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History of the Atom
History of the Atom

... Based on earlier work by E. Goldstein (1886) Millikan, Thomson and coworkers proposed the presence of a positively charged particle called the proton Goldstein observed what he called canal rays while using a cathode ray tube with the rays traveling in the opposite direction of Thomson’s ...
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... straight back. Rutherford stated, “It was as if you fired a shell at tissue paper and it came back and hit you.” ...
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Room: PHYS 238 Time: 9:00 10:15 Monday and Wednesday

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From electrons to quarks – the development of Particle Physics

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Evolution of the Atomic Theory

... • 1. a large majority of alpha particles passed directly through the foil. • 2. few particles were deflected when shot at the foil. • 3. rarely, one particle would come back almost directly at the alpha source ...
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10. Nuclear fusion in stars

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2010 Q10 - Loreto Balbriggan

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Print/Download as PDF - Youth Science Canada
Print/Download as PDF - Youth Science Canada

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Answers to Cyclotron Questions File

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THE ATOM - Montgomery College

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Quiz 3-6 fy13 - Nuclear Chemistry practice

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Radioactivity - Garbally Chemistry

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Presentation - Flemish Supercomputer Centre

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Probing the Structure of Matter - Rutgers Physics

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IB HL Physics More Problems on Quantum and Nuclear Physics_

... In 1924, Davisson and Germer carried out an experiment in which electrons were accelerated through a potential difference of 54 V. The electrons were scattered at the surface of a nickel crystal. (i) ...
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CH17 Self Assessment

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Antimatter

In particle physics, antimatter is material composed of antiparticles, which have the same mass as particles of ordinary matter but opposite charges, as well as other particle properties such as lepton and baryon numbers and quantum spin. Collisions between particles and antiparticles lead to the annihilation of both, giving rise to variable proportions of intense photons (gamma rays), neutrinos, and less massive particle–antiparticle pairs. The total consequence of annihilation is a release of energy available for work, proportional to the total matter and antimatter mass, in accord with the mass–energy equivalence equation, E = mc2.Antiparticles bind with each other to form antimatter, just as ordinary particles bind to form normal matter. For example, a positron (the antiparticle of the electron) and an antiproton (the antiparticle of the proton) can form an antihydrogen atom. Physical principles indicate that complex antimatter atomic nuclei are possible, as well as anti-atoms corresponding to the known chemical elements. Studies of cosmic rays have identified both positrons and antiprotons, presumably produced by collisions between particles of ordinary matter. Satellite-based searches of cosmic rays for antideuteron and antihelium particles have yielded nothing. There is considerable speculation as to why the observable universe is composed almost entirely of ordinary matter, as opposed to a more even mixture of matter and antimatter. This asymmetry of matter and antimatter in the visible universe is one of the great unsolved problems in physics. The process by which this inequality between particles and antiparticles developed is called baryogenesis.Antimatter in the form of anti-atoms is one of the most difficult materials to produce. Antimatter in the form of individual anti-particles, however, is commonly produced by particle accelerators and in some types of radioactive decay. The nuclei of antihelium (both helium-3 and helium-4) have been artificially produced with difficulty. These are the most complex anti-nuclei so far observed.
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