On how to write rules in Constraint Grammar (CG-3) Eckhard Bick
... (coordinated) @P< arguments to the same preposition SETCHILD (PRP) TO (*1 @P< OR @ICL-P<) ; #will attach only one (the first) possible argument to the preposition ...
... (coordinated) @P< arguments to the same preposition SETCHILD (PRP) TO (*1 @P< OR @ICL-P<) ; #will attach only one (the first) possible argument to the preposition ...
Constituent Structure - Middle East Technical University
... If there is a class whose prototypical members include most of the basic terms for volitional actions (run, dance, eat), we would label that class VERB. The grammatical criteria used to determine word classes are diagnostic features rather than definitions. E.g. In English, not all adjectives can t ...
... If there is a class whose prototypical members include most of the basic terms for volitional actions (run, dance, eat), we would label that class VERB. The grammatical criteria used to determine word classes are diagnostic features rather than definitions. E.g. In English, not all adjectives can t ...
Basic Syntactic Notions (Handout 1, BA seminar English Syntax
... Examples of prepositional phrases (PPs), illustrating the three main types: spatial PPs (expressing places or directions, as in (a,b)), temporal PPs (expressing times, (c,d)) and other PPs expressing more abstract meanings (e,f): (21) a. [PP near [NP the fireplace]] b. [PP towards [NP the building ...
... Examples of prepositional phrases (PPs), illustrating the three main types: spatial PPs (expressing places or directions, as in (a,b)), temporal PPs (expressing times, (c,d)) and other PPs expressing more abstract meanings (e,f): (21) a. [PP near [NP the fireplace]] b. [PP towards [NP the building ...
Multimedia for grammar and spelling instruction
... One might hope that, before long, solving such spelling problems can be delegated to sophisticated spelling and grammar checkers in powerful word processing systems. However, for many years to come, the sentence analysis components in these programs will have to rely on lexical, morphological and sy ...
... One might hope that, before long, solving such spelling problems can be delegated to sophisticated spelling and grammar checkers in powerful word processing systems. However, for many years to come, the sentence analysis components in these programs will have to rely on lexical, morphological and sy ...
Phrase Structure Trees
... constituent V and NP, PreP o the PrepP consists of the syntactic constituent nodes Prep and NP o finally, each of these smaller syntactic constituents consists of the words found, the, puppy, in, the, garden o thus, since in the garden can be traced up the tree to a PrepP, this constituent is a Prep ...
... constituent V and NP, PreP o the PrepP consists of the syntactic constituent nodes Prep and NP o finally, each of these smaller syntactic constituents consists of the words found, the, puppy, in, the, garden o thus, since in the garden can be traced up the tree to a PrepP, this constituent is a Prep ...
Context Free Grammars
... more sophisticated applications that require some form of understanding, we need to be able to determine larger structures and to make decisions based on information that may be further away than we can capture in any fixed window. Here are some properties of language that we would like to be able t ...
... more sophisticated applications that require some form of understanding, we need to be able to determine larger structures and to make decisions based on information that may be further away than we can capture in any fixed window. Here are some properties of language that we would like to be able t ...
Algebraic Representation of Syntagmatic Structures
... first word) is the independent (head, governing) member of the syntagme, and X (the second word) is the dependent (non-head) member. In syntagmatic notation, the words can be, for clearness, separated by a blank character: (X X). Indeed, the dependent member X contains a sign of determination use ...
... first word) is the independent (head, governing) member of the syntagme, and X (the second word) is the dependent (non-head) member. In syntagmatic notation, the words can be, for clearness, separated by a blank character: (X X). Indeed, the dependent member X contains a sign of determination use ...
APPLICATION OF FINITE-STATE TRANSDUCERS TO THE
... automaton in Figure 3, which shows an example where there are several arcs giving NPs3, while some others cannot be analyzed (they have been simplified in the picture, marked as "other"). This kind of unanalyzed element are relatively frequent and correspond to punctuation marks, unknown words or po ...
... automaton in Figure 3, which shows an example where there are several arcs giving NPs3, while some others cannot be analyzed (they have been simplified in the picture, marked as "other"). This kind of unanalyzed element are relatively frequent and correspond to punctuation marks, unknown words or po ...
