§1 In Old English, a noun or a noun phrase inflected for Genitive
... nominals, the next question is what differentiates between a Genitive nominal and non-Genitive nominals such as Nominative, Accusative, and Dative nominals. Despite the commonality between Genitive nominals and non-Genitive nominals, there is a very important difference between them: it is only a G ...
... nominals, the next question is what differentiates between a Genitive nominal and non-Genitive nominals such as Nominative, Accusative, and Dative nominals. Despite the commonality between Genitive nominals and non-Genitive nominals, there is a very important difference between them: it is only a G ...
Rev. 2009 programa Inglés IV marina de guerra
... being in the habit/ custom of. Constrast be used to with used to. Noun Clauses expressing regret with Wish, followed by optional ´that´clause containing a past subjective verb/ modal. 2.1. Presentation and exerceses of adverb clauses. 2.2. Presentation and constrast of the verbs Used to/ be used to. ...
... being in the habit/ custom of. Constrast be used to with used to. Noun Clauses expressing regret with Wish, followed by optional ´that´clause containing a past subjective verb/ modal. 2.1. Presentation and exerceses of adverb clauses. 2.2. Presentation and constrast of the verbs Used to/ be used to. ...
Restrictive and Nonrestrictive Clauses -- Debate
... ideas take hold in those lovely brains of yours. ...
... ideas take hold in those lovely brains of yours. ...
Prepositions for Upper Intermediate students - e
... willows and tree roots, bent the willows deep in the current, cut out the roots of cotton-woods and brought down the trees. The muddy water whirled along the bank sides and crept up the banks until at last it spilled over, into the fields, into the orchards, into the cotton patches where the black s ...
... willows and tree roots, bent the willows deep in the current, cut out the roots of cotton-woods and brought down the trees. The muddy water whirled along the bank sides and crept up the banks until at last it spilled over, into the fields, into the orchards, into the cotton patches where the black s ...
PARALLELISM What, Why, and How?
... (2) Parallelism is used with elements joined by coordinating conjunctions (especially and, but, and or). Example: She likes to look, but not to listen. He wondered who he was and what he was doing. Fix: She is both happy about the raise and she is feeling nervous about the extra responsibility. (3) ...
... (2) Parallelism is used with elements joined by coordinating conjunctions (especially and, but, and or). Example: She likes to look, but not to listen. He wondered who he was and what he was doing. Fix: She is both happy about the raise and she is feeling nervous about the extra responsibility. (3) ...
Syntactic structure and ambiguity in English
... greater generality and esthetic appeal than was originally hoped for. The mechanism of analysis may be characterized as a non-deterministic pushdown store transducer. According to results of Chomsky2 and Evey 4 , the set of all languages that can be either accepted or generated by this class of mach ...
... greater generality and esthetic appeal than was originally hoped for. The mechanism of analysis may be characterized as a non-deterministic pushdown store transducer. According to results of Chomsky2 and Evey 4 , the set of all languages that can be either accepted or generated by this class of mach ...
Errors in the Coalface Grammar - Linguistics and English Language
... The meeting started late, for example, the meeting is Subject, we are describing its relation to the verb; in They started the meeting late, by contrast, the meeting stands in a different relation to the verb and is functioning as Object. A class, on the other hand, is a set of expressions which are ...
... The meeting started late, for example, the meeting is Subject, we are describing its relation to the verb; in They started the meeting late, by contrast, the meeting stands in a different relation to the verb and is functioning as Object. A class, on the other hand, is a set of expressions which are ...
Most - Brookwood High School
... pronoun functioning as the subject of the sentence if the words ‘new drivers’ were not included in the sentence. However, the addition of the words ‘new drivers’ shift most into an adjectival function in the sentence. What does this mean? Most no longer functions as a pronoun taking the place of the ...
... pronoun functioning as the subject of the sentence if the words ‘new drivers’ were not included in the sentence. However, the addition of the words ‘new drivers’ shift most into an adjectival function in the sentence. What does this mean? Most no longer functions as a pronoun taking the place of the ...
The function / category confusion - Linguistics and English Language
... A classic confusion over what ‘adjective’ means, in a dictionary entry where adjective is wrongly analysed as an adjective! ...
