QCD --- Quantum Chromodynamics
... between 2 quarks at “long” distances O(1 fm) String with tension k -> Potential V(r) = kr Stored energy/unit length is constant Separation of quarks requires infinite amount of energy ...
... between 2 quarks at “long” distances O(1 fm) String with tension k -> Potential V(r) = kr Stored energy/unit length is constant Separation of quarks requires infinite amount of energy ...
Microscopic Realization of 2-Dimensional Bosonic Topological
... since b02 carries charge of the gauge field a2 , it is not gauge invariant. In other words, the Lagrangian (3) is invariant under the following gauge transformation b02 → b02 eiϕ , a2 → a2 − ∂ϕ. The sign change of b02 under time reversal can be compensated by a gauge transformation b02 → −b02 . When ...
... since b02 carries charge of the gauge field a2 , it is not gauge invariant. In other words, the Lagrangian (3) is invariant under the following gauge transformation b02 → b02 eiϕ , a2 → a2 − ∂ϕ. The sign change of b02 under time reversal can be compensated by a gauge transformation b02 → −b02 . When ...
Particle Physics Handout 5
... Long-lived charged particles can be accelerated to high momenta using electromagnetic fields. • e+, e!, p, p!, µ±(?) and Au, Pb & Cu nuclei have been accelerated so far... Why accelerate particles? ...
... Long-lived charged particles can be accelerated to high momenta using electromagnetic fields. • e+, e!, p, p!, µ±(?) and Au, Pb & Cu nuclei have been accelerated so far... Why accelerate particles? ...
Identity Charge and the Origin of Life
... goes on through the familiar levels of the biological realm to continue into the planetary, stellar, and galactic levels, ending as it began in the "Universe-Antiuniverse" pair of matter-antimatter at the "Multiverse" final level. (See: "The 'Higgs' Boson vs the Weak Force IVBs: Part I.) The third o ...
... goes on through the familiar levels of the biological realm to continue into the planetary, stellar, and galactic levels, ending as it began in the "Universe-Antiuniverse" pair of matter-antimatter at the "Multiverse" final level. (See: "The 'Higgs' Boson vs the Weak Force IVBs: Part I.) The third o ...
Hadron-Nucleus Interactions
... emitted through the coalescence mechanism: “put together” emitted nucleons that are near in phase space. ...
... emitted through the coalescence mechanism: “put together” emitted nucleons that are near in phase space. ...
5 Discrete Symmetries
... past–future symmetry. After all, the dynamic equations of classical mechanics appear unchanged in these transformations. What a surprise when it was discovered that the symmetry under space reflections was violated by the weak interactions. It then seems quite possible that the reversal of the time ...
... past–future symmetry. After all, the dynamic equations of classical mechanics appear unchanged in these transformations. What a surprise when it was discovered that the symmetry under space reflections was violated by the weak interactions. It then seems quite possible that the reversal of the time ...
Inflation and the cosmological constant problem
... Where have all the monopoles1) gone? The monopole problem All Grand Unified Theories predict superheavy stable particles carying magnetic charge. ...
... Where have all the monopoles1) gone? The monopole problem All Grand Unified Theories predict superheavy stable particles carying magnetic charge. ...
see presentation slides
... Since ~ 1970, neutrino beams have also been used to probe the weak (hypercharge) structure of matter. Since quarks are electrically charged, and have weak hypercharge as well, all 3 types of beams probe aspects of all known “matter.” Protons are composed of quarks and gluons, so proton beams are in ...
... Since ~ 1970, neutrino beams have also been used to probe the weak (hypercharge) structure of matter. Since quarks are electrically charged, and have weak hypercharge as well, all 3 types of beams probe aspects of all known “matter.” Protons are composed of quarks and gluons, so proton beams are in ...
Effective Field Theories, Reductionism and Scientific Explanation
... which higher-order quantities that are still invariant under general coordinate transformations have to be added, to account for the physics at higher energies (Donoghue, 1994a,b). The resulting EFTs include quantum corrections to Einstein’s theory which are considered to be footprints of a quantum ...
... which higher-order quantities that are still invariant under general coordinate transformations have to be added, to account for the physics at higher energies (Donoghue, 1994a,b). The resulting EFTs include quantum corrections to Einstein’s theory which are considered to be footprints of a quantum ...
Continuum modeling of hydrodynamic particle–particle
... rigid spheres. A few years later, this method was extended by Ladd19,20 to allow for a higher number of particles to be considered in an efficient manner. In 1990, Ladd21 used the induced-force method in high-concentration suspensions to calculate three central hydrodynamic transport coefficients: t ...
... rigid spheres. A few years later, this method was extended by Ladd19,20 to allow for a higher number of particles to be considered in an efficient manner. In 1990, Ladd21 used the induced-force method in high-concentration suspensions to calculate three central hydrodynamic transport coefficients: t ...
Resonances in chiral effective field theory Jambul Gegelia
... and determine the chiral order for each flow. Smallest order resulting from various assignments = chiral order of the ...
... and determine the chiral order for each flow. Smallest order resulting from various assignments = chiral order of the ...
Discovering the Nucleus of the Indivisible
... Binding energy of H-atom = 13.6 eV. Rest energy of e– = 510,999 eV. En = – ½ !e2 m c2 #e = ⅟&'( Ratio ≈ 0.000 0266 ≈ 1/37,573. ...
... Binding energy of H-atom = 13.6 eV. Rest energy of e– = 510,999 eV. En = – ½ !e2 m c2 #e = ⅟&'( Ratio ≈ 0.000 0266 ≈ 1/37,573. ...