Abstract
... where the word order is flexible. This is the case for Latin and Russian but not for English and Swedish. The rules can be helpful in translations or just for understanding the language. Every word in a sentence is the dependent of one head with one exception. This exception is the head of the sente ...
... where the word order is flexible. This is the case for Latin and Russian but not for English and Swedish. The rules can be helpful in translations or just for understanding the language. Every word in a sentence is the dependent of one head with one exception. This exception is the head of the sente ...
The Encoding Grammar and Syntax
... However, it should be kept in mind that within the Encoding Grammar the relation between the meaning and the surface syntax is unidirectional, and this would affect the way the deep syntax and the surface syntax are portrayed. The differences between the Encoding Grammar and the MTM concerning synta ...
... However, it should be kept in mind that within the Encoding Grammar the relation between the meaning and the surface syntax is unidirectional, and this would affect the way the deep syntax and the surface syntax are portrayed. The differences between the Encoding Grammar and the MTM concerning synta ...
Syntax
... But linguists require more objective ways of determining syntactic categories. There are two tests one can use: ...
... But linguists require more objective ways of determining syntactic categories. There are two tests one can use: ...
Syntactic retrieval - Machine Translation Archive
... allow a predicate in either the singular or the plural if the nominal block is in the singular, since the latter may be one of a string of blocks which together may permit a predicate in either number. ...
... allow a predicate in either the singular or the plural if the nominal block is in the singular, since the latter may be one of a string of blocks which together may permit a predicate in either number. ...
Introduction to Syntax
... In syntax, the seven words in this model sentence are its ultimate constituents. This sentence and in general any sentence of the language may be represented as a particular arrangement of the ultimate constituents, which are the minimal grammatical elements, of which the sentence is composed. Every ...
... In syntax, the seven words in this model sentence are its ultimate constituents. This sentence and in general any sentence of the language may be represented as a particular arrangement of the ultimate constituents, which are the minimal grammatical elements, of which the sentence is composed. Every ...
introddd to syntax
... In syntax, the seven words in this model sentence are its ultimate constituents. This sentence and in general any sentence of the language may be represented as a particular arrangement of the ultimate constituents, which are the minimal grammatical elements, of which the sentence is composed. Every ...
... In syntax, the seven words in this model sentence are its ultimate constituents. This sentence and in general any sentence of the language may be represented as a particular arrangement of the ultimate constituents, which are the minimal grammatical elements, of which the sentence is composed. Every ...
C80-1009 - Association for Computational Linguistics
... systems. Thus in Chomsky's trace theory, sentences, their constituent structures and grammatical relations are determined by a few simple rules which in themselves would generate many non-sentences, but which are constrained by putatively universal principles marking the non-sentences as such. These ...
... systems. Thus in Chomsky's trace theory, sentences, their constituent structures and grammatical relations are determined by a few simple rules which in themselves would generate many non-sentences, but which are constrained by putatively universal principles marking the non-sentences as such. These ...
Workshops I_IV
... I demonstrate that this approach oversimplifies the real picture at least for Hittite. As predicted by T.Givón's scenario, left dislocations are the only likely source of Hittite clitic doubling. However, in Hittite clitic doubling does not normally code established topic. It either codes shift topi ...
... I demonstrate that this approach oversimplifies the real picture at least for Hittite. As predicted by T.Givón's scenario, left dislocations are the only likely source of Hittite clitic doubling. However, in Hittite clitic doubling does not normally code established topic. It either codes shift topi ...
Paper Title (use style: paper title)
... Most currently popular natural language parsers generate phrase structures that represent constituent parts of input sentences. However, in recent years there is a growing interest to dependency-based representations of natural language texts [10]. Dependency-oriented formalisms suggest that syntact ...
... Most currently popular natural language parsers generate phrase structures that represent constituent parts of input sentences. However, in recent years there is a growing interest to dependency-based representations of natural language texts [10]. Dependency-oriented formalisms suggest that syntact ...
The Alpino Dependency Treebank
... Alpino is a wide-coverage grammar: it is designed to analyze sentences of unrestricted Dutch text. The grammar is based on the OVIS grammar (van Noord et al. 1999), that was used in the Dutch public transportation information system, but both lexicon and grammar have been extensively modified and ex ...
