Journal of Language Modelling 1
... Wikipedia project with its 900,000 articles. We use the dump containing all Polish articles of the current release available at the beginning of 2011. The data extraction process described in Section 3.1.1 may be iteratively repeated using a newer Wikipedia dump release in order to add new entries t ...
... Wikipedia project with its 900,000 articles. We use the dump containing all Polish articles of the current release available at the beginning of 2011. The data extraction process described in Section 3.1.1 may be iteratively repeated using a newer Wikipedia dump release in order to add new entries t ...
Clausal coordinate ellipsis in German: The TIGER treebank as a
... only needed to check whether the anterior clause included any non-contrastive major constituent that was not annotated as a secondary edge. FCR. Left-peripheral borrowing of major constituents is mandatory here. Hence, in every FCR case, we determined the anterior clause’s leftperiphery, that is, th ...
... only needed to check whether the anterior clause included any non-contrastive major constituent that was not annotated as a secondary edge. FCR. Left-peripheral borrowing of major constituents is mandatory here. Hence, in every FCR case, we determined the anterior clause’s leftperiphery, that is, th ...
Particle verbs and a theory of late lexical insertion
... provides the basis for my analysis of particle verbs. Relying on recent work by Borer (1988, 1991, 1993), Halle & Marantz (1993), Marantz (1995), and Jackendoff (1997), I will suggest that (i) the terminal nodes of syntax are supplied with phonological and semantic features of lexical items after sy ...
... provides the basis for my analysis of particle verbs. Relying on recent work by Borer (1988, 1991, 1993), Halle & Marantz (1993), Marantz (1995), and Jackendoff (1997), I will suggest that (i) the terminal nodes of syntax are supplied with phonological and semantic features of lexical items after sy ...
as a PDF
... are stored in a chart. Scores are given to each structure in order to rank alternatives during parsing and to choose which full analysis to display when parsing is successful. When no complete analysis is found, the parser nevertheless presents partial analyses of the input, also called chunks, retr ...
... are stored in a chart. Scores are given to each structure in order to rank alternatives during parsing and to choose which full analysis to display when parsing is successful. When no complete analysis is found, the parser nevertheless presents partial analyses of the input, also called chunks, retr ...
The liaison in French IP and VP: a syntactic analysis - clic
... a. les girafes et les éléphants sont ses meilleurs amis [mɛjɶʀzami] giraffes and elephants are his best friends b. Claude a des perroquets intolérables [peʀɔkɛ ɛ̃tɔleʀabl] Claude has some intolerable parrots [examples from Nespor & Vogel 1986: 41] ...
... a. les girafes et les éléphants sont ses meilleurs amis [mɛjɶʀzami] giraffes and elephants are his best friends b. Claude a des perroquets intolérables [peʀɔkɛ ɛ̃tɔleʀabl] Claude has some intolerable parrots [examples from Nespor & Vogel 1986: 41] ...
Lexical Nature of Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution
... constructs a single parse (phrase structure) using only the graminterpretation, occur throughout natural discourse and typically go unnoticed. To illustrate, Table 1 contains examples of matical categories of the words being processed (e.g., deterreduced relative constructions taken from several rec ...
... constructs a single parse (phrase structure) using only the graminterpretation, occur throughout natural discourse and typically go unnoticed. To illustrate, Table 1 contains examples of matical categories of the words being processed (e.g., deterreduced relative constructions taken from several rec ...
Unifying everything: Some remarks on simpler syntax, construction
... So, we have a deeply embedded verbal stem that undergoes Ge- -e-derivation to form a nominal stem. This stem has to be inflected to form a noun, and, in a further step, the combination of the noun with the PP takes place. The semantics of the whole construction is embedded under the semantics of the ...
... So, we have a deeply embedded verbal stem that undergoes Ge- -e-derivation to form a nominal stem. This stem has to be inflected to form a noun, and, in a further step, the combination of the noun with the PP takes place. The semantics of the whole construction is embedded under the semantics of the ...
pros sign 4-10
... from single words, such as what, comment clauses or epistemic verbs, such as I think, you know, to more complex structures such as as everybody knows, or and everybody will agree with me, to structures such as please take a seat which might be completely disconnected with respect to the content of t ...
... from single words, such as what, comment clauses or epistemic verbs, such as I think, you know, to more complex structures such as as everybody knows, or and everybody will agree with me, to structures such as please take a seat which might be completely disconnected with respect to the content of t ...
PPT - Department of information engineering and computer science
... BNF is a syntax used to express context-free grammars: that is, a formal way to describe formal languages. ...
