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on the fine structure of spacetime
on the fine structure of spacetime

Ernest Rutherford and the Discovery of the Atomic Nucleus
Ernest Rutherford and the Discovery of the Atomic Nucleus

... Physics – the discovery of the atomic nucleus. By this and other discoveries E. Rutherford became known as the father of nuclear physics. It is worth mentioning knowledge on the atom at some time before the discovery. During 19th century it was established a concept of the atom as an elementary unit ...
The quark model and deep inelastic scattering
The quark model and deep inelastic scattering

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Introduction to Atoms

... Atom that has the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons • A. proton • B. electron • C. isotope • D. neutron ...
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Higgs-‐Englert boson and vacuity: A parallelism between the vision

... The   problem   arises:   how   do   these   “savors”   acquire   a   mass?   If   they   do   not   possess   any   intrinsic   mass,   where   are   the   observed   masses   in   nature   coming   from  and  why  the  elementary  parti ...
Chapter 10
Chapter 10

38 Elementary Particle - Farmingdale State College
38 Elementary Particle - Farmingdale State College

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Lecture 1

On-site correlations in optical lattices: Band mixing
On-site correlations in optical lattices: Band mixing

Chapter 6: Elementary Particle Physics and The Unification of The
Chapter 6: Elementary Particle Physics and The Unification of The

... with charges of +2/3 and 1/3 of the electronic charge. (Recall that the up quark has a charge of +2/3, whereas the down quark has a charge of 1/3.) There is thus, experimental evidence for the quark structure of the proton. Similar experiments have also been performed on neutrons with the same suc ...
PPT
PPT

... Weak processes in neutron decay exist in which the conservation of energy and momentum appears to be violated, because W boson appears during an intermediate stage of the process, even though there isn’t enough energy to create such massive particle. How can we explain it? ...
URL - StealthSkater
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... gauge potentials correspond to projections of SU(3) Killing vector fields much like in KaluzaKlein approach. (d) These gauge fields are Classical and do not yet correspond to elementary particles which actually corresponds to 3-dimensional light-like surfaces, orbits of 2-D partons. The handle numbe ...
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Chapter 13 Review

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Bose-Einstein condensates

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ppt - Pierre-Hugues Beauchemin

Search for Signatures of New Heavy Top Quark of the Fourth
Search for Signatures of New Heavy Top Quark of the Fourth

... The recent results of the SM Higgs boson at the LHC have significantly impacted the prospects and focus of heavy quark searches. In particular, the observation of a new boson by the ATLAS [1] and CMS [2] Collaborations with a mass of ~126 GeV and couplings close to those expected for the SM Higgs bo ...
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More - IFM

... If all the  decays proceeded from the ground state of the parent nucleus to the ground state of the daughter nucleus, the emitted  particles would all have the same energy related to total energy available Q by Equation 11-36. When the energies of the emitted  particles are measured with high res ...
How to Determine the Probability of the Higgs Boson Detection
How to Determine the Probability of the Higgs Boson Detection

... priori probabilities for the existence of a given particle. The standard procedure: polling. ‘Prediction is very difficult, especially about the future.’ Niels Bohr Elections are a well-known example where the probability is of public interest. The outcome is usuallly forecasted by polls. This can b ...
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From Fractional Quantum Hall Effect To Fractional Chern Insulator

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Grand Unified Theory

A Grand Unified Theory (GUT) is a model in particle physics in which at high energy, the three gauge interactions of the Standard Model which define the electromagnetic, weak, and strong interactions or forces, are merged into one single force. This unified interaction is characterized by one larger gauge symmetry and thus several force carriers, but one unified coupling constant. If Grand Unification is realized in nature, there is the possibility of a grand unification epoch in the early universe in which the fundamental forces are not yet distinct.Models that do not unify all interactions using one simple Lie group as the gauge symmetry, but do so using semisimple groups, can exhibit similar properties and are sometimes referred to as Grand Unified Theories as well.Unifying gravity with the other three interactions would provide a theory of everything (TOE), rather than a GUT. Nevertheless, GUTs are often seen as an intermediate step towards a TOE.The novel particles predicted by GUT models are expected to have energies around the GUT scale—just a few orders of magnitude below the Planck scale—and so will be well beyond the reach of any foreseen particle collider experiments. Therefore, the particles predicted by GUT models will be unable to be observed directly and instead the effects of grand unification might be detected through indirect observations such as proton decay, electric dipole moments of elementary particles, or the properties of neutrinos. Some grand unified theories predict the existence of magnetic monopoles.As of 2012, all GUT models which aim to be completely realistic are quite complicated, even compared to the Standard Model, because they need to introduce additional fields and interactions, or even additional dimensions of space. The main reason for this complexity lies in the difficulty of reproducing the observed fermion masses and mixing angles. Due to this difficulty, and due to the lack of any observed effect of grand unification so far, there is no generally accepted GUT model.
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