the morphology-syntax interface - University of the Basque Country
... inventory of lexical items, with their (idiosyncratic) phonetic, semantic, and syntactic properties. Morphological processes in Aspects were taken care of by standard syntactic and phonological rules. Lexical items were specified for inherent and noninherent features: e.g. German nouns were inherent ...
... inventory of lexical items, with their (idiosyncratic) phonetic, semantic, and syntactic properties. Morphological processes in Aspects were taken care of by standard syntactic and phonological rules. Lexical items were specified for inherent and noninherent features: e.g. German nouns were inherent ...
n - itk.ilstu.edu
... – Analysis: Determining the information content of the string. • Syntactic interpretation (parsing): Find correct parse tree showing the phrase structure • Semantic interpretation: Extract (literal) meaning of the string in some representation, e.g. FOPC. • Pragmatic interpretation: Consider effect ...
... – Analysis: Determining the information content of the string. • Syntactic interpretation (parsing): Find correct parse tree showing the phrase structure • Semantic interpretation: Extract (literal) meaning of the string in some representation, e.g. FOPC. • Pragmatic interpretation: Consider effect ...
61 tomo santraukos - Lietuvių kalbos institutas
... predicative verbʼs need foe complementation results not from its lexical meaning but from the lack of such a meaning, its syntactic frame (or argument structure) cannot be predicted from verbal semantics. In other words, a semantically deficient verb cannot betreated as a semantic functor. The depen ...
... predicative verbʼs need foe complementation results not from its lexical meaning but from the lack of such a meaning, its syntactic frame (or argument structure) cannot be predicted from verbal semantics. In other words, a semantically deficient verb cannot betreated as a semantic functor. The depen ...
Dependency Parsing with an Extended Finite
... for filtering them. We then describe the parser and its operational aspects, with details on how linguistically motivated constraints for further filtering are implemented. We briefly provide a scheme for a robust-parsing extension of our approach using the lenient composition operation. We then pro ...
... for filtering them. We then describe the parser and its operational aspects, with details on how linguistically motivated constraints for further filtering are implemented. We briefly provide a scheme for a robust-parsing extension of our approach using the lenient composition operation. We then pro ...
THE SYNTAX-SEMANTICS INTERFACE
... If the syntactic and semantic recursion are as closely related as we claim, an important question is the semantic equivalent of syntactic constituent formation. In other words, what processes can derive the interpretation of a syntactically complex phrase from the interpretation of its parts. Specif ...
... If the syntactic and semantic recursion are as closely related as we claim, an important question is the semantic equivalent of syntactic constituent formation. In other words, what processes can derive the interpretation of a syntactically complex phrase from the interpretation of its parts. Specif ...
3011800000628
... on words as units would have to refer to information encoded at arbitrary positions in words, making the task of the grammar writer much harder. On the other hand, treating morphemes as units in the grammar level implies that the grammar will have to know about morphotactics making either the morpho ...
... on words as units would have to refer to information encoded at arbitrary positions in words, making the task of the grammar writer much harder. On the other hand, treating morphemes as units in the grammar level implies that the grammar will have to know about morphotactics making either the morpho ...
Rule-Based Detection of Clausal Coordinate Ellipsis
... model in a treebank or a parsebank. In this article, we focus particularly on the first problem, detecting the phenomenon automatically, but we also define an annotation scheme for the coordinated elliptical clause type in focus: GAPPING. In gapping, two clauses are coordinated so that the posterior ...
... model in a treebank or a parsebank. In this article, we focus particularly on the first problem, detecting the phenomenon automatically, but we also define an annotation scheme for the coordinated elliptical clause type in focus: GAPPING. In gapping, two clauses are coordinated so that the posterior ...
Lecture 2: Phrase Structure
... Chomsky’s aim was to demonstrate what is wrong with the constituent structure approach ...
... Chomsky’s aim was to demonstrate what is wrong with the constituent structure approach ...
docx - University of Liverpool
... morpheme is a flag to which category. For example, the knowledge that DETERMINERs (the, a) flag NOUN PHRASEs could be innately specified; but this raises the problem of how children know that the and a are determiners. Mintz’s (2003: 112) frequent frames hypothesis is essentially a distributionallea ...
... morpheme is a flag to which category. For example, the knowledge that DETERMINERs (the, a) flag NOUN PHRASEs could be innately specified; but this raises the problem of how children know that the and a are determiners. Mintz’s (2003: 112) frequent frames hypothesis is essentially a distributionallea ...
