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Spinal cord - Pharmacy Fun
Spinal cord - Pharmacy Fun

... The anterior/ventral rami are distributed in two ways. In the thoracic region, the ventral rami form intercostal (between ribs) nerves which extend along the inferior margin of each rib and innervate the intercostal muscles and the skin over the thorax. The ventral rami of the cervical, lumbar, sacr ...
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... to the sufficient bone decompression. Disc herniation is often seen in the caudal of the nerve root. Although rare, it must be kept in mind that it can also be at the cephalic side, like in the lumbar disc herniation. When the nerve root is gently retracted to the cephalic side, the extruded disc he ...
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... inferior angle can easily be felt when it is approached from below, and it can be seen to move in an arch laterally and forwards around the chest wall when the arm is raised above the head. The inferior angle of the scapula is at the level of T7 vertebra and overlies rib 7. Clinical note: When a tho ...
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Vertebra



In the vertebrate spinal column, each vertebra is an irregular bone with a complex structure composed of bone and some hyaline cartilage, the proportions of which vary according to the segment of the backbone and the species of vertebrate animal.The basic configuration of a vertebra varies; the large part is the body, and the central part is the centrum. The upper and lower surfaces of the vertebra body give attachment to the intervertebral discs. The posterior part of a vertebra forms a vertebral arch, in eleven parts, consisting of two pedicles, two laminae, and seven processes. The laminae give attachment to the ligamenta flava. There are vertebral notches formed from the shape of the pedicles, which form the intervertebral foramina when the vertebrae articulate. These foramina are the entry and exit conducts for the spinal nerves. The body of the vertebra and the vertebral arch form the vertebral foramen, the larger, central opening that accommodates the spinal canal, which encloses and protects the spinal cord.Vertebrae articulate with each other to give strength and flexibility to the spinal column, and the shape at their back and front aspects determines the range of movement. Structurally, vertebrae are essentially alike across the vertebrate species, with the greatest difference seen between an aquatic animal and other vertebrate animals. As such, vertebrates take their name from the vertebrae that compose the vertebral column.
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