Syntax
... phrases, and those phrases into further phrases, and so forth. Another aspect of the syntactic structure of a sentence is "movement" relations that hold between one syntactic position in a sentence and another. ...
... phrases, and those phrases into further phrases, and so forth. Another aspect of the syntactic structure of a sentence is "movement" relations that hold between one syntactic position in a sentence and another. ...
Converting an English-Swedish Parallel Treebank to Universal
... for postposed elements and one for noun-phraseinternal relations. The situation in UD is not quite clear; on the one hand there seem to be a desire to avoid non-projective relations as the relation ’dislocated’ seems to relate a fronted or postposed element to the head of the clause. The relation ’r ...
... for postposed elements and one for noun-phraseinternal relations. The situation in UD is not quite clear; on the one hand there seem to be a desire to avoid non-projective relations as the relation ’dislocated’ seems to relate a fronted or postposed element to the head of the clause. The relation ’r ...
Chapter Four From Word to Text
... this way is called IMMEDIATE CONSTITUENT ANALYSIS or IC analysis. The immediate constituents themselves can be constructions of specific types, for instance, the nominal phrase “The girl” can be further analysed into “The (Determiner) + girl (Noun)”. Thus, “The girl” is the construction of a nominal ...
... this way is called IMMEDIATE CONSTITUENT ANALYSIS or IC analysis. The immediate constituents themselves can be constructions of specific types, for instance, the nominal phrase “The girl” can be further analysed into “The (Determiner) + girl (Noun)”. Thus, “The girl” is the construction of a nominal ...
flight - clic
... • S -> NP VP – This says that there are units called S, NP, and VP in this language – That an S consists of an NP followed immediately by a VP – Doesn’t say that that’s the only kind of S – Nor does it say that this is the only place that NPs and VPs occur ...
... • S -> NP VP – This says that there are units called S, NP, and VP in this language – That an S consists of an NP followed immediately by a VP – Doesn’t say that that’s the only kind of S – Nor does it say that this is the only place that NPs and VPs occur ...
Customizing the XTAG System for Efficient Grammar
... these morphological properties of Korean. We first provide a way of handling the Korean inflectional system using feature structures in lexicalized elementary trees in section 2. We impose a hierarchy on various types of inflections in order to handle all possible ways of combining inflections, and ...
... these morphological properties of Korean. We first provide a way of handling the Korean inflectional system using feature structures in lexicalized elementary trees in section 2. We impose a hierarchy on various types of inflections in order to handle all possible ways of combining inflections, and ...
Linguistics 001: Syntax
... • Structure is critical in syntax; we will examine two major points this week – The notion of constituency; why is [the dog that is eating an apple] a single unit in Is [the dog that is eating an apple] in the garden? – Movement: how do we understand the object of the verb in the following sentences ...
... • Structure is critical in syntax; we will examine two major points this week – The notion of constituency; why is [the dog that is eating an apple] a single unit in Is [the dog that is eating an apple] in the garden? – Movement: how do we understand the object of the verb in the following sentences ...
Ch3. Linguistic essentials
... • verb, noun, pronoun, adjective, numeral, adverb – subject to inflection (in general); subject to cross-category derivations – newly coined words always belong to open POS categories – potentially unlimited number of words ...
... • verb, noun, pronoun, adjective, numeral, adverb – subject to inflection (in general); subject to cross-category derivations – newly coined words always belong to open POS categories – potentially unlimited number of words ...
Talbanken05: A Swedish Treebank with Phrase Structure and
... treebank generally available, which is somewhat surprising, since some of the earliest examples of syntactically annotated corpora, Talbanken in the 70s (Einarsson, 1976a; Einarsson, 1976b) and SynTag in the 80s (Järborg, 1986) were based on Swedish data. Talbanken was created in Lund and contains ...
... treebank generally available, which is somewhat surprising, since some of the earliest examples of syntactically annotated corpora, Talbanken in the 70s (Einarsson, 1976a; Einarsson, 1976b) and SynTag in the 80s (Järborg, 1986) were based on Swedish data. Talbanken was created in Lund and contains ...
Building a Large Scale LFG Grammar for Turkish
... efficient, has rich GUI developed at Xerox PARC in 1990s ...
