The Pieces of Morphology
... It’s somehow intuitive to think that knowing a language involves knowing the words of the language. Linguists that start with this notion quickly get into trouble by not being clear about what a “word” is such that a speaker might know it or what “know” is such that a speaker might “know” a word. Wh ...
... It’s somehow intuitive to think that knowing a language involves knowing the words of the language. Linguists that start with this notion quickly get into trouble by not being clear about what a “word” is such that a speaker might know it or what “know” is such that a speaker might “know” a word. Wh ...
A Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammar for English
... e l e m e n t a r y t r e e s . Each elementary tree is constrained to have at least one terminal symbol which acts as its anchor. The trees in I are called initial trees. Initial trees represent minimal linguistic structures which are defined to have a t least one terminal at the frontier (the anch ...
... e l e m e n t a r y t r e e s . Each elementary tree is constrained to have at least one terminal symbol which acts as its anchor. The trees in I are called initial trees. Initial trees represent minimal linguistic structures which are defined to have a t least one terminal at the frontier (the anch ...
trandabat
... themselves, together, each other, jointly, both; ARGM-NEG is used for elements such as not, n’t, never, no longer; Only one core argument type is allowed for a specific predicate (only one Arg0 - Arg4); In general, if an argument satisfies two core roles, the highest available ranked argument label ...
... themselves, together, each other, jointly, both; ARGM-NEG is used for elements such as not, n’t, never, no longer; Only one core argument type is allowed for a specific predicate (only one Arg0 - Arg4); In general, if an argument satisfies two core roles, the highest available ranked argument label ...
Prosody Drives the Syntax: O`odham Rhythm
... Tohono O'odham (TO; formerly Papago) is a Uto-Aztecan language spoken in southern Arizona. It is a language with free word order, although there are some constraints on where certain elements may or may not appear. The two restrictions relevant for this paper are those placed on the g determiner and ...
... Tohono O'odham (TO; formerly Papago) is a Uto-Aztecan language spoken in southern Arizona. It is a language with free word order, although there are some constraints on where certain elements may or may not appear. The two restrictions relevant for this paper are those placed on the g determiner and ...
feature licensing, morphological words, and phonological domains
... phonological processes may be specified to apply. VA would be one such process, specified to apply between two elements contained in the same morphological word. This hypothesis derives the descriptive observation that lexical heads are never affected by VA, since they form independent m-words. Perh ...
... phonological processes may be specified to apply. VA would be one such process, specified to apply between two elements contained in the same morphological word. This hypothesis derives the descriptive observation that lexical heads are never affected by VA, since they form independent m-words. Perh ...
cisc882 Context Free
... particular): approach in which a linguistic theory enumerates all possible strings/structures in a language (=competence) • Chomskyan theories do not really use formal devices – they use CFG + informally defined transformations ...
... particular): approach in which a linguistic theory enumerates all possible strings/structures in a language (=competence) • Chomskyan theories do not really use formal devices – they use CFG + informally defined transformations ...
Intonation - UCLA Linguistics
... weak syllables), the syllable, and the mora. However, in this article we will focus on the prosodic constituents above the word level, since prosodic constituents below the word level are not directly related to intonation. Experiments have shown that prosodic constituency and the hierarchical struc ...
... weak syllables), the syllable, and the mora. However, in this article we will focus on the prosodic constituents above the word level, since prosodic constituents below the word level are not directly related to intonation. Experiments have shown that prosodic constituency and the hierarchical struc ...
Lecture slides - CSE, IIT Bombay
... – Should be able to generate an infinite set of grammatical sentences of the language – Should not generate any ungrammatical ones – Should be able to account for ambiguities – If two sentences are understood to have same meaning, the grammar should give the same structure for both at some level – I ...
... – Should be able to generate an infinite set of grammatical sentences of the language – Should not generate any ungrammatical ones – Should be able to account for ambiguities – If two sentences are understood to have same meaning, the grammar should give the same structure for both at some level – I ...
An Incremental Procedural Grammar for Sentence Formulation
... basic because they are implied by the previous ones. We have assumed that the order of conceptual fragments delivered by the conceptualizer does not depend on the order of the corresponding syntactic fragments. With the possible exception of languages with extremely flexible word order, grammar rule ...
... basic because they are implied by the previous ones. We have assumed that the order of conceptual fragments delivered by the conceptualizer does not depend on the order of the corresponding syntactic fragments. With the possible exception of languages with extremely flexible word order, grammar rule ...
