Dohan, K., and N. Maximenko, 2010: Monitoring ocean currents with
... method involves using remotely sensed fields of sea surface height, surface winds, and sea surface temperature within a physical model to produce currents. Another involves determining surface velocity from paths of drifting surface buoys transmitted to satellite sensors. Additional methods include ...
... method involves using remotely sensed fields of sea surface height, surface winds, and sea surface temperature within a physical model to produce currents. Another involves determining surface velocity from paths of drifting surface buoys transmitted to satellite sensors. Additional methods include ...
Work plan of the EU Chairmanship_December 2016
... Reporting on implementation of RAP ML is carried out, utilising the ongoing follow-up organised by the leads of the individual actions and the mapping progress made around the Baltic Sea. RAP ML Actions are developed into a first set of concrete national and regional measures based on results o ...
... Reporting on implementation of RAP ML is carried out, utilising the ongoing follow-up organised by the leads of the individual actions and the mapping progress made around the Baltic Sea. RAP ML Actions are developed into a first set of concrete national and regional measures based on results o ...
DEEP SEA CORALS
... Lophelia is a reef-forming coral that provides a highly complex habitat supporting as diverse an array of life as some shallow water reef communities.5 It is found in every ocean except in the Polar Regions. Most Lophelia reefs are found at depths of 650-3,300 feet, though the deepest so far discove ...
... Lophelia is a reef-forming coral that provides a highly complex habitat supporting as diverse an array of life as some shallow water reef communities.5 It is found in every ocean except in the Polar Regions. Most Lophelia reefs are found at depths of 650-3,300 feet, though the deepest so far discove ...
article - Aquatic Invasions
... P. marinus outside its native Northwestern Pacific habitat have been reported a number of times, particularly along the west coast of NorthAmerica (e.g. Lawrence and Cordell 2010) and more recently in the Mediterranean Sea (Olazabal and Tirelli 2011). The detailed morphological analyses presented he ...
... P. marinus outside its native Northwestern Pacific habitat have been reported a number of times, particularly along the west coast of NorthAmerica (e.g. Lawrence and Cordell 2010) and more recently in the Mediterranean Sea (Olazabal and Tirelli 2011). The detailed morphological analyses presented he ...
NGU Report 2006.067 Sediment composition and heavy
... Atlantic Current (NAC). In September, the entire Barents Sea is more or less completely icefree. There are three main types of water masses in the Barents Sea: (1) warm, saline Atlantic water (temperature >3°C, salinity >35 ‰) being part of the NAC including the West Spitsbergen Current (WSC), (2) c ...
... Atlantic Current (NAC). In September, the entire Barents Sea is more or less completely icefree. There are three main types of water masses in the Barents Sea: (1) warm, saline Atlantic water (temperature >3°C, salinity >35 ‰) being part of the NAC including the West Spitsbergen Current (WSC), (2) c ...
16_3eTIF
... zones based on depth. Pelagic waters extend from epipelagic zones near the surface down to haldalpelagic zones at depths below 19,700 feet. Surface waters that receive adequate light for photosynthesis are considered to be in the photic zone, and waters above the continental shelves are said to be i ...
... zones based on depth. Pelagic waters extend from epipelagic zones near the surface down to haldalpelagic zones at depths below 19,700 feet. Surface waters that receive adequate light for photosynthesis are considered to be in the photic zone, and waters above the continental shelves are said to be i ...
Water-mass transformation by sea ice in the
... formation of AABW, with considerable opposition from vertical mixing. However, due to the lack of assimilated surface data for these densities, as well as the spurious nature of AABW production in SOSE, we consider the transformation and formation rates for γn > 28.0 kg m−3 unreliable; they are bias ...
... formation of AABW, with considerable opposition from vertical mixing. However, due to the lack of assimilated surface data for these densities, as well as the spurious nature of AABW production in SOSE, we consider the transformation and formation rates for γn > 28.0 kg m−3 unreliable; they are bias ...