... efficient, has rich GUI developed at Xerox PARC in 1990s ...
Towards a rationalist theory of language acquisition
... are linguistically important. These models do not pretend to provide a reasonable model of human-like acquisition, but they are relevant to understanding how that could work. First, the required fit between the evidence and the acquired linguistic concepts must be something like what we see in these ...
... are linguistically important. These models do not pretend to provide a reasonable model of human-like acquisition, but they are relevant to understanding how that could work. First, the required fit between the evidence and the acquired linguistic concepts must be something like what we see in these ...
Optimizing Grammars for Minimum Dependency Length
... order is determined by placing all dependents of a word in order of increasing weight from left to right. This reduces the number of parameters of the model to T , if there are T dependency types, from T k if a word may have up to k dependents. It also allows us to naturally capture statements such ...
... order is determined by placing all dependents of a word in order of increasing weight from left to right. This reduces the number of parameters of the model to T , if there are T dependency types, from T k if a word may have up to k dependents. It also allows us to naturally capture statements such ...
MSc Introduction to Syntax - Linguistics and English Language
... turns out that the grammar of a language can provide various ways of manipulating the correspondences between semantic and syntactic arguments, so that semantic arguments can come to be associated with different syntactic arguments. Some examples of such grammatical processes that change the so-call ...
... turns out that the grammar of a language can provide various ways of manipulating the correspondences between semantic and syntactic arguments, so that semantic arguments can come to be associated with different syntactic arguments. Some examples of such grammatical processes that change the so-call ...
View PDF - CiteSeerX
... introduced again between step (4) and (5) in the example, in order to create the right morphological forms for the output. Let us leave this aside, though.) Just by removing the morphy-syntactic information, DRL is turned into a handy knowledge representation for semantic purposes. Rules, like the p ...
... introduced again between step (4) and (5) in the example, in order to create the right morphological forms for the output. Let us leave this aside, though.) Just by removing the morphy-syntactic information, DRL is turned into a handy knowledge representation for semantic purposes. Rules, like the p ...
The Autonomy of Syntax
... sentence comprehension in ungrammatical, but not in grammatical sentences. This, they argue, suggests that it is a real-time processing effect, as opposed to being baked into the representation of linguistic information. Further, the existence of agreement attraction errors actually strengthens Cho ...
... sentence comprehension in ungrammatical, but not in grammatical sentences. This, they argue, suggests that it is a real-time processing effect, as opposed to being baked into the representation of linguistic information. Further, the existence of agreement attraction errors actually strengthens Cho ...
Linking syntactic and semantic arguments in a dependency
... roles under the CONTENT feature of his HPSG architecture (Pollard and Sag, 1994), and syntactic characterizations of the arguments under CATEGORY | ARG - ST and CATEGORY |SUBCAT. He has separate hierarchies of syntactic patterns (intrans, trans, ditrans, 5:32) and semantic classes (subtypes of RELAT ...
... roles under the CONTENT feature of his HPSG architecture (Pollard and Sag, 1994), and syntactic characterizations of the arguments under CATEGORY | ARG - ST and CATEGORY |SUBCAT. He has separate hierarchies of syntactic patterns (intrans, trans, ditrans, 5:32) and semantic classes (subtypes of RELAT ...
Document
... (v) basic position immediately after the verb (iv) case of the pronoun in object: accusative (cf. nominative of subjects) (i) must be licensed by the verb because it is a special case of a complement (iii) corresponds to the subject of an associated passive clause 3.1 Syntactic distinction between d ...
... (v) basic position immediately after the verb (iv) case of the pronoun in object: accusative (cf. nominative of subjects) (i) must be licensed by the verb because it is a special case of a complement (iii) corresponds to the subject of an associated passive clause 3.1 Syntactic distinction between d ...
Towards a Rich Dependency Annotation of Spanish Corpora
... can be exploited in an automatic “postannotation” stage. Thus, if we know that a determiner is a dependent of a noun, the relation is very likely to be determinative. ...
... can be exploited in an automatic “postannotation” stage. Thus, if we know that a determiner is a dependent of a noun, the relation is very likely to be determinative. ...
C86-1141 - Association for Computational Linguistics
... to compute an Inflected phonetic form given an orthographic basic word and Inflexlonal features (Laporte 1986). This system uses an intermediate phonological representation devised to optimize not only word Inflexion and phonetic conversion but also liaison processing. The system works In the follow ...
... to compute an Inflected phonetic form given an orthographic basic word and Inflexlonal features (Laporte 1986). This system uses an intermediate phonological representation devised to optimize not only word Inflexion and phonetic conversion but also liaison processing. The system works In the follow ...
Noisy-context surprisal as a human sentence - TedLab
... the theory to a toy grammar of the domain of nouns with relative clauses. We find that it assigns higher cost to grammatical strings than ungrammatical strings when parameterized with English rule frequencies, but higher cost to ungrammatical strings when parameterized with German rule frequencies, ...
... the theory to a toy grammar of the domain of nouns with relative clauses. We find that it assigns higher cost to grammatical strings than ungrammatical strings when parameterized with English rule frequencies, but higher cost to ungrammatical strings when parameterized with German rule frequencies, ...
Creating a Dependency Syntactic Treebank: Towards Intuitive
... morphological definition is in progress (Voutilainen and Lindén, 2011). The base for the first version of the treebank is a descriptive grammar of Finnish (Hakulinen et al., 2004a). The treebank consists of the grammar’s example sentences3 . The advantage of this approach is that already in the fir ...
... morphological definition is in progress (Voutilainen and Lindén, 2011). The base for the first version of the treebank is a descriptive grammar of Finnish (Hakulinen et al., 2004a). The treebank consists of the grammar’s example sentences3 . The advantage of this approach is that already in the fir ...
Artificial intelligence
... followed by the same number of b’s, followed by the same number of c's - that is, abc, aabbcc, aaabbbccc, and so on. Similarly, no context-free grammar can generate the language that consists of any sequence of letters repeated in the same order twice, such as abab, abcabc, acdabacdab, and so on. Th ...
... followed by the same number of b’s, followed by the same number of c's - that is, abc, aabbcc, aaabbbccc, and so on. Similarly, no context-free grammar can generate the language that consists of any sequence of letters repeated in the same order twice, such as abab, abcabc, acdabacdab, and so on. Th ...
The annotation guidelines of the Latin Dependency Treebank and
... Tables 1 and 2 present the composition of both of our treebanks. Both projects work within the theoretical framework of Dependency Grammar (DG), which differs from constituent-based grammars by foregoing non-terminal phrasal categories and instead linking words themselves to their immediate head (Te ...
... Tables 1 and 2 present the composition of both of our treebanks. Both projects work within the theoretical framework of Dependency Grammar (DG), which differs from constituent-based grammars by foregoing non-terminal phrasal categories and instead linking words themselves to their immediate head (Te ...
Catenae in Morphology
... The words musthave and kickback are nouns (rather than verbs), auxiliaries, or prepositions. Furthermore, there are dvandva compounds: copulative dvandva have two (or more) semantic heads such as bitter-sweet or sleep-walk, and in appositional dvandva the compound parts contribute to a similar degre ...
... The words musthave and kickback are nouns (rather than verbs), auxiliaries, or prepositions. Furthermore, there are dvandva compounds: copulative dvandva have two (or more) semantic heads such as bitter-sweet or sleep-walk, and in appositional dvandva the compound parts contribute to a similar degre ...
Dependency grammar
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Dependency grammar (DG) is a class of modern syntactic theories that are all based on the dependency relation (as opposed to the constituency relation) and that can be traced back primarily to the work of Lucien Tesnière. Dependency is the notion that linguistic units, e.g. words, are connected to each other by directed links. The (finite) verb is taken to be the structural center of clause structure. All other syntactic units (words) are either directly or indirectly connected to the verb in terms of the directed links, which are called dependencies. DGs are distinct from phrase structure grammars (constituency grammars), since DGs lack phrasal nodes - although they acknowledge phrases. Structure is determined by the relation between a word (a head) and its dependents. Dependency structures are flatter than constituency structures in part because they lack a finite verb phrase constituent, and they are thus well suited for the analysis of languages with free word order, such as Czech, Turkish, and Warlpiri.