Monte Carlo simulation of light scattering in the atmosphere and
... is the average distance that a photon travels before being scattered. For a given number of photons N traveling across an infinitesimal distance dl, the amount scattered is given by dN scat = N × dl/Λ. Density and Λ are inversely related such that a higher value of Λ is equivalent to a lower density ...
... is the average distance that a photon travels before being scattered. For a given number of photons N traveling across an infinitesimal distance dl, the amount scattered is given by dN scat = N × dl/Λ. Density and Λ are inversely related such that a higher value of Λ is equivalent to a lower density ...
Coatings - CVI Laser Optics
... exception of certain laser systems and electro-optic devices, the transmission properties of light through an optical system can be well predicted and rationalized by wave theory. ...
... exception of certain laser systems and electro-optic devices, the transmission properties of light through an optical system can be well predicted and rationalized by wave theory. ...
Optical frequency combs: From frequency metrology to - JILA-PFC
... been given by Knight [9]. The first frequency measurement of a laser was performed as early as 1967 by Javan et al. at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) [36]. In those experiments, far-infrared laser transitions of a CN gas laser around 900 GHz were measured with an uncertainty of a fe ...
... been given by Knight [9]. The first frequency measurement of a laser was performed as early as 1967 by Javan et al. at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) [36]. In those experiments, far-infrared laser transitions of a CN gas laser around 900 GHz were measured with an uncertainty of a fe ...
Full-Text PDF
... is the circular aperture result. A non-zero imaginary part of the refractive index, κ, will cause absorption. However, significant absorption, such that the scattering phase function changes, is governed by another universal parameter κkR [12]. When κkR < 0.1, absorption is relatively insignificant; ...
... is the circular aperture result. A non-zero imaginary part of the refractive index, κ, will cause absorption. However, significant absorption, such that the scattering phase function changes, is governed by another universal parameter κkR [12]. When κkR < 0.1, absorption is relatively insignificant; ...
Light scattering properties for spherical and cylindrical particles: a
... The rigorous formulas in Mie theory are series on multipolar number n. Such representation is very inconvenient in the practical applications and more simple approximating formulas are often used instead of them. Usually, the range of applicability of these approaches is not wide and depends on the ...
... The rigorous formulas in Mie theory are series on multipolar number n. Such representation is very inconvenient in the practical applications and more simple approximating formulas are often used instead of them. Usually, the range of applicability of these approaches is not wide and depends on the ...
Retarder Principles
... In figure 2-5, linearly polarized light is converted to righthand circular polarized light by the quarter-wave retarder. Upon exiting the quarter-wave retarder, light polarized parallel to the slow axis is retarded by 1/4 wave relative to light polarized along the fast axis. When recombined, the exi ...
... In figure 2-5, linearly polarized light is converted to righthand circular polarized light by the quarter-wave retarder. Upon exiting the quarter-wave retarder, light polarized parallel to the slow axis is retarded by 1/4 wave relative to light polarized along the fast axis. When recombined, the exi ...
A pulsed dye laser for photo-ionization of magnesium atoms
... This system is pumped by a bulky argon ion laser, it contains an elaborate resonator and a resonant enhancement cavity for frequency doubling. Furthermore, it will be used in near future for a lithium ion trap experiment. This thesis reports on the demonstration of a pulsed dye laser system pumped b ...
... This system is pumped by a bulky argon ion laser, it contains an elaborate resonator and a resonant enhancement cavity for frequency doubling. Furthermore, it will be used in near future for a lithium ion trap experiment. This thesis reports on the demonstration of a pulsed dye laser system pumped b ...
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP)
... To calculate the average inter band oscillator wavelength λo and the average oscillator strength So, for ZnO/ PVA nanocomposite films, the single oscillator model equation has been considered as [38]: ...
... To calculate the average inter band oscillator wavelength λo and the average oscillator strength So, for ZnO/ PVA nanocomposite films, the single oscillator model equation has been considered as [38]: ...
O stars with weak winds: the Galactic case - Max-Planck
... TLUSTY spectra with effective temperatures bracketing this value were convolved to take into account the rotational velocity and instrumental resolution, and the resulting spectra were compared to the observed profiles of the He i λ4471 and He ii λ4542 lines. The best fit led to the constraint on Te ...