Sand and Sea – Teachings from the Southeastern Shoreline
... knowledge about the seas for thousands of years. As early as 2,000 B.C., the Egyptians were exploring the seas. In 325 B.C., one of the first documented marine biological laboratories was located along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, operating under the direction of Aristotle. Christopher Columb ...
... knowledge about the seas for thousands of years. As early as 2,000 B.C., the Egyptians were exploring the seas. In 325 B.C., one of the first documented marine biological laboratories was located along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, operating under the direction of Aristotle. Christopher Columb ...
Lozier 2010 - Sites@Duke
... peratures taken by the captain of a British the deep ocean exports these waters via a disslave-trade ship in 1751 was the cat- tributed upwelling to the surface. Furthermore, alyst for Count Rumford’s supposition, nearly he suggested that because such upwelling produces 50 years later, that ocean wa ...
... peratures taken by the captain of a British the deep ocean exports these waters via a disslave-trade ship in 1751 was the cat- tributed upwelling to the surface. Furthermore, alyst for Count Rumford’s supposition, nearly he suggested that because such upwelling produces 50 years later, that ocean wa ...
Research Article
... These protozoans were found at different depths in the Black sea, down to the depths of permanent hypoxia. Usually they registered in the top inch of the bottom sediment. Preliminary studies showed the presence of at least five, maybe new to science. We presume that these organisms are gromiids beca ...
... These protozoans were found at different depths in the Black sea, down to the depths of permanent hypoxia. Usually they registered in the top inch of the bottom sediment. Preliminary studies showed the presence of at least five, maybe new to science. We presume that these organisms are gromiids beca ...
5th International Workshop on Modeling the Ocean
... term can be transformed into a set of terms that do not contain any pressure quantities but do contain the time derivative of a wave-induced velocity. This wave-induced velocity is referred to as the pseudomomentum in the VL framework, as it is analogous to the generalized pseudomomentum in Andrews ...
... term can be transformed into a set of terms that do not contain any pressure quantities but do contain the time derivative of a wave-induced velocity. This wave-induced velocity is referred to as the pseudomomentum in the VL framework, as it is analogous to the generalized pseudomomentum in Andrews ...
Climate effects on Barents Sea ecosystem dynamics
... the warm-water-associated species Calanus helgolandicus has increased in abundance relative to its more cold-water-orientated congener C. finmarchicus, which in the past was the most abundant species in both numbers and biomass (Helaouët and Beaugrand, 2007; Falkenhaug and Omli, 2011). Southern par ...
... the warm-water-associated species Calanus helgolandicus has increased in abundance relative to its more cold-water-orientated congener C. finmarchicus, which in the past was the most abundant species in both numbers and biomass (Helaouët and Beaugrand, 2007; Falkenhaug and Omli, 2011). Southern par ...
Climate change and reduced ice cover significantly impact the
... a history of research on local and traditional knowledge and/or subsistence harvest surveys, which will provide useful information and a basis for identifying long-term trends and changes. Local and traditional knowledge (LTK) involves information, understanding, and wisdom accumulated over time bas ...
... a history of research on local and traditional knowledge and/or subsistence harvest surveys, which will provide useful information and a basis for identifying long-term trends and changes. Local and traditional knowledge (LTK) involves information, understanding, and wisdom accumulated over time bas ...
The Ocean Planet - South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium
... extend above the ocean’s surface to form oceanic islands. The Hawaiian Islands are seamounts which have grown above sea level. When measured from its base on the seafloor, Moana Loa on the Island of Hawaii is actually one of the largest mountains on earth, comparable in size to Mt. Everest. Just as ...
... extend above the ocean’s surface to form oceanic islands. The Hawaiian Islands are seamounts which have grown above sea level. When measured from its base on the seafloor, Moana Loa on the Island of Hawaii is actually one of the largest mountains on earth, comparable in size to Mt. Everest. Just as ...
as a PDF
... corporate stewardship of marine resources, In the USA, perhaps the most visible spokesperson for this movement has been publicist/authof/burcaucrat/oceanographcr Sylvia Earle, supported by a marine research and development military-industrial complex represented by individuals such as computer entre ...
