic clinic once ...
Efficacy, Safety, and Outcomes of Catheter Ablation of Atrial
... Manuscript received May 8, 2013; revised manuscript received July 1, 2013, accepted July 9, 2013. ...
... Manuscript received May 8, 2013; revised manuscript received July 1, 2013, accepted July 9, 2013. ...
Complete thoracic ectopia cordis
... rarity of this condition, no uniform surgical strategy can be suggested. The aims of surgical treatment are: (1) to provide soft tissue cover of the heart; (2) to reduce the heart into the thoracic cavity; (3) palliation or repair of any intra-cardiac defect; and (4) reconstruction of the chest wall ...
... rarity of this condition, no uniform surgical strategy can be suggested. The aims of surgical treatment are: (1) to provide soft tissue cover of the heart; (2) to reduce the heart into the thoracic cavity; (3) palliation or repair of any intra-cardiac defect; and (4) reconstruction of the chest wall ...
Reliability of Noninvasive Assessment of Systolic Pulmonary Artery
... criteria and n=1695 patients with timely matched examinations (within 5 days) were analyzed. In n=1221 (72%) patients, pulmonary hypertension (PH) was diagnosed invasively (postcapillary PH: n=1122 [66%]; precapillary PH: n=99 [6%]). Systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP) was 45.315.5 mm Hg by D ...
... criteria and n=1695 patients with timely matched examinations (within 5 days) were analyzed. In n=1221 (72%) patients, pulmonary hypertension (PH) was diagnosed invasively (postcapillary PH: n=1122 [66%]; precapillary PH: n=99 [6%]). Systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP) was 45.315.5 mm Hg by D ...
ECG Interpretation
... Short-lived - rapidly deteriorates into atrial fibrillation or spontaneously returns to patient’s previous rhythm Symptoms - palpitations, rapid heart rate, chest pain, shortness of breath, light headedness, fatigue, and low blood pressure ...
... Short-lived - rapidly deteriorates into atrial fibrillation or spontaneously returns to patient’s previous rhythm Symptoms - palpitations, rapid heart rate, chest pain, shortness of breath, light headedness, fatigue, and low blood pressure ...
Pulmonary Hypertension and Right Heart Failure in Chronic
... pulmonary artery pressures higher than 40 mm Hg (invasively measured) are not uncommon in advanced COPD, especially in patients with at least one previous episode of acute respiratory failure (Figure 2) (6, 10, 11). Patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension in whom the disease process ...
... pulmonary artery pressures higher than 40 mm Hg (invasively measured) are not uncommon in advanced COPD, especially in patients with at least one previous episode of acute respiratory failure (Figure 2) (6, 10, 11). Patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension in whom the disease process ...
Intervention Technique using Transvenous Patent Ductus Arteriosus
... device were withdrawn together until the disc stayed within the ampulla with distal disc engaged with the ostium. Gentle retraction was applied on the delivery cable to keep the device in contact with the ostium. Unfortunately, the PDA duct occluder device was too small; therefore, the device was pu ...
... device were withdrawn together until the disc stayed within the ampulla with distal disc engaged with the ostium. Gentle retraction was applied on the delivery cable to keep the device in contact with the ostium. Unfortunately, the PDA duct occluder device was too small; therefore, the device was pu ...
The right ventricle in pulmonary arterial hypertension
... developed, initially for the left ventricle [15] but following this were adapted to the right ventricle [16]. The single-beat method relies on a maximum pressure (Pmax) calculated from a nonlinear extrapolation of the early and late portions of a RV pressure curve, an integration of pulmonary flow o ...
... developed, initially for the left ventricle [15] but following this were adapted to the right ventricle [16]. The single-beat method relies on a maximum pressure (Pmax) calculated from a nonlinear extrapolation of the early and late portions of a RV pressure curve, an integration of pulmonary flow o ...
Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventricular Septum: Management
... left shunting at the atrial level causing marked cyanosis. Pulmonary blood flow is provided solely by the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). A single S2 is heard on cardiac auscultation due to absent P2. Although a low intensity, continuous PDA murmur may be heard at the left upper sternal border or a ...
... left shunting at the atrial level causing marked cyanosis. Pulmonary blood flow is provided solely by the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). A single S2 is heard on cardiac auscultation due to absent P2. Although a low intensity, continuous PDA murmur may be heard at the left upper sternal border or a ...
The Cardiovascular System: The Heart: Part A
... – Right atrium tricuspid valve right ventricle – Right ventricle pulmonary semilunar valve pulmonary trunk pulmonary arteries lungs – Lungs pulmonary veins left atrium ...