... TLUSTY spectra with effective temperatures bracketing this value were convolved to take into account the rotational velocity and instrumental resolution, and the resulting spectra were compared to the observed profiles of the He i λ4471 and He ii λ4542 lines. The best fit led to the constraint on Te ...
An analytical approach to optimize AC biasing of bolometers
... As we have seen in previous section, the use of an AC bias has the advantage of presenting a noise spectrum flat down to very low frequencies, while DC biased readouts show a large 1/f component at frequencies less than about 10 Hz. The modulation frequency of the electronics will be chosen therefor ...
... As we have seen in previous section, the use of an AC bias has the advantage of presenting a noise spectrum flat down to very low frequencies, while DC biased readouts show a large 1/f component at frequencies less than about 10 Hz. The modulation frequency of the electronics will be chosen therefor ...
Introduction - Strathprints
... substrate at z = 0. The relationship between the laboratory and crystallographic axes will be defined later. Each slab is defined with its own complex refractive index, ni and ni at the fundamental and harmonic 2 frequencies respectively. The fundamental wave is incident at the medium 1/med ...
... substrate at z = 0. The relationship between the laboratory and crystallographic axes will be defined later. Each slab is defined with its own complex refractive index, ni and ni at the fundamental and harmonic 2 frequencies respectively. The fundamental wave is incident at the medium 1/med ...
Methods of measuring the modulation transfer function
... input gives an output that consists of harmonics of the input in addition to the fundamental frequency; this has been studied experimentally by Wilczynski [14]. The effect is shown in figure 1, where a sinusoidal input exposure is transferred through the transmittance-exposure curve; the output is n ...
... input gives an output that consists of harmonics of the input in addition to the fundamental frequency; this has been studied experimentally by Wilczynski [14]. The effect is shown in figure 1, where a sinusoidal input exposure is transferred through the transmittance-exposure curve; the output is n ...
Coupling effect between two adjacent chiral structure layers
... adjusting the permittivity and permeability to be negative simultaneously. Although negative permeability (using split ring resonators) can be easily obtained in the microwave frequency range, that is not the case in the optical frequency range [16,17]. Recently, it has been proposed that a negative ...
... adjusting the permittivity and permeability to be negative simultaneously. Although negative permeability (using split ring resonators) can be easily obtained in the microwave frequency range, that is not the case in the optical frequency range [16,17]. Recently, it has been proposed that a negative ...
Assessment of optical systems by means of point
... It was mentioned above that the assessment of the quality of a highly specified optical system has to be done in the wavefront domain down to a fraction of the wavelength of the light. Interferometric methods are mostly used for this purpose. Although the achievable precision is very high, these met ...
... It was mentioned above that the assessment of the quality of a highly specified optical system has to be done in the wavefront domain down to a fraction of the wavelength of the light. Interferometric methods are mostly used for this purpose. Although the achievable precision is very high, these met ...
Structural and Optical Properties of Nanocrystalline ZnO
... 1300000) and PVP (M.W. 8000) in other reports8,11. However, it was observed that there was a difference between the size measurement by two methods like XRD and TEM. The reason is well known. In TEM, the grain size was measured by the difference between the visible grain boundaries while in the XRD ...
... 1300000) and PVP (M.W. 8000) in other reports8,11. However, it was observed that there was a difference between the size measurement by two methods like XRD and TEM. The reason is well known. In TEM, the grain size was measured by the difference between the visible grain boundaries while in the XRD ...
Guided-mode triggered switching between TE orders of a metal
... order cancels and the -1st order is maximum under the Littrow condition. The considered optogeometrical parameters are the same as those of the plasmonic structure [2] to permit a comparison of the optical function: 22 degree incidence and λ/Λ = 633/844 nm/nm = 0.75 with air overlay in the absence o ...
... order cancels and the -1st order is maximum under the Littrow condition. The considered optogeometrical parameters are the same as those of the plasmonic structure [2] to permit a comparison of the optical function: 22 degree incidence and λ/Λ = 633/844 nm/nm = 0.75 with air overlay in the absence o ...