Bismuth-doped optical fibers: a challenging active medium
... fibers are one of the most efficient laser media. Fiber lasers have excellent beam quality and are the most efficient solid-state lasers. Until recently, only rare earth-doped optical fibers have been used in the construction of fiber lasers and optical amplifiers. At present, rare earth-doped fiber ...
... fibers are one of the most efficient laser media. Fiber lasers have excellent beam quality and are the most efficient solid-state lasers. Until recently, only rare earth-doped optical fibers have been used in the construction of fiber lasers and optical amplifiers. At present, rare earth-doped fiber ...
Total internal reflection fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy
... shown in Figure 2, the light spot on the adjustable mirror was imaged on the sample using a concave focusing mirror (focal length f = 50 mm) and two deflection mirrors, such that the illuminating beam was folded twice. The adjustable mirror was illuminated by a parallel collimated beam. When this mi ...
... shown in Figure 2, the light spot on the adjustable mirror was imaged on the sample using a concave focusing mirror (focal length f = 50 mm) and two deflection mirrors, such that the illuminating beam was folded twice. The adjustable mirror was illuminated by a parallel collimated beam. When this mi ...
op_bessel1 - School of Physics
... in an opaque screen represents an obstruction. On an observation screen placed after the hole, the pattern of light may show a set of bright and dark fringes around a central bright spot. