Structural Case and Dependency Marking: A Neo
... a feature [dependent], which may or may not be realized morphologically. The particular morphological realization, then, is dependent on the attributes and values of the feature [dependent]. With person agreement, the person feature of the subject appears to be simply shared with the predicate. With ...
... a feature [dependent], which may or may not be realized morphologically. The particular morphological realization, then, is dependent on the attributes and values of the feature [dependent]. With person agreement, the person feature of the subject appears to be simply shared with the predicate. With ...
What sort of innate structure is needed to “bootstrap” into syntax?*
... origin of syntactic categories: how do we get from genes laid down at conception to syntactic categories manifest two-and-a-half to three years later? Merely labeling the categories as innate does not solve this problem; it just passes the problem to biology without considering how the biologist cou ...
... origin of syntactic categories: how do we get from genes laid down at conception to syntactic categories manifest two-and-a-half to three years later? Merely labeling the categories as innate does not solve this problem; it just passes the problem to biology without considering how the biologist cou ...
Obtaining Hidden Relations from a Syntactically Annotated Corpus
... The nodes – labeled with complex symbols (sets of attributes) – represent individual tokens (wordforms and punctuation marks); one token of the sentence is represented by exactly one node of the tree. The edges represent syntactic relations in the sentence. The actual type of the relation is given a ...
... The nodes – labeled with complex symbols (sets of attributes) – represent individual tokens (wordforms and punctuation marks); one token of the sentence is represented by exactly one node of the tree. The edges represent syntactic relations in the sentence. The actual type of the relation is given a ...
Linking Eye Movements to Sentence Comprehension in Reading
... As noted above, garden-path effects are characterized by increased looking time in the disambiguating region and higher probabilities of regressions out of the disambiguating region (e.g., Frazier & Rayner, 1982). Because garden paths are generally taken as evidence that the language-processing syst ...
... As noted above, garden-path effects are characterized by increased looking time in the disambiguating region and higher probabilities of regressions out of the disambiguating region (e.g., Frazier & Rayner, 1982). Because garden paths are generally taken as evidence that the language-processing syst ...
Cross-LinguistiC Patterns of Linking
... all that is required is the LS and nothing more, as in all except (11d). For most irregular verbs, only the macrorole number needs to be specified. The prepositions that mark oblique arguments with verbs like show are predictable from general principles and need not be listed in the lexical entry ( ...
... all that is required is the LS and nothing more, as in all except (11d). For most irregular verbs, only the macrorole number needs to be specified. The prepositions that mark oblique arguments with verbs like show are predictable from general principles and need not be listed in the lexical entry ( ...
The complete Proceedings of Depling 2011 as a single PDF file
... And he used the term تعلقTa'alluq which translates as being suspended to, dependent upon, connected with; attachment; love of the world; dependence ; connection; relation; relationship ; concern, reference, regard ; consideration, reflection ; commerce ; means of support, employment, office ; pro ...
... And he used the term تعلقTa'alluq which translates as being suspended to, dependent upon, connected with; attachment; love of the world; dependence ; connection; relation; relationship ; concern, reference, regard ; consideration, reflection ; commerce ; means of support, employment, office ; pro ...
HPSG, SBCG, and FCG - German Grammar Group FU Berlin
... on the basis of what is done in FCG. Van Trijp claims that there are differences in the scientific model, the linguistic approach, formalization, the way constructions are seen and in terms of processing. This paper discusses all these alleged differences. Van Trijp also claims that his cognitive-fu ...
... on the basis of what is done in FCG. Van Trijp claims that there are differences in the scientific model, the linguistic approach, formalization, the way constructions are seen and in terms of processing. This paper discusses all these alleged differences. Van Trijp also claims that his cognitive-fu ...
23 THE SYNTACTIC FUNCTIONS OF PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES
... considered part of the propositional content (or at least not essential) but which connects the sentence with previous parts of the discourse. Example : For one thing, for another thing, for a start, to begin with, in the same way, for instance, as a result, etc. Complementation of verb is one of sy ...
... considered part of the propositional content (or at least not essential) but which connects the sentence with previous parts of the discourse. Example : For one thing, for another thing, for a start, to begin with, in the same way, for instance, as a result, etc. Complementation of verb is one of sy ...
LEXICAL AND FUNCTIONAL DECOMPOSITION IN SYNTAX: A
... independent of one another, operating on domain-specific primitives and not understanding the “vocabulary” of the other modules, much like hearing is distinct from seeing. We cannot “see sounds”, and in the same way phonology cannot understand or operate on syntactic primitives. The term “interface” ...
... independent of one another, operating on domain-specific primitives and not understanding the “vocabulary” of the other modules, much like hearing is distinct from seeing. We cannot “see sounds”, and in the same way phonology cannot understand or operate on syntactic primitives. The term “interface” ...
Язык. Константы. Переменные - Observatoire de linguistique
... units in a sentence include relations of semantic, syntactic, and morphological dependency. (I will ignore here the relation of coreference as being of a completely different nature.) Therefore, the only term allowed from now on is syntactic relations. The present discussion is based on the followin ...
... units in a sentence include relations of semantic, syntactic, and morphological dependency. (I will ignore here the relation of coreference as being of a completely different nature.) Therefore, the only term allowed from now on is syntactic relations. The present discussion is based on the followin ...
Lexical Functional Grammar Abstract 1 LFG`s syntactic structures
... Basic word order can be verb-initial (Malagasy), verb-final (Japanese), or verbmedial (English). Word order correlates with grammatical function in some languages, such as English, in which the subject and other arguments appear in particular phrase structure positions. In other languages, word orde ...
... Basic word order can be verb-initial (Malagasy), verb-final (Japanese), or verbmedial (English). Word order correlates with grammatical function in some languages, such as English, in which the subject and other arguments appear in particular phrase structure positions. In other languages, word orde ...
Logical and typological arguments for Radical
... The first typological problem with the application of the distributional method is that the construction used as a diagnostic for a syntactic category in one language may be absent in another language. For example, many theories of parts of speech use morphological inflections to divide words into t ...
... The first typological problem with the application of the distributional method is that the construction used as a diagnostic for a syntactic category in one language may be absent in another language. For example, many theories of parts of speech use morphological inflections to divide words into t ...
Automatic Detection of Grammar Elements that Decrease Readability
... the check list; in this list, we should define every Japanese grammar element and its readability level. A grammar element is a grammatical phenomenon concerned with readability, and its readability level indicates the familiarity of the grammar element. In Japanese, grammar elements are classified ...
... the check list; in this list, we should define every Japanese grammar element and its readability level. A grammar element is a grammatical phenomenon concerned with readability, and its readability level indicates the familiarity of the grammar element. In Japanese, grammar elements are classified ...
(2004). Linking eye movements to sentence comprehension in
... Examples are given in (5) and (6). Anomalous words are starred and doubly anomalous words receive two stars. The critical word at which the potential anomaly is apparent is underlined. The anomalous indirect object was either of the wrong phrasal category—a noun phrase (NP) instead of a prepositiona ...
... Examples are given in (5) and (6). Anomalous words are starred and doubly anomalous words receive two stars. The critical word at which the potential anomaly is apparent is underlined. The anomalous indirect object was either of the wrong phrasal category—a noun phrase (NP) instead of a prepositiona ...
Structural Parsing
... SKO-arc, to respectively from a verb V, where on the semantic level we would choose a CAU-arc. The possessive use of “wo3” is expressed by a PAR-arc. We can also express the three syntactic functions with one knowledge graph like in Figure 2, which is called the syntactic word graph of the word “wo3 ...
... SKO-arc, to respectively from a verb V, where on the semantic level we would choose a CAU-arc. The possessive use of “wo3” is expressed by a PAR-arc. We can also express the three syntactic functions with one knowledge graph like in Figure 2, which is called the syntactic word graph of the word “wo3 ...
A multi-modular approach to gradual change in
... (c) _ went through and interviewed a bunch of jurors in some of the big cases, and in many cases looking at what had, at the evidence afterwards as to whether the decision was right, went back to the jurors, uh, based on the deliberations. (SC) We hypothesize that bunch underwent the following seman ...
... (c) _ went through and interviewed a bunch of jurors in some of the big cases, and in many cases looking at what had, at the evidence afterwards as to whether the decision was right, went back to the jurors, uh, based on the deliberations. (SC) We hypothesize that bunch underwent the following seman ...
Context-Free Grammars for English
... single NP arg within the VP as an argument, and a single NP arg as the subject. ...