... – Right atrium tricuspid valve right ventricle – Right ventricle pulmonary semilunar valve pulmonary trunk pulmonary arteries lungs – Lungs pulmonary veins left atrium ...
Congenital absence of pericardium revisited
... enlarged in approximately 50% of cases, which may be partially due to the slight rotation of the heart into the left chest [3, 11]. This coupled with the presence of a strong and displaced apical impulse, tends to give the impression of an enlarged heart on physical examination and on chest radiogra ...
... enlarged in approximately 50% of cases, which may be partially due to the slight rotation of the heart into the left chest [3, 11]. This coupled with the presence of a strong and displaced apical impulse, tends to give the impression of an enlarged heart on physical examination and on chest radiogra ...
Misplacement of Temporary Pacing Wire into the Left Ventricle Via
... 1. The presence of the pacing electrode in the left ventricular cavity may signify arterial cannulation or perforation of the interventricular septum. 2. Thrombus formation on the lead can lead to systemic or cerebral embolisation. In one series, 10 out of 27 patients with pacing leads in the left ...
... 1. The presence of the pacing electrode in the left ventricular cavity may signify arterial cannulation or perforation of the interventricular septum. 2. Thrombus formation on the lead can lead to systemic or cerebral embolisation. In one series, 10 out of 27 patients with pacing leads in the left ...
Full Article - College of Intensive Care Medicine
... study than flow. The ability of the right heart to function as a flow generator is evident when one considers what happens during exercise. In a man with good aerobic capacity, cardiac output can increase more than fivefold above resting levels, to more than 25 L/min, while, except for a small incre ...
... study than flow. The ability of the right heart to function as a flow generator is evident when one considers what happens during exercise. In a man with good aerobic capacity, cardiac output can increase more than fivefold above resting levels, to more than 25 L/min, while, except for a small incre ...
introduction to echocardiography in small animal practice
... patients so that no diagnostic information is missed. Air-filled structures such as the lung and bone are excellent reflectors of ultrasound and prevent transmission of the ultrasound beam to the deeper structures. Therefore, the intercostal spaces in the axillary region at the cardiac level are use ...
... patients so that no diagnostic information is missed. Air-filled structures such as the lung and bone are excellent reflectors of ultrasound and prevent transmission of the ultrasound beam to the deeper structures. Therefore, the intercostal spaces in the axillary region at the cardiac level are use ...
Identical wave forms of vena cava and pulmonary artery during
... Complications involving pulmonary artery (PA) catheterization are varied and include arrhythmias, pneumothorax, intracardiac rupture, pulmonary hemorrhage, and bacteremia (Dieden et al. 1987). Intravascular devices such as catheters can kink, loop and even knot during insertion. Major complications ...
... Complications involving pulmonary artery (PA) catheterization are varied and include arrhythmias, pneumothorax, intracardiac rupture, pulmonary hemorrhage, and bacteremia (Dieden et al. 1987). Intravascular devices such as catheters can kink, loop and even knot during insertion. Major complications ...
Isolated Hypoplasia of Left Pulmonary Artery with Agenesis of Left
... elevation of the ipsilateral hemidiaphragm, absent ipsilateral and enlarged contralateral pulmonary artery shadow, a right-sided aortic arch and an ipsilateral shift of the mediastinum. Most of these findings were present in the chest X-ray of our case. Definite diagnosis can be made by computed tom ...
... elevation of the ipsilateral hemidiaphragm, absent ipsilateral and enlarged contralateral pulmonary artery shadow, a right-sided aortic arch and an ipsilateral shift of the mediastinum. Most of these findings were present in the chest X-ray of our case. Definite diagnosis can be made by computed tom ...
MohdFaizzFahmiAriaffMFKE2013CHAP1
... that uses automatic devices Non-Invasive Blood Pressure (NIBP) Machine. In auscultatory techniques there two types of manometers are used in this facility, Aneroid and Mercury. Aneroids require annual checks to insure that mechanical wear or shocks haven’t affected readings. Mercury is the “Gold Sta ...
... that uses automatic devices Non-Invasive Blood Pressure (NIBP) Machine. In auscultatory techniques there two types of manometers are used in this facility, Aneroid and Mercury. Aneroids require annual checks to insure that mechanical wear or shocks haven’t affected readings. Mercury is the “Gold Sta ...
File
... Pathway of Blood Through the Heart • Equal volumes of blood pumped to pulmonary and systemic circuits • Pulmonary circuit short, low-pressure circulation • Systemic circuit long, high-friction circulation • Anatomy of ventricles reflects differences – Left ventricle walls 3X thicker than right ...
