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LHC Physics - UCL HEP Group
LHC Physics - UCL HEP Group

N = 8 Supergravity, and beyond - Higgs Centre for Theoretical Physics
N = 8 Supergravity, and beyond - Higgs Centre for Theoretical Physics

Experiments that revealed the Structure of the Atom
Experiments that revealed the Structure of the Atom

... Charged oil droplets were allowed to fall between two electrical plates that supply a uniform electric field. The droplets were generated by an atomizer and a negative charge was applied by irradiating them with X-rays. The potential of the electric field was adjusted so that instead of falling, a d ...
061031(fujiwara).
061031(fujiwara).

... forms the real part of an ``electric" FI term and forms the real part of a ``magnetic" FI term in [K.F.-Itoyama-Sakaguchi ’0510] ...
Some beautiful equations of mathematical physics
Some beautiful equations of mathematical physics

PARTICLE PHYSICS
PARTICLE PHYSICS

The BEH Mechanism and its Scalar Boson by François Englert
The BEH Mechanism and its Scalar Boson by François Englert

Slides
Slides

... Oscillations: neutrino „flavor” state- quantum mixture of „mass” eigenstates Lepton flavour appearance or disappearance in the flux -energy-dependent interferometry Neutrino accelerator oscillation experiments (T2K, NOvA, MINERvA, LBNE...): 1. Measurement of Standard Model parameters (some completel ...
Fulltext PDF
Fulltext PDF

... negative or zero), these generalized charges are matrices which do not commute with each other and hence can be called `nonabelian charges'1. Electrodynamics which is based on the abelian charge is called abelian gauge theory and the generalization based on nonabelian charges is called nonabelian ga ...
Atomic Theory The Atom
Atomic Theory The Atom

superstring theory: past, present, and future john h. schwarz
superstring theory: past, present, and future john h. schwarz

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Atoms part I - Parkway C-2

The String Theory Landscape
The String Theory Landscape

printable version - Gosford Hill School
printable version - Gosford Hill School

... Thats why you don't fall through the floor. Fermions (electron, proton, neutron, neutrino..) are matter particles (spin = 1/2) Bosons (photons, gluons, W and Z particles and gravitons(?)) are field particles (spin = 0) Relativity and particle physics - who ordered that? SoftAct 40S 'Time and the Muo ...
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Glossary File

... In the Standard Model the fundamental interactions are the strong, electromagnetic, weak, and gravitational interactions. Four interaction types are all that are needed to explain all observed physical phenomena. The theory proposes at least one more fundamental interaction that is responsible for f ...
When, Why, and How Does Like Like Like? Electrostatic Attraction
When, Why, and How Does Like Like Like? Electrostatic Attraction

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Laura Covi Institute for Theoretical Physics Georg-August

... ẽ µ̃ τ̃ ±γ̃ ν̃e ν̃µ ν̃τ W̃ , Z̃ ũ c̃ t̃ g̃ d˜ s̃ b̃ G̃ SUSY is broken: MASSIVE ! ...
Phenomenology Beyond the Standard Model
Phenomenology Beyond the Standard Model

Issue Date: November 02, 1998 Newton vs. Einstein: Choosing Your
Issue Date: November 02, 1998 Newton vs. Einstein: Choosing Your

Chemistry Chapter 3
Chemistry Chapter 3

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The search for invisible light - INFN-LNF
The search for invisible light - INFN-LNF

... Besides the details, these two (and also other) models have the common feature to postulate the existence of a new light force carrier, with the same quantum numbers of the photon but with a small but nn zero mass, which from now on we call generically «dark photon» or ’ It is postulated that ordi ...
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... 1) Description in terms of spacetime followed from the observation that Maxwell equations are form-invariant under Lorentz transformations, which transform time  space, with [c]=cm/s being the dimensional constant permitting these transformations to be effected 2) String-like properties of hadrons ...
Exercise Sheet 1 to Particle Physics I
Exercise Sheet 1 to Particle Physics I

... [Find all relevant numbers from PDG webpage: click on the “Physical Constants” link.] 2) Determine, as for exercise 1, in natural units the inverse mean life times (also called decay width Γ = τ −1 ) of the neutron (n), muon (µ− ), the pions (π +,−,0 ) and the rho meson (ρ). Search through the PDG p ...
History of Human-Computer Interaction
History of Human-Computer Interaction

< 1 ... 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 ... 89 >

Grand Unified Theory

A Grand Unified Theory (GUT) is a model in particle physics in which at high energy, the three gauge interactions of the Standard Model which define the electromagnetic, weak, and strong interactions or forces, are merged into one single force. This unified interaction is characterized by one larger gauge symmetry and thus several force carriers, but one unified coupling constant. If Grand Unification is realized in nature, there is the possibility of a grand unification epoch in the early universe in which the fundamental forces are not yet distinct.Models that do not unify all interactions using one simple Lie group as the gauge symmetry, but do so using semisimple groups, can exhibit similar properties and are sometimes referred to as Grand Unified Theories as well.Unifying gravity with the other three interactions would provide a theory of everything (TOE), rather than a GUT. Nevertheless, GUTs are often seen as an intermediate step towards a TOE.The novel particles predicted by GUT models are expected to have energies around the GUT scale—just a few orders of magnitude below the Planck scale—and so will be well beyond the reach of any foreseen particle collider experiments. Therefore, the particles predicted by GUT models will be unable to be observed directly and instead the effects of grand unification might be detected through indirect observations such as proton decay, electric dipole moments of elementary particles, or the properties of neutrinos. Some grand unified theories predict the existence of magnetic monopoles.As of 2012, all GUT models which aim to be completely realistic are quite complicated, even compared to the Standard Model, because they need to introduce additional fields and interactions, or even additional dimensions of space. The main reason for this complexity lies in the difficulty of reproducing the observed fermion masses and mixing angles. Due to this difficulty, and due to the lack of any observed effect of grand unification so far, there is no generally accepted GUT model.
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