... corporate stewardship of marine resources, In the USA, perhaps the most visible spokesperson for this movement has been publicist/authof/burcaucrat/oceanographcr Sylvia Earle, supported by a marine research and development military-industrial complex represented by individuals such as computer entre ...
Ocean page samples
... Complete the map of the world below marking in the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans and identifying the following currents - North Pacific, El Niño, Leeuwin, Antarctica, West wind drift, Humbolt, East Australian, Gulf Stream, Equatorial, North Equatorial, South Equatorial, South Atlantic. ...
... Complete the map of the world below marking in the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans and identifying the following currents - North Pacific, El Niño, Leeuwin, Antarctica, West wind drift, Humbolt, East Australian, Gulf Stream, Equatorial, North Equatorial, South Equatorial, South Atlantic. ...
Introduction To Marine Biology
... makes the subtidal zone the location of the majority of sea life. ...
... makes the subtidal zone the location of the majority of sea life. ...
Introduction – Chapter 1
... • The ocean covers 71% of the Earth’s surface • Accounts for >97% of the Earth’s water! • The average depth of the ocean is 3,800 meters (12,500 feet) and at its deepest depth is 7,000 ft greater than the highest elevation on land (Mt. Everest 29,000 ft; Mariana Trench 36,163 ft) • The average tempe ...
... • The ocean covers 71% of the Earth’s surface • Accounts for >97% of the Earth’s water! • The average depth of the ocean is 3,800 meters (12,500 feet) and at its deepest depth is 7,000 ft greater than the highest elevation on land (Mt. Everest 29,000 ft; Mariana Trench 36,163 ft) • The average tempe ...
Salinity (Marine) - Canadian Environmental Quality Guidelines
... Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences No. 56. Fisheries and Oceans, Ottawa. Voyer, R.A., and D.G. McGovern. 1991. Influence of constant and fluctuating salinity on responses of Mysidopsis bahia exposed to cadmium in a life-cycle test. Aquat. Toxicol. 19:215%230. Voyer, R.A., ...
... Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences No. 56. Fisheries and Oceans, Ottawa. Voyer, R.A., and D.G. McGovern. 1991. Influence of constant and fluctuating salinity on responses of Mysidopsis bahia exposed to cadmium in a life-cycle test. Aquat. Toxicol. 19:215%230. Voyer, R.A., ...
Phosphorus cycling in the Sargasso Sea: Investigation
... of alkaline phosphatase activity in seawater and phosphorus uptake measurements (Benitez-Nelson and Karl 2002; Vidal et al. 2003; Bjorkman and Karl 2003, 2005). A number of studies have shown that P is preferentially remineralized from dissolved organic matter relative to carbon, allowing efficient ...
... of alkaline phosphatase activity in seawater and phosphorus uptake measurements (Benitez-Nelson and Karl 2002; Vidal et al. 2003; Bjorkman and Karl 2003, 2005). A number of studies have shown that P is preferentially remineralized from dissolved organic matter relative to carbon, allowing efficient ...
Chapter 2
... South American, and Antarctic) as well as a number of minor ones for a total of about 13 plates. These are shown in figure 2.19 in the text. The largest of these is the Pacific plate. - Each lithospheric plate may include oceanic and/or continental crust. - The boundaries of these plates are outline ...
... South American, and Antarctic) as well as a number of minor ones for a total of about 13 plates. These are shown in figure 2.19 in the text. The largest of these is the Pacific plate. - Each lithospheric plate may include oceanic and/or continental crust. - The boundaries of these plates are outline ...
Contribution of the Black Sea observing system to ECOOP
... Relative variations of the sea level are measured with the error of about four centimetres. Such accuracy is sufficient for precise observations of mesoscale variability of the Black Sea basin. The along-track SLA data set is further processed at MHI NASU to exclude 30 km coastal zone known for the ...
... Relative variations of the sea level are measured with the error of about four centimetres. Such accuracy is sufficient for precise observations of mesoscale variability of the Black Sea basin. The along-track SLA data set is further processed at MHI NASU to exclude 30 km coastal zone known for the ...