... BNF is a syntax used to express context-free grammars: that is, a formal way to describe formal languages. ...
Grammar Structures
... its development over time. The synchronic approach is set on events which have the same period of phase, as www.dictionary.com describes the (originally Greek) word synchronic: “events of a particular time, without reference to their historical context”. The third way is the normative approach, whic ...
... its development over time. The synchronic approach is set on events which have the same period of phase, as www.dictionary.com describes the (originally Greek) word synchronic: “events of a particular time, without reference to their historical context”. The third way is the normative approach, whic ...
FG 2006: The 11th conference on Formal
... For sentence (1), we would like to generate a scope-neutral semantic representation that allows both the reading where some takes scope over every and the reading where every takes scope over some. We propose a solution in which a derivation tree with multiple adjunction nondeterministically determi ...
... For sentence (1), we would like to generate a scope-neutral semantic representation that allows both the reading where some takes scope over every and the reading where every takes scope over some. We propose a solution in which a derivation tree with multiple adjunction nondeterministically determi ...
Arguments, Grammatical Relations, and Diathetic Paradigm
... second aspect takes into consideration whether all arguments are paired with grammatical relations or a diathesis reduction takes place. When all arguments, and especially the a-subject, have correspondents in the DEPS list, this is the case of unreduced diathesis. There is always a dsubject in this ...
... second aspect takes into consideration whether all arguments are paired with grammatical relations or a diathesis reduction takes place. When all arguments, and especially the a-subject, have correspondents in the DEPS list, this is the case of unreduced diathesis. There is always a dsubject in this ...
Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Workshop on
... of trees grow in Swedish soil?, that dependency annotation schemes such as that of the Prague Dependency Treebank of Czech were quickly gaining importance. Ten years later, a good share of TLT13 papers revolve around dependency structure. Given this development, we are very honored to have two major ...
... of trees grow in Swedish soil?, that dependency annotation schemes such as that of the Prague Dependency Treebank of Czech were quickly gaining importance. Ten years later, a good share of TLT13 papers revolve around dependency structure. Given this development, we are very honored to have two major ...
Adversative conjunction choice in Russian ( no, da, odnako
... It is important to note that although the contextual reflections of semantic distinctions are coded as independent variables influencing variant choice in the multivariate analysis, they do not have to and perhaps should not be interpreted as such. Thus, even though the irrealis-realis construction ...
... It is important to note that although the contextual reflections of semantic distinctions are coded as independent variables influencing variant choice in the multivariate analysis, they do not have to and perhaps should not be interpreted as such. Thus, even though the irrealis-realis construction ...
Towards a Standard for the Creation of Lexica
... be a type of pronoun or adjective or determiner. Various differences in category assignment can either be due to the nature of the language itself or because of different lexicographic traditions associa ted with different languages. The EAGLES language independent morphosyntactic specifications hav ...
... be a type of pronoun or adjective or determiner. Various differences in category assignment can either be due to the nature of the language itself or because of different lexicographic traditions associa ted with different languages. The EAGLES language independent morphosyntactic specifications hav ...
Identity of Roots - LingBuzz
... There are two basic reasons to treat “cat” and all so-called lexical roots as we treat inflectional affixes, and insert them late. … First, it’s extremely difficult to argue that roots behave any differently from affixes with respect to the computational system. No phonological properties of roots i ...
... There are two basic reasons to treat “cat” and all so-called lexical roots as we treat inflectional affixes, and insert them late. … First, it’s extremely difficult to argue that roots behave any differently from affixes with respect to the computational system. No phonological properties of roots i ...
Semantic Roles of Adverbial Participial Clauses
... grammaticalized by different languages, we may now consider where in grammatical systems such distinctions are encoded. (J2K,828) ...
... grammaticalized by different languages, we may now consider where in grammatical systems such distinctions are encoded. (J2K,828) ...
Cross-linguistic priming of syntactic hierarchical
... Echeverria, & Bosch, 2005, among many others). In contrast to the abundance of studies on language (non-)selectivity in lexical processing, researchers interested in the syntactic level of language processing have been less active in investigating bilinguals’ organization of linguistic knowledge. Th ...
... Echeverria, & Bosch, 2005, among many others). In contrast to the abundance of studies on language (non-)selectivity in lexical processing, researchers interested in the syntactic level of language processing have been less active in investigating bilinguals’ organization of linguistic knowledge. Th ...
