Temperature Tuning Characteristics of Periodically Poled Lithium
... prepared in this way is referred to as PPLN. PPLN has advantages over standard lithium niobate due to absence of walkoff and it is less susceptible to photorefractive effects. An additional advantage of PPLN is its design flexibility afforded by QPM. The ability to engineer the domain-periodicity fo ...
... prepared in this way is referred to as PPLN. PPLN has advantages over standard lithium niobate due to absence of walkoff and it is less susceptible to photorefractive effects. An additional advantage of PPLN is its design flexibility afforded by QPM. The ability to engineer the domain-periodicity fo ...
The Optics of the Spherical Fish Lens
... cortex, forms a perfect image of a distant external object on the posterior surface of the lens. The Luneburg lens gradient has the form: ...
... cortex, forms a perfect image of a distant external object on the posterior surface of the lens. The Luneburg lens gradient has the form: ...
Systematic study of spontaneous emission in a two
... first discovered by Purcell [3], and the spontaneous emission (SE) can be enhanced if the emitting atom is coupled to a cavity resonator. According to the quantum electrodynamics theory, the SE of an atom can be a weak-coupling radiation process due to the vacuum fluctuations of the electromagnetic ...
... first discovered by Purcell [3], and the spontaneous emission (SE) can be enhanced if the emitting atom is coupled to a cavity resonator. According to the quantum electrodynamics theory, the SE of an atom can be a weak-coupling radiation process due to the vacuum fluctuations of the electromagnetic ...
Conference title, upper and lower case, bolded, 18 point type
... naturally has the characteristics of negligible S and high NA within the above range of 1.5 RIC 1.75 . And only within 1.5 RIC 1.75 , the maximum lateral resolution of the microsphere might be obtained. The above conclusion will further be proved by the FDTD method. Here, the x linearly pola ...
... naturally has the characteristics of negligible S and high NA within the above range of 1.5 RIC 1.75 . And only within 1.5 RIC 1.75 , the maximum lateral resolution of the microsphere might be obtained. The above conclusion will further be proved by the FDTD method. Here, the x linearly pola ...
ller cells separate between wavelengths to
... (see Methods). The results of the simulations are robust (Supplementary Fig. 2), and show that Müller cells efficiency as light guides varies with wavelength. Representative light distributions, propagating through a Müller cell for blue (430 nm) and green-yellow (560 nm) wavelengths can be seen in ...
... (see Methods). The results of the simulations are robust (Supplementary Fig. 2), and show that Müller cells efficiency as light guides varies with wavelength. Representative light distributions, propagating through a Müller cell for blue (430 nm) and green-yellow (560 nm) wavelengths can be seen in ...
Introduction The acronym LASER, which stands for light
... called the ground state. All higher energy states are called excited states. Excited states are intrinsically unstable and a particle occupying one will eventually lose energy and fall to lower energy states. When a particle falls from a higher energy state to a lower, energy is conserved. The energ ...
... called the ground state. All higher energy states are called excited states. Excited states are intrinsically unstable and a particle occupying one will eventually lose energy and fall to lower energy states. When a particle falls from a higher energy state to a lower, energy is conserved. The energ ...
TAP 313 - 1: Polarisation of waves
... light are observed, showing the stress patterns in the plastic (different colours having their directions of vibration rotated by different amounts according to internal stress in the sample). Acetate strips can have a notch cut in them and be stressed effectively between crossed polaroids, illustra ...
... light are observed, showing the stress patterns in the plastic (different colours having their directions of vibration rotated by different amounts according to internal stress in the sample). Acetate strips can have a notch cut in them and be stressed effectively between crossed polaroids, illustra ...
Theory of resonance shifts in TE and TM whispering
... For given n1, n2, and np, 共␦k / k0兲TM ⬀ Rl. From Fig. 2 we find that 兩共␦k / k0兲TM兩 for v = 2 and v = 3 at np = 1.6 are only 1.2% and 1.7%, respectively, less than that for v = 1. If the TM resonance shift is used in the WGM sensor to estimate the thickness of adsorption layer, the error that is due ...