Earthquakes
... Tsunami Risk from the Canary Islands? At least a dozen major landslides on volcanoes have taken place over the past several million years along the Canary Islands. From: Ward, S.N. and Day, S.,2002, Cumbre Vieja Volcano—Potential collapse and tsunami at La Palma, Canary Islands. ...
... Tsunami Risk from the Canary Islands? At least a dozen major landslides on volcanoes have taken place over the past several million years along the Canary Islands. From: Ward, S.N. and Day, S.,2002, Cumbre Vieja Volcano—Potential collapse and tsunami at La Palma, Canary Islands. ...
The Red Sea: Birth of an Ocean
... some of the earliest speculations concerning the importance of “geological time” (Rawlinson 1858): …Suppose now that the Nile should change its course and flow into this gulf, the Red Sea: what is to prevent it from being silted up by the river within, say, twenty thousand years? Personally I think ...
... some of the earliest speculations concerning the importance of “geological time” (Rawlinson 1858): …Suppose now that the Nile should change its course and flow into this gulf, the Red Sea: what is to prevent it from being silted up by the river within, say, twenty thousand years? Personally I think ...
Sea
A sea is a large body of salt water that is surrounded in whole or in part by land. More broadly, the sea (with the definite article) is the interconnected system of Earth's salty, oceanic waters—considered as one global ocean or as several principal oceanic divisions. The sea moderates Earth's climate and has important roles in the water cycle, carbon cycle, and nitrogen cycle. Although the sea has been travelled and explored since prehistory, the modern scientific study of the sea—oceanography—dates broadly to the British Challenger expedition of the 1870s. The sea is conventionally divided into up to five large oceanic sections—including the IHO's four named oceans (the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Arctic) and the Southern Ocean; smaller, second-order sections, such as the Mediterranean, are known as seas.Owing to the present state of continental drift, the Northern Hemisphere is now fairly equally divided between land and sea (a ratio of about 2:3) but the South is overwhelmingly oceanic (1:4.7). Salinity in the open ocean is generally in a narrow band around 3.5% by mass, although this can vary in more landlocked waters, near the mouths of large rivers, or at great depths. About 85% of the solids in the open sea are sodium chloride. Deep-sea currents are produced by differences in salinity and temperature. Surface currents are formed by the friction of waves produced by the wind and by tides, the changes in local sea level produced by the gravity of the Moon and Sun. The direction of all of these is governed by surface and submarine land masses and by the rotation of the Earth (the Coriolis effect).Former changes in the sea levels have left continental shelves, shallow areas in the sea close to land. These nutrient-rich waters teem with life, which provide humans with substantial supplies of food—mainly fish, but also shellfish, mammals, and seaweed—which are both harvested in the wild and farmed. The most diverse areas surround great tropical coral reefs. Whaling in the deep sea was once common but whales' dwindling numbers prompted international conservation efforts and finally a moratorium on most commercial hunting. Oceanography has established that not all life is restricted to the sunlit surface waters: even under enormous depths and pressures, nutrients streaming from hydrothermal vents support their own unique ecosystem. Life may have started there and aquatic microbial mats are generally credited with the oxygenation of Earth's atmosphere; both plants and animals first evolved in the sea.The sea is an essential aspect of human trade, travel, mineral extraction, and power generation. This has also made it essential to warfare and left major cities exposed to earthquakes and volcanoes from nearby faults; powerful tsunami waves; and hurricanes, typhoons, and cyclones produced in the tropics. This importance and duality has affected human culture, from early sea gods to the epic poetry of Homer to the changes induced by the Columbian Exchange, from Viking funerals to Basho's haikus to hyperrealist marine art, and inspiring music ranging from the shanties in The Complaynt of Scotland to Rimsky-Korsakov's ""The Sea and Sinbad's Ship"" to A-mei's ""Listen to the Sea"". It is the scene of leisure activities including swimming, diving, surfing, and sailing. However, population growth, industrialization, and intensive farming have all contributed to present-day marine pollution. Atmospheric carbon dioxide is being absorbed in increasing amounts, lowering its pH in a process known as ocean acidification. The shared nature of the sea has made overfishing an increasing problem.