... single NP arg within the VP as an argument, and a single NP arg as the subject. ...
Child language acquisition: Why Universal
... analysis (the prosodic bootstrapping account, discussed below, is a possible exception). For example, as Yang (2008: 206) notes “[Chomsky’s] LSLT [Logical Structure of Linguistic Theory] program explicitly advocates a probabilistic approach to words and categories ‘through the analysis of clustering ...
... analysis (the prosodic bootstrapping account, discussed below, is a possible exception). For example, as Yang (2008: 206) notes “[Chomsky’s] LSLT [Logical Structure of Linguistic Theory] program explicitly advocates a probabilistic approach to words and categories ‘through the analysis of clustering ...
PERSPECTIVES Child language acquisition: Why universal
... above. For example, in a review article on Syntax acquisition for a prestigious interdisciplinary cognitive science journal, Crain and Thornton (2012) argue for innate knowledge of structure dependence and the binding principles. Valian, Solt, and Stewart (2009) recently published a study designed t ...
... above. For example, in a review article on Syntax acquisition for a prestigious interdisciplinary cognitive science journal, Crain and Thornton (2012) argue for innate knowledge of structure dependence and the binding principles. Valian, Solt, and Stewart (2009) recently published a study designed t ...
A Realistic Transformational Grammar
... indeed have content in that it refers to the question as to whether constructions which are suited to the description of one form of verbal behavior (intuitive judgments ) are equally suited to the description of other verbal processes (the comprehension and retention of sentences, etc.). (vol . 3, ...
... indeed have content in that it refers to the question as to whether constructions which are suited to the description of one form of verbal behavior (intuitive judgments ) are equally suited to the description of other verbal processes (the comprehension and retention of sentences, etc.). (vol . 3, ...
Word order, restructuring and mirror theory
... Word order, restructuring and mirror theory 5 V-raising but also VP shift. The third reason why mirror theory cannot be taken to entail chain root SOV is that it provides a treatment for the relevant VP shift operations in which the V-phrase's chain root position corresponds to what is taken to be ...
... Word order, restructuring and mirror theory 5 V-raising but also VP shift. The third reason why mirror theory cannot be taken to entail chain root SOV is that it provides a treatment for the relevant VP shift operations in which the V-phrase's chain root position corresponds to what is taken to be ...
Prosody Drives the Syntax: O`odham Rhythm *1
... of the auxiliary, it also does not appear initially, as this would begin the utterance with an unstressed syllable. However, by placing the auxiliary in second position, the prosody has an unstressed syllable at its disposal. Whenever an utterance begins with a monosyllabic content word, the auxili ...
... of the auxiliary, it also does not appear initially, as this would begin the utterance with an unstressed syllable. However, by placing the auxiliary in second position, the prosody has an unstressed syllable at its disposal. Whenever an utterance begins with a monosyllabic content word, the auxili ...
1 Introduction to the classic competence vs. performance divide
... IS and RS use the same algorithm A, but RS is affected by complexity (e.g. longer derivations are harder to be computed); c. Algorithmic Equivalence with independent constraints sensitivity IS and RS use the same algorithm, but RS is sensitive to some property of the constraints applied and IS to ot ...
... IS and RS use the same algorithm A, but RS is affected by complexity (e.g. longer derivations are harder to be computed); c. Algorithmic Equivalence with independent constraints sensitivity IS and RS use the same algorithm, but RS is sensitive to some property of the constraints applied and IS to ot ...
Dependency grammar
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Dependency grammar (DG) is a class of modern syntactic theories that are all based on the dependency relation (as opposed to the constituency relation) and that can be traced back primarily to the work of Lucien Tesnière. Dependency is the notion that linguistic units, e.g. words, are connected to each other by directed links. The (finite) verb is taken to be the structural center of clause structure. All other syntactic units (words) are either directly or indirectly connected to the verb in terms of the directed links, which are called dependencies. DGs are distinct from phrase structure grammars (constituency grammars), since DGs lack phrasal nodes - although they acknowledge phrases. Structure is determined by the relation between a word (a head) and its dependents. Dependency structures are flatter than constituency structures in part because they lack a finite verb phrase constituent, and they are thus well suited for the analysis of languages with free word order, such as Czech, Turkish, and Warlpiri.