An Incremental Proceduml Grammar for Sentence Formulation GERARD KEMPEN
... basic because they are implied by the previous ones. We have assumed that the order of conceptual fragments delivered by the conceptualizer does not depend on the order of the corresponding syntactic fragments. With the possible exception of languages with extremely flexible word order, grammar rule ...
... basic because they are implied by the previous ones. We have assumed that the order of conceptual fragments delivered by the conceptualizer does not depend on the order of the corresponding syntactic fragments. With the possible exception of languages with extremely flexible word order, grammar rule ...
Pronominal clitic dependencies
... grammatical function. The observation itself does not challenge whether complementarity between the clitic and the argument it stands for holds. However, an analysis of these facts claiming that the doubled DP "occupies" XP* would (and would thus appear incompatible with a movement analysis). It is ...
... grammatical function. The observation itself does not challenge whether complementarity between the clitic and the argument it stands for holds. However, an analysis of these facts claiming that the doubled DP "occupies" XP* would (and would thus appear incompatible with a movement analysis). It is ...
as a PDF
... Also, methods have been developed to combine the output of several taggers in order to improve overall results of POS tagging (Borin, 2000; van Halteren et al., 1998). In the current framework, errors of morpho-syntactic annotation are reduced along these lines by following a taggingby-committee str ...
... Also, methods have been developed to combine the output of several taggers in order to improve overall results of POS tagging (Borin, 2000; van Halteren et al., 1998). In the current framework, errors of morpho-syntactic annotation are reduced along these lines by following a taggingby-committee str ...
Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational
... useful closed class word information while ignoring linguistic decisions less relevant to users, and by not representing less used material about linguistic features such as tense and agreement. The SD scheme thus provides a semantic representation simple and natural enough for people who are not (c ...
... useful closed class word information while ignoring linguistic decisions less relevant to users, and by not representing less used material about linguistic features such as tense and agreement. The SD scheme thus provides a semantic representation simple and natural enough for people who are not (c ...
Semantics and Pragmatics - School of Computer Science, University
... informative about the gender (assuming it does refer to the boss). • “The Smiths came dinner. He’s a cook and she’s an architect.” The mention of a man and a woman is only implicit, and indeed partly constituted by the he and she, which are thus somewhat informative. In other circumstances The Smith ...
... informative about the gender (assuming it does refer to the boss). • “The Smiths came dinner. He’s a cook and she’s an architect.” The mention of a man and a woman is only implicit, and indeed partly constituted by the he and she, which are thus somewhat informative. In other circumstances The Smith ...
Version 1 - Rutgers Optimality Archive
... Table 1: Wh-fronting vs. wh-in-situ languages As can easily be seen from Table 1, whether a language is of the whin-situ or the wh-fronting type is a matter of the relative ranking of the two constraints. Wh-fronting is then ill-formed in in-situ languages and wh-in-situ is ill-formed in fronting la ...
... Table 1: Wh-fronting vs. wh-in-situ languages As can easily be seen from Table 1, whether a language is of the whin-situ or the wh-fronting type is a matter of the relative ranking of the two constraints. Wh-fronting is then ill-formed in in-situ languages and wh-in-situ is ill-formed in fronting la ...
Towards the Extraction of
... The genus may consist of a set of prepositional phrases after the initial noun phrase. The differentia may be introduced by subordinated sentences composed by noun, adjective and prepositional phrases. Quotation marks are one of the most common typographical features. Authoring references usually ac ...
... The genus may consist of a set of prepositional phrases after the initial noun phrase. The differentia may be introduced by subordinated sentences composed by noun, adjective and prepositional phrases. Quotation marks are one of the most common typographical features. Authoring references usually ac ...
Cognitive linguistics and language structure
... Assumption as other cognitive theories. Moreover, it has been heavily influenced by the work of other cognitive linguists, such as Lakoff’s work (mentioned earlier) on prototypes, Langacker’s analyses of construal in languages such as Cora (Casad and Langacker 1985), Fillmore’s analyses of English l ...
... Assumption as other cognitive theories. Moreover, it has been heavily influenced by the work of other cognitive linguists, such as Lakoff’s work (mentioned earlier) on prototypes, Langacker’s analyses of construal in languages such as Cora (Casad and Langacker 1985), Fillmore’s analyses of English l ...