... A classic confusion over what ‘adjective’ means, in a dictionary entry where adjective is wrongly analysed as an adjective! ...
Structure of Complementation
... My interest in your proposal The professor's study of refugees The lecturer's insistence on punctuality His assertion that linguistics is fun Their claim that linguistics is hard ...
... My interest in your proposal The professor's study of refugees The lecturer's insistence on punctuality His assertion that linguistics is fun Their claim that linguistics is hard ...
Adjectives and Adverbs. In Language 86
... Typically, adverbs and adjectives occur in sentences as nonarguments. They appear to be less syntactically restricted than other parts of the clause (at least in languages like English). For instance, they can occur in various positions in sentences. Yet, if several adjectives/adverbs occur together ...
... Typically, adverbs and adjectives occur in sentences as nonarguments. They appear to be less syntactically restricted than other parts of the clause (at least in languages like English). For instance, they can occur in various positions in sentences. Yet, if several adjectives/adverbs occur together ...
Daily Edit Week 36 May 14-18 Language Arts Horizonte Monday
... An indirect object is really a prepositional phrase in which the preposition to or for is not stated but understood. The indirect object always comes between the verb and the direct object in the sentence. For example: She gave me a gift.---me is the indirect object, indicates WHO it was given to; s ...
... An indirect object is really a prepositional phrase in which the preposition to or for is not stated but understood. The indirect object always comes between the verb and the direct object in the sentence. For example: She gave me a gift.---me is the indirect object, indicates WHO it was given to; s ...
Distributional Properties and Endocentricity of English Gerunds
... The argument-taking properties nominal gerunds can be dealt with in the same way as the usual derived event nouns like criticism; destruction, donation, etc are analyzed. Within this approach the derived gerund nominals are simply argument-taking nouns. 4. Distributional Properties of Gerund Phrases ...
... The argument-taking properties nominal gerunds can be dealt with in the same way as the usual derived event nouns like criticism; destruction, donation, etc are analyzed. Within this approach the derived gerund nominals are simply argument-taking nouns. 4. Distributional Properties of Gerund Phrases ...
an aspect of representing the three basic syntactical units
... Зборник радова Филозофског факултета XLII (2)/2012 Running a marathon in the summer is thirsty work. I am planning to buy a house next month. ...
... Зборник радова Филозофског факултета XLII (2)/2012 Running a marathon in the summer is thirsty work. I am planning to buy a house next month. ...
Writing That Works
... Alter or change C Consensus off opinion Each and every Few in number Free and clear Necessary and important Visible to the eye Last and final ...
... Alter or change C Consensus off opinion Each and every Few in number Free and clear Necessary and important Visible to the eye Last and final ...
Gerunds - Humble ISD
... The infinitive phrase functions as the direct object of the verb wanted. Carol (actor or "subject" of infinitive phrase) to be (infinitive) the captain (subject complement for Carol, via state of being expressed in infinitive) of the team (prepositional phrase as adjective) Actors: In these last two ...
... The infinitive phrase functions as the direct object of the verb wanted. Carol (actor or "subject" of infinitive phrase) to be (infinitive) the captain (subject complement for Carol, via state of being expressed in infinitive) of the team (prepositional phrase as adjective) Actors: In these last two ...
event orientated adnominals and compositionality
... This postulation of an event argument elegantly accounts for the possibility of event-orientated adnominals and for their close relation with the corresponding adverbial modification. Nevertheless, we argue that there is a fundamental problem with this proposal that undermines the compositional sema ...
... This postulation of an event argument elegantly accounts for the possibility of event-orientated adnominals and for their close relation with the corresponding adverbial modification. Nevertheless, we argue that there is a fundamental problem with this proposal that undermines the compositional sema ...
The Meaning of Syntactic Dependencies
... syntactic dependency like subj can be the function denoted by the following syntactic pattern: "NOUN + subj + VERB". Intuitively, when one of the two syntactic categories linked by the dependency is elaborated by a lexical unit, then we obtain a more specific pattern. This is what we call a "lexico- ...
... syntactic dependency like subj can be the function denoted by the following syntactic pattern: "NOUN + subj + VERB". Intuitively, when one of the two syntactic categories linked by the dependency is elaborated by a lexical unit, then we obtain a more specific pattern. This is what we call a "lexico- ...