... For given n1, n2, and np, 共␦k / k0兲TM ⬀ Rl. From Fig. 2 we find that 兩共␦k / k0兲TM兩 for v = 2 and v = 3 at np = 1.6 are only 1.2% and 1.7%, respectively, less than that for v = 1. If the TM resonance shift is used in the WGM sensor to estimate the thickness of adsorption layer, the error that is due ...
Sign convention
... Light travels left to right Distances to the right are + Heights above the axis are + The radius of a surface is + if its center of curvature is to the right • Focal lengths of converging elements are + • Light traveling in a – direction (after a mirror) uses distances and indices that are negative ...
... Light travels left to right Distances to the right are + Heights above the axis are + The radius of a surface is + if its center of curvature is to the right • Focal lengths of converging elements are + • Light traveling in a – direction (after a mirror) uses distances and indices that are negative ...
Superresolution size determination in fluorescence microscopy: A
... tion in the image data file. Distances between such objects down to about 15 nm have been measured with a precision 共95% confidence limit兲 as good as 10 nm using optically ‘‘conventional’’ fluorescence microscopes.19,24 In this article, results from a different far field light microscopical approach ...
... tion in the image data file. Distances between such objects down to about 15 nm have been measured with a precision 共95% confidence limit兲 as good as 10 nm using optically ‘‘conventional’’ fluorescence microscopes.19,24 In this article, results from a different far field light microscopical approach ...
chapter 6 optical amplifiers
... • Semiconductor optical amplifiers are similar in construction to semiconductor lasers. They consist of a gain (active) section and a passive section constructed of a semiconductor material such as indium phosphide. The main difference is that SOAs are made with layers of antireflection coatings to ...
... • Semiconductor optical amplifiers are similar in construction to semiconductor lasers. They consist of a gain (active) section and a passive section constructed of a semiconductor material such as indium phosphide. The main difference is that SOAs are made with layers of antireflection coatings to ...
Galileoscope Optics Guide - Teaching with Telescopes
... parallel light rays down to a single point, called the focal point. You will notice that a converging lens has a curved surface and is thick in the middle and thin at the edges. Light rays that pass through the center of the lens will not change direction. Light rays that hit away from the center of ...
... parallel light rays down to a single point, called the focal point. You will notice that a converging lens has a curved surface and is thick in the middle and thin at the edges. Light rays that pass through the center of the lens will not change direction. Light rays that hit away from the center of ...
Ch 03 - Aberrations
... In Chap. 2 we discussed the image-forming characteristics of optical systems, but we limited our consideration to an infinitesimal threadlike region about the optical axis called the paraxial region. In this chapter we will consider, in general terms, the behavior of lenses with finite apertures and ...
... In Chap. 2 we discussed the image-forming characteristics of optical systems, but we limited our consideration to an infinitesimal threadlike region about the optical axis called the paraxial region. In this chapter we will consider, in general terms, the behavior of lenses with finite apertures and ...
Phase contrast and DIC - Nikon Imaging Center at UCSF
... of phase are all-important. Why then had phases never been considered before … in the microscope?” • Phases difficult to see – Must convert phase differences to intensity differences Frits Zernike ...
... of phase are all-important. Why then had phases never been considered before … in the microscope?” • Phases difficult to see – Must convert phase differences to intensity differences Frits Zernike ...
Retroreflector
A retroreflector (sometimes called a retroflector or cataphote) is a device or surface that reflects light back to its source with a minimum of scattering. In a retroreflector an electromagnetic wavefront is reflected back along a vector that is parallel to but opposite in direction from the wave's source. The angle of incidence at which the device or surface reflects light in this way is greater than zero, unlike a planar mirror, which does this only if the mirror is exactly perpendicular to the wave front, having a zero angle of incidence.