... Alpino is a wide-coverage grammar: it is designed to analyze sentences of unrestricted Dutch text. The grammar is based on the OVIS grammar (van Noord et al. 1999), that was used in the Dutch public transportation information system, but both lexicon and grammar have been extensively modified and ex ...
On the VP Structure of Phrasal Verbs in English - NAOSITE
... Furthermore, it will be suggested that the argument of P status of a particle at D-structure would lend a strong support to the rightward movement of NP, rather than the movement of particles. ...
... Furthermore, it will be suggested that the argument of P status of a particle at D-structure would lend a strong support to the rightward movement of NP, rather than the movement of particles. ...
The position of prepositional phrases in Russian
... has been subjected to the program; the resulting descriptions have been verified and corrected by humans. All dependency relations between the word pairs in this text sample are recorded on magnetic tape. Automatic retrieval programs applied to this "processed" text enable researchers to conduct dis ...
... has been subjected to the program; the resulting descriptions have been verified and corrected by humans. All dependency relations between the word pairs in this text sample are recorded on magnetic tape. Automatic retrieval programs applied to this "processed" text enable researchers to conduct dis ...
The CKY algorithm part 1: Recognition
... C → wi , C → C1 C2 , (S → ε) • ε is normally not used in natural language grammars • We also allow unit productions, C → C1 • Extended CNF • Easy to integrate into CNF, easier grammar conversions ...
... C → wi , C → C1 C2 , (S → ε) • ε is normally not used in natural language grammars • We also allow unit productions, C → C1 • Extended CNF • Easy to integrate into CNF, easier grammar conversions ...
ICSC 2008-tutorial
... sentences to train a Naïve Bayes classifier for Web-scale extraction of relationships Does not require parsing for extraction – only required for training Training on features – POS tag sequences, if object is proper noun, number of tokens to right or left etc. This system is able to respond t ...
... sentences to train a Naïve Bayes classifier for Web-scale extraction of relationships Does not require parsing for extraction – only required for training Training on features – POS tag sequences, if object is proper noun, number of tokens to right or left etc. This system is able to respond t ...
SynTagRus – a deeply annotated corpus of Russian1 Abstract. The
... which counts over 7 million words. Lexical ambiguity is not resolved independently; words can be considered to be lexically disambiguated only if the word senses belong to different parts of speech, as in the adjective slepoj ‘blind’ vs. the noun slepoj ‘blind person’. The corpus now contains partia ...
... which counts over 7 million words. Lexical ambiguity is not resolved independently; words can be considered to be lexically disambiguated only if the word senses belong to different parts of speech, as in the adjective slepoj ‘blind’ vs. the noun slepoj ‘blind person’. The corpus now contains partia ...
Context and Binding in Japanese. By MASAYO IIDA. Stanford: CSLI
... This book is a slightly revised version of Masayo Iida’s doctoral dissertation submitted to Stanford University in 1992. Even though the title of the book is very general, she focuses on essentially one phenomenon in Japanese: the binding of the reflexive anaphora zibun ‘self’. The study of this wor ...
... This book is a slightly revised version of Masayo Iida’s doctoral dissertation submitted to Stanford University in 1992. Even though the title of the book is very general, she focuses on essentially one phenomenon in Japanese: the binding of the reflexive anaphora zibun ‘self’. The study of this wor ...
Dependency grammar
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Dependency grammar (DG) is a class of modern syntactic theories that are all based on the dependency relation (as opposed to the constituency relation) and that can be traced back primarily to the work of Lucien Tesnière. Dependency is the notion that linguistic units, e.g. words, are connected to each other by directed links. The (finite) verb is taken to be the structural center of clause structure. All other syntactic units (words) are either directly or indirectly connected to the verb in terms of the directed links, which are called dependencies. DGs are distinct from phrase structure grammars (constituency grammars), since DGs lack phrasal nodes - although they acknowledge phrases. Structure is determined by the relation between a word (a head) and its dependents. Dependency structures are flatter than constituency structures in part because they lack a finite verb phrase constituent, and they are thus well suited for the analysis of languages with free word order, such as Czech, Turkish, and Warlpiri.