Modifiers - Binus Repository
... 4. Some adverbs—such as never, soon, and always—are not based on adjectives at all and have their own special forms: The injured child never cried. She will soon be walking again. ...
... 4. Some adverbs—such as never, soon, and always—are not based on adjectives at all and have their own special forms: The injured child never cried. She will soon be walking again. ...
Discontinuous phrases in dependency grammar
... without recognising them. But now they are in place, we can exploit them in the search for a more suitable replacement for the Projectivity Principle. I shall illustrate the discussion with examples of subject-to-subject raising, as in It is raining. We have to justify three dependency relations: it ...
... without recognising them. But now they are in place, we can exploit them in the search for a more suitable replacement for the Projectivity Principle. I shall illustrate the discussion with examples of subject-to-subject raising, as in It is raining. We have to justify three dependency relations: it ...
English in relation to grammar
... understanding that a simple sentence expresses a single idea, represented grammatically by a single independent clause (for example 'A kangaroo tiger is a mammal.’ or ‘A mammal suckles its young' Incorrect example in the content elaborations ‘noting how writers often leave out words substitute a gen ...
... understanding that a simple sentence expresses a single idea, represented grammatically by a single independent clause (for example 'A kangaroo tiger is a mammal.’ or ‘A mammal suckles its young' Incorrect example in the content elaborations ‘noting how writers often leave out words substitute a gen ...
pages 561–577 - Stanford University
... or local), there is a feature path terminating with CONTENT|RESTIND|INDEX leading to a substructure of type index, which in turn bears a set of features usually called agreement features (usually, PERSON, NUMBER, GENDER). This is the case no matter whether the index-bearing element is a QNP (e.g. ev ...
... or local), there is a feature path terminating with CONTENT|RESTIND|INDEX leading to a substructure of type index, which in turn bears a set of features usually called agreement features (usually, PERSON, NUMBER, GENDER). This is the case no matter whether the index-bearing element is a QNP (e.g. ev ...
Interrogating possessive have: a case study
... got is mentioned as a possessive construction, with a note that it is “more often used instead of the present tense of have when talking about possession” (Hands & Berry 2011: 151). In the late American generative linguist James D. McCawley’s famous handbook titled The Major Syntactic Phenomena of E ...
... got is mentioned as a possessive construction, with a note that it is “more often used instead of the present tense of have when talking about possession” (Hands & Berry 2011: 151). In the late American generative linguist James D. McCawley’s famous handbook titled The Major Syntactic Phenomena of E ...
Notes : Prepositions
... The following slides are simply for practice. Copies are not included in the students’ ...
... The following slides are simply for practice. Copies are not included in the students’ ...
Determiner phrase
In linguistics, a determiner phrase (DP) is a type of phrase posited by some theories of syntax. The head of a DP is a determiner, as opposed to a noun. For example in the phrase the car, the is a determiner and car is a noun; the two combine to form a phrase, and on the DP-analysis, the determiner the is head over the noun car. The existence of DPs is a controversial issue in the study of syntax. The traditional analysis of phrases such as the car is that the noun is the head, which means the phrase is a noun phrase (NP), not a determiner phrase. Beginning in the mid 1980s, an alternative analysis arose that posits the determiner as the head, which makes the phrase a DP instead of an NP.The DP-analysis of phrases such as the car is the majority view in generative grammar today (Government and Binding and Minimalist Program), but is a minority stance in the study of syntax and grammar in general. Most frameworks outside of generative grammar continue to assume the traditional NP analysis of noun phrases. For instance, representational phrase structure grammars assume NP, e.g. Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar, and most dependency grammars such as Meaning-Text Theory, Functional Generative Description, Lexicase Grammar also assume the traditional NP-analysis of noun phrases, Word Grammar being the one exception. Construction Grammar and Role and Reference Grammar also assume NP instead of DP. Furthermore, the DP-analysis does not reach into the teaching of grammar in schools in the English-speaking world, and certainly not in the non-English-speaking world. Since the existence of DPs is a controversial issue that splits the syntax community into two camps (DP vs. NP), this article strives to accommodate both views. Some arguments supporting/refuting both analyses are considered.