Dwnst_eff._pred_FG_CW_
... The difference between (6a) and (6c) is of the same basic kind as that between English (5b) and (5c), where in the latter case, the A2 is non specific in reference and the predication as a whole is construed as an Activity. However, this difference is coded in Dyirbal in example (6c) via the reflexi ...
... The difference between (6a) and (6c) is of the same basic kind as that between English (5b) and (5c), where in the latter case, the A2 is non specific in reference and the predication as a whole is construed as an Activity. However, this difference is coded in Dyirbal in example (6c) via the reflexi ...
Nominal Clause - colliertech.org
... Island-sensitivity is widely assumed to be diagnostic of syntactic movement, so the dependencies in (9) show that the initial NPs are not associated with their rābiṭ-pronouns by movement, and so must be base-generated in the left-dislocated position. However, Aoun & Benmamoun (1997), Aoun, Choueiri ...
... Island-sensitivity is widely assumed to be diagnostic of syntactic movement, so the dependencies in (9) show that the initial NPs are not associated with their rābiṭ-pronouns by movement, and so must be base-generated in the left-dislocated position. However, Aoun & Benmamoun (1997), Aoun, Choueiri ...
Chapter 20: Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar
... us, obviously, that this is a word and not a phrase. Below this we have the SYN feature whose value is described by the AVM containing the HEAD, SPR, and COMPS features. The HEAD feature tells us what kind of lexical item this is. It is a noun, it triggers neuter and third person agreement. The SPR ...
... us, obviously, that this is a word and not a phrase. Below this we have the SYN feature whose value is described by the AVM containing the HEAD, SPR, and COMPS features. The HEAD feature tells us what kind of lexical item this is. It is a noun, it triggers neuter and third person agreement. The SPR ...
Linguistically Annotated Corpus as an Invaluable Resource for
... Prague Dependency Treebank (Czech; Hajič et al., 2006; Bejček et al., 2013), and many others. The aim of our contribution is to demonstrate, on the basis of our experience with the annotated corpus of Czech, the so-called Prague Dependency Treebank (PDT), how annotation process and its results help ...
... Prague Dependency Treebank (Czech; Hajič et al., 2006; Bejček et al., 2013), and many others. The aim of our contribution is to demonstrate, on the basis of our experience with the annotated corpus of Czech, the so-called Prague Dependency Treebank (PDT), how annotation process and its results help ...
Anaphora Resolution for Question Answering
... the general case, and because these are the most common uses of pronouns. In a system with this focus, the first step in resolving a pronoun is to determine whether it is pleonastic, and if not, to identify all noun phrases occurring before it as possible antecedents. Once the set of potential antec ...
... the general case, and because these are the most common uses of pronouns. In a system with this focus, the first step in resolving a pronoun is to determine whether it is pleonastic, and if not, to identify all noun phrases occurring before it as possible antecedents. Once the set of potential antec ...
The ellipsis alternation: remnants with and without prepositions
... By hypothesis, the quality of the antecedent’s mental representation will vary with the features borne by the correlate: the more features, the stronger the representation. As for the remnant, I assume that a PP remnant provides more retrieval cues than an NP remnant, given that it matches the synta ...
... By hypothesis, the quality of the antecedent’s mental representation will vary with the features borne by the correlate: the more features, the stronger the representation. As for the remnant, I assume that a PP remnant provides more retrieval cues than an NP remnant, given that it matches the synta ...
1 On the Identity of Roots Heidi Harley, University of - LingBuzz
... some roots, whose category is notated √, following Pesetsky 1995. This selection produces a set called the Numeration, in the sense of Chomsky 1995. The syntax constructs a well-‐ formed structure from the ...
... some roots, whose category is notated √, following Pesetsky 1995. This selection produces a set called the Numeration, in the sense of Chomsky 1995. The syntax constructs a well-‐ formed structure from the ...
Dependency grammar
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Dependency grammar (DG) is a class of modern syntactic theories that are all based on the dependency relation (as opposed to the constituency relation) and that can be traced back primarily to the work of Lucien Tesnière. Dependency is the notion that linguistic units, e.g. words, are connected to each other by directed links. The (finite) verb is taken to be the structural center of clause structure. All other syntactic units (words) are either directly or indirectly connected to the verb in terms of the directed links, which are called dependencies. DGs are distinct from phrase structure grammars (constituency grammars), since DGs lack phrasal nodes - although they acknowledge phrases. Structure is determined by the relation between a word (a head) and its dependents. Dependency structures are flatter than constituency structures in part because they lack a finite verb phrase constituent, and they are thus well suited for the analysis of languages with free word order, such as Czech, Turkish, and Warlpiri.