... Pathway of Blood Through the Heart • Equal volumes of blood pumped to pulmonary and systemic circuits • Pulmonary circuit short, low-pressure circulation • Systemic circuit long, high-friction circulation • Anatomy of ventricles reflects differences – Left ventricle walls 3X thicker than right ...
Ann Thorac Surg
... ventricle are believed to cause progressive ventricular fibrosis by inducing histopathologic changes, which must result in both systolic and diastolic dysfunction. The ventricular EF and cardiac indexes were significantly higher at 5 and 10 years after the Fontan procedure had been completed in youn ...
... ventricle are believed to cause progressive ventricular fibrosis by inducing histopathologic changes, which must result in both systolic and diastolic dysfunction. The ventricular EF and cardiac indexes were significantly higher at 5 and 10 years after the Fontan procedure had been completed in youn ...
Doppler Echocardiography in Advanced Systolic Heart Failure
... Background—Although several studies have demonstrated a good correlation between Doppler echocardiographic and invasive measurements of single hemodynamic variables, the accuracy of echocardiography in providing a comprehensive assessment in individual patients has not been validated. The aim of thi ...
... Background—Although several studies have demonstrated a good correlation between Doppler echocardiographic and invasive measurements of single hemodynamic variables, the accuracy of echocardiography in providing a comprehensive assessment in individual patients has not been validated. The aim of thi ...
Central venous pressure monitoring
... In this procedure, the doctor inserts a catheter through a vein and advances it until its tip lies in or near the right atrium. Because no major valves lie at the junction of the vena cava and right atrium, pressure at end diastole reflects back to the catheter. When connected to a manometer, the ca ...
... In this procedure, the doctor inserts a catheter through a vein and advances it until its tip lies in or near the right atrium. Because no major valves lie at the junction of the vena cava and right atrium, pressure at end diastole reflects back to the catheter. When connected to a manometer, the ca ...
Heart - Dr Magrann
... ability to pump and it causes an irregular heart beat. An irregular heart beat is called arrhythmia. But don’t get this confused with arrhythmia that is caused from a problem with the SA or AV node. The irregular heart beat from cardiac tamponade is caused from fluid entering the pericardial cavity ...
... ability to pump and it causes an irregular heart beat. An irregular heart beat is called arrhythmia. But don’t get this confused with arrhythmia that is caused from a problem with the SA or AV node. The irregular heart beat from cardiac tamponade is caused from fluid entering the pericardial cavity ...
Cardiac malpositions and syndromes with right or left atrial isomerism
... to the Baltimore–Washington Infant Study,1 which analyzed 4390 congenital heart defects (CHDs) detected in the first year of life over a period of 10 years (1981–1989), isomerism was found in 99 cases, accounting for 2.2% of CHDs. The mortality in this small group was 51% within the first year of li ...
... to the Baltimore–Washington Infant Study,1 which analyzed 4390 congenital heart defects (CHDs) detected in the first year of life over a period of 10 years (1981–1989), isomerism was found in 99 cases, accounting for 2.2% of CHDs. The mortality in this small group was 51% within the first year of li ...
Atrial septal defect
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Asd-web.jpg?width=300)
Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital heart defect in which blood flows between the atria (upper chambers) of the heart. Normally, the atria are separated by a dividing wall, the interatrial septum. If this septum is defective or absent, then oxygen-rich blood can flow directly from the left side of the heart to mix with the oxygen-poor blood in the right side of the heart, or vice versa. This can lead to lower-than-normal oxygen levels in the arterial blood that supplies the brain, organs, and tissues. However, an ASD may not produce noticeable signs or symptoms, especially if the defect is small.A ""shunt"" is the presence of a net flow of blood through the defect, either from left to right or right to left. The amount of shunting present, if any, determines the hemodynamic significance of the ASD. A ""right-to-left-shunt"" typically poses the more dangerous scenario.During development of the fetus, the interatrial septum develops to separate the left and right atria. However, a hole in the septum called the foramen ovale, allows blood from the right atrium to enter the left atrium during fetal development. This opening allows blood to bypass the nonfunctional fetal lungs while the fetus obtains its oxygen from the placenta. A layer of tissue called the septum primum acts as a valve over the foramen ovale during fetal development. After birth, the pressure in the right side of the heart drops as the lungs open and begin working, causing the foramen ovale to close entirely. In approximately 25% of adults, the foramen ovale does not entirely seal. In these cases, any elevation of the pressure in the pulmonary circulatory system (due to pulmonary hypertension, temporarily while coughing, etc.) can cause the foramen ovale to remain open. This is known as a patent foramen ovale (PFO), which is a type of atrial septal defect.