Unidirectional flexibility and the noun–verb distinction
... Indo-European system distinguish four major “contentive” classes (noun, verb, adjective, and adverb), it is not uncommon for languages to distinguish fewer. In many such cases, a language with a reduced parts-of-speech inventory conflates two or more major classes, creating a flexible part of speech ...
... Indo-European system distinguish four major “contentive” classes (noun, verb, adjective, and adverb), it is not uncommon for languages to distinguish fewer. In many such cases, a language with a reduced parts-of-speech inventory conflates two or more major classes, creating a flexible part of speech ...
1 - NELS 2016 @ UMass Amherst
... If such a role of šken in Mari is grammaticalized, it can be encoded in the C-domain (Bianchi 2001; Delfitto and Fiorin 2011). Given this, it is quite plausible that the contextual restriction on the domain of the proxy-relation introduced by šken is in fact encoded in the left periphery. I follow D ...
... If such a role of šken in Mari is grammaticalized, it can be encoded in the C-domain (Bianchi 2001; Delfitto and Fiorin 2011). Given this, it is quite plausible that the contextual restriction on the domain of the proxy-relation introduced by šken is in fact encoded in the left periphery. I follow D ...
DESIGNING SYNTACTIC REPRESENTATIONS FOR NLP: AN
... packaging syntactic information have consequences for goals such as representing linguistic properties, training statistical parsers, and sourcing features for information extraction. The focus of these investigations is the design of Universal Dependencies (UD), a multilingual syntactic representat ...
... packaging syntactic information have consequences for goals such as representing linguistic properties, training statistical parsers, and sourcing features for information extraction. The focus of these investigations is the design of Universal Dependencies (UD), a multilingual syntactic representat ...
Syntactic structure and ambiguity in English
... context-free languages even of greatly restricted generality (Chomsky and Schützenberger3, Greibach7). i.e., no general algorithm can be found for determining whether or not a given dpa (psg) will analyze (generate) some sentence in more than one way. The outlook for practically interesting decidabl ...
... context-free languages even of greatly restricted generality (Chomsky and Schützenberger3, Greibach7). i.e., no general algorithm can be found for determining whether or not a given dpa (psg) will analyze (generate) some sentence in more than one way. The outlook for practically interesting decidabl ...
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study Language
... and spoken language. In other words, people need to know how words to put together to make phrases then clauses until sentences which is called as syntax. Syntax is the part of linguistic knowledge which concerns in sentences’ structure. People need to study syntax to convey messages in phrases or s ...
... and spoken language. In other words, people need to know how words to put together to make phrases then clauses until sentences which is called as syntax. Syntax is the part of linguistic knowledge which concerns in sentences’ structure. People need to study syntax to convey messages in phrases or s ...
Glossary (.PDF format) - University of Arizona
... Embedded Clause/Subordinate Clause: A clause inside of another. Exhaustive Domination: Node A exhaustively dominates a set of terminal nodes {B, C, ... , D}, provided it dominates all the members of the set (so that there is no member of the set that is not dominated by A) and there is no terminal n ...
... Embedded Clause/Subordinate Clause: A clause inside of another. Exhaustive Domination: Node A exhaustively dominates a set of terminal nodes {B, C, ... , D}, provided it dominates all the members of the set (so that there is no member of the set that is not dominated by A) and there is no terminal n ...
Meaning representation, semantic analysis, and lexical semantics
... – It is a specification of a conceptualization of a knowledge domain – It is a controlled vocabulary that describes objects and the relations between them in a formal way, and has strict rules about how to specify terms and relationships. ...
... – It is a specification of a conceptualization of a knowledge domain – It is a controlled vocabulary that describes objects and the relations between them in a formal way, and has strict rules about how to specify terms and relationships. ...
Lexical Functional Grammar
... LFG by the regular interaction of lexical processes. Bresnan shows that some of the classic arguments for syntactic transformations do not, in fact, distinguish between a transformational and a lexical account of the regularities. In Bresnan 1982b, she argues that the lexical account of passivizatio ...
... LFG by the regular interaction of lexical processes. Bresnan shows that some of the classic arguments for syntactic transformations do not, in fact, distinguish between a transformational and a lexical account of the regularities. In Bresnan 1982b, she argues that the lexical account of passivizatio ...
