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Quantum Yang-Mills Theory
Quantum Yang-Mills Theory

Most Precise Tests of the Standard Model, Its - Indico
Most Precise Tests of the Standard Model, Its - Indico

new TPC (NTPC)
new TPC (NTPC)

Progress In N=2 Field Theory
Progress In N=2 Field Theory

... The very notion of ``what is a quantum field theory’’ is evolving… It no longer suffices just to know the correlators of all local operators. Extended ``operators’’ or ``defects’’ have been playing an increasingly important role in recent years in quantum field theory. Defects are local disturbances ...
Energy distribution of cosmic rays in the Earth`s atmosphere and
Energy distribution of cosmic rays in the Earth`s atmosphere and

... physics. The simulation of hadronic shower requires simulation of particles interacting over a wide range of energy, from a few TeV down to thermal energies [18]. Physical processes used in this study are given in table 1. Three processes were executed in the simulation. They are the decay model, el ...
Nuclear Force and Weak Interaction
Nuclear Force and Weak Interaction

The Weak Force: From Fermi to Feynman
The Weak Force: From Fermi to Feynman

... nucleus with A=14 and Z=7, there would be 14 protons and 7 electrons. So the total number of fermions3 in the Nitrogen nucleus is A + (A − Z) = 2A − Z = 21. An system composed of an odd number of fermions is itself a fermion. However, it was clear from experiments that the Nitrogen nucleus and other ...
Understanding the Universe from Deep Underground
Understanding the Universe from Deep Underground

Accelerated Expansion of Space, Dark Matter, Dark Energy and Big
Accelerated Expansion of Space, Dark Matter, Dark Energy and Big

... in physics [9], but also to great perplexity. Where could the required energy come from? Does space contain energy [10] or is it provided by some yet unknown substance? It would then have to be present everywhere in the whole universe and has been called quintessence [11]. This refers to the ancient ...
Nuclear Stability and Radioactivity
Nuclear Stability and Radioactivity

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1 - Indico

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Defining the Atom

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Optical resonances in electrically charged particles

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Limits on electrodynamics: paraphotons?
Limits on electrodynamics: paraphotons?

string theory: big problem for small size
string theory: big problem for small size

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chapter-19-1 - High Point University

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ppt - damtp

... Argument that behavior of G will change Fluctuations about an AdS black hole have a continuous spectrum due to the horizon. SU(N) gauge theory on S3 has a continuous spectrum only at large N. At any finite N it will be discrete. ...
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Template for scientific report

... for their quantitative treatment. The basic building blocks of QCD are the Green’s (correlation) functions of the fundamental physical degrees of freedom, gluons and quarks, and of the unphysical ghosts. Even though it is well-known that these quantities are not physical, since they depend on the ga ...
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... is QCD coupled to a chiral sigma model. The theory thus preserves the symmetries of QCD. In this effective theory chiral symmetry is spontaneously broken and the degrees of freedom are constituent quarks which couple to colour singlet, sigma and pion fields as well as gluons. ...
Octonion model of dark matter
Octonion model of dark matter

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Reply to" Comment on" Galilean invariance at quantum Hall edge""
Reply to" Comment on" Galilean invariance at quantum Hall edge""

... after taking this into account, the numerical prefactors extracted from Eqs. (1) and (7) differ by a factor of 1/2. We revised carefully our calculation and realized that in [1] we have incorrectly treated the velocity field v i as independent when deriving the consistent current as a variation of t ...
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Inclusive DIS in saturation models

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Grand Unified Theory

A Grand Unified Theory (GUT) is a model in particle physics in which at high energy, the three gauge interactions of the Standard Model which define the electromagnetic, weak, and strong interactions or forces, are merged into one single force. This unified interaction is characterized by one larger gauge symmetry and thus several force carriers, but one unified coupling constant. If Grand Unification is realized in nature, there is the possibility of a grand unification epoch in the early universe in which the fundamental forces are not yet distinct.Models that do not unify all interactions using one simple Lie group as the gauge symmetry, but do so using semisimple groups, can exhibit similar properties and are sometimes referred to as Grand Unified Theories as well.Unifying gravity with the other three interactions would provide a theory of everything (TOE), rather than a GUT. Nevertheless, GUTs are often seen as an intermediate step towards a TOE.The novel particles predicted by GUT models are expected to have energies around the GUT scale—just a few orders of magnitude below the Planck scale—and so will be well beyond the reach of any foreseen particle collider experiments. Therefore, the particles predicted by GUT models will be unable to be observed directly and instead the effects of grand unification might be detected through indirect observations such as proton decay, electric dipole moments of elementary particles, or the properties of neutrinos. Some grand unified theories predict the existence of magnetic monopoles.As of 2012, all GUT models which aim to be completely realistic are quite complicated, even compared to the Standard Model, because they need to introduce additional fields and interactions, or even additional dimensions of space. The main reason for this complexity lies in the difficulty of reproducing the observed fermion masses and mixing angles. Due to this difficulty, and due to the lack of any observed effect of grand unification so far, there is no generally accepted GUT model.
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