Automatic Extraction of Cause-Effect Relations in Natural Language Text
... In this case, the words (pollution and cars) connected by the cue pattern (from) are in a causal relation while in the following sentence the from pattern doesn’t evoke the same type of relation: “A man from Oxford with leprosy was cured by the water.” Although most of the existing approaches for d ...
... In this case, the words (pollution and cars) connected by the cue pattern (from) are in a causal relation while in the following sentence the from pattern doesn’t evoke the same type of relation: “A man from Oxford with leprosy was cured by the water.” Although most of the existing approaches for d ...
Child language acquisition: Why Universal Grammar doesn*t help
... analysis (the prosodic bootstrapping account, discussed below, is a possible exception). For example, as Yang (2008: 206) notes “[Chomsky’s] LSLT [Logical Structure of Linguistic Theory] program explicitly advocates a probabilistic approach to words and categories ‘through the analysis of clustering ...
... analysis (the prosodic bootstrapping account, discussed below, is a possible exception). For example, as Yang (2008: 206) notes “[Chomsky’s] LSLT [Logical Structure of Linguistic Theory] program explicitly advocates a probabilistic approach to words and categories ‘through the analysis of clustering ...
Prosody
... Some points to consider when assessing prosody: When assessing accentuation, and prosody in general, it is necessary simultaneously to take account of other levels of linguistic organization, such as grammar and lexis (example on: using correct words but wrong accentuation, incorrect words & appro ...
... Some points to consider when assessing prosody: When assessing accentuation, and prosody in general, it is necessary simultaneously to take account of other levels of linguistic organization, such as grammar and lexis (example on: using correct words but wrong accentuation, incorrect words & appro ...
Learning Syntax — A Neurocogitive Approach
... introduced into English: the mother of all battles. It arose from a statement of Saddam Hussein, or rather from the English translation of his statement, which in Arabic was less colorful. It only took that one statement, heard perhaps once or a very few times by Americans in newscasts over the next ...
... introduced into English: the mother of all battles. It arose from a statement of Saddam Hussein, or rather from the English translation of his statement, which in Arabic was less colorful. It only took that one statement, heard perhaps once or a very few times by Americans in newscasts over the next ...
Words
... It’s somehow intuitive to think that knowing a language involves knowing the words of the language. Linguists that start with this notion quickly get into trouble by not being clear about what a “word” is such that a speaker might know it or what “know” is such that a speaker might “know” a word. Wh ...
... It’s somehow intuitive to think that knowing a language involves knowing the words of the language. Linguists that start with this notion quickly get into trouble by not being clear about what a “word” is such that a speaker might know it or what “know” is such that a speaker might “know” a word. Wh ...
Syntax 1
... • Basic ideas related to syntax • Contituency Groups of words may behave as a single unit or phrase: a constituent. Exemple: Noun phrase • Grammatical relations Formalization of ideas from traditional grammar. Example: subject and object • Subcategorization and dependency relations Relations between ...
... • Basic ideas related to syntax • Contituency Groups of words may behave as a single unit or phrase: a constituent. Exemple: Noun phrase • Grammatical relations Formalization of ideas from traditional grammar. Example: subject and object • Subcategorization and dependency relations Relations between ...
View/Open - Queen Mary University of London
... softable or redance, which violate either lexical category or argument structure restrictions on affixation. Such restrictions can be very easily described in terms of rules or constraints on affixation: “-able can only attach to a verb stem”, “rerequires a verbal stem with an internal argument”, et ...
... softable or redance, which violate either lexical category or argument structure restrictions on affixation. Such restrictions can be very easily described in terms of rules or constraints on affixation: “-able can only attach to a verb stem”, “rerequires a verbal stem with an internal argument”, et ...
Dependency grammar
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Dependency grammar (DG) is a class of modern syntactic theories that are all based on the dependency relation (as opposed to the constituency relation) and that can be traced back primarily to the work of Lucien Tesnière. Dependency is the notion that linguistic units, e.g. words, are connected to each other by directed links. The (finite) verb is taken to be the structural center of clause structure. All other syntactic units (words) are either directly or indirectly connected to the verb in terms of the directed links, which are called dependencies. DGs are distinct from phrase structure grammars (constituency grammars), since DGs lack phrasal nodes - although they acknowledge phrases. Structure is determined by the relation between a word (a head) and its dependents. Dependency structures are flatter than constituency structures in part because they lack a finite verb phrase constituent, and they are thus well suited for the analysis of languages with free word order, such as Czech, Turkish, and Warlpiri.