Amanda Pounder
... whose completion is based on the structure of the final conjunct. In these cases, the complete form is final in the conjunct. Data presented for German in Section 2 will reveal further possibilities and point out some language-specific constraints. Before proceeding further, let us now give names to ...
... whose completion is based on the structure of the final conjunct. In these cases, the complete form is final in the conjunct. Data presented for German in Section 2 will reveal further possibilities and point out some language-specific constraints. Before proceeding further, let us now give names to ...
BROKEN FORMS IN MORPHOLOGY
... familiar, but is preferable due to the wide range of phenomena to which “ellipsis” is applied in modern linguistics and to their original meanings in Greek rhetoric, whereby “ellipsis” is used where the missing material is recovered pragmatically and “brachylogy” where it is recovered structurally, ...
... familiar, but is preferable due to the wide range of phenomena to which “ellipsis” is applied in modern linguistics and to their original meanings in Greek rhetoric, whereby “ellipsis” is used where the missing material is recovered pragmatically and “brachylogy” where it is recovered structurally, ...
ppt file
... Constraints and limitations any string has a node of its own word-form, punctuation mark, etc. AuxV, AuxP, AuxC, AuxX, AuxG… reflecting the coordination and apposition relations so called third dimension of the graph in the plain tree (X_Co, X_Ap, X_Pa, where X is one of analytic functions, ...
... Constraints and limitations any string has a node of its own word-form, punctuation mark, etc. AuxV, AuxP, AuxC, AuxX, AuxG… reflecting the coordination and apposition relations so called third dimension of the graph in the plain tree (X_Co, X_Ap, X_Pa, where X is one of analytic functions, ...
What is Syntax? - Columbia University
... – Adjuncts can occur before and after VP, but not in VP (He often eats beans, *he eats often beans ) • NB: VP cannot be represented in a dependency representation ...
... – Adjuncts can occur before and after VP, but not in VP (He often eats beans, *he eats often beans ) • NB: VP cannot be represented in a dependency representation ...
Bare nominals, true and fake vocatives Romance
... from a semantic perspective is that they denote properties, either properties of kinds of individuals or properties of individual objects (when Number is present). By contrast, bare nominals in true vocatives, either in singular or in plural (see (2a,b)), have the additional restriction that they de ...
... from a semantic perspective is that they denote properties, either properties of kinds of individuals or properties of individual objects (when Number is present). By contrast, bare nominals in true vocatives, either in singular or in plural (see (2a,b)), have the additional restriction that they de ...
1 Construction Morphology and the Parallel Architecture of grammar
... Next, we will consider the interface between morphological form and meaning. The circled part of figure (6) indicates which connection we are dealing with: ...
... Next, we will consider the interface between morphological form and meaning. The circled part of figure (6) indicates which connection we are dealing with: ...
Introduction to Computational Linguistics Context Free Grammars
... Machine Translation Typically, detailed syntactic analysis is taken to be a prerequisite for detailed semantic interpretation. ...
... Machine Translation Typically, detailed syntactic analysis is taken to be a prerequisite for detailed semantic interpretation. ...
Document
... In the construction de-cipher cipher is the stem and de- a prefix; it is clearly the stem whose meaning is more concrete and specific, and in this sense more “important”. Nonetheless, it is the prefix which determines the grammatical character of the whole, and which is therefore its head: cipher is ...
... In the construction de-cipher cipher is the stem and de- a prefix; it is clearly the stem whose meaning is more concrete and specific, and in this sense more “important”. Nonetheless, it is the prefix which determines the grammatical character of the whole, and which is therefore its head: cipher is ...
Dependency grammar
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Dependency grammar (DG) is a class of modern syntactic theories that are all based on the dependency relation (as opposed to the constituency relation) and that can be traced back primarily to the work of Lucien Tesnière. Dependency is the notion that linguistic units, e.g. words, are connected to each other by directed links. The (finite) verb is taken to be the structural center of clause structure. All other syntactic units (words) are either directly or indirectly connected to the verb in terms of the directed links, which are called dependencies. DGs are distinct from phrase structure grammars (constituency grammars), since DGs lack phrasal nodes - although they acknowledge phrases. Structure is determined by the relation between a word (a head) and its dependents. Dependency structures are flatter than constituency structures in part because they lack a finite verb phrase constituent, and they are thus well suited for the analysis of languages with free word order, such as Czech, Turkish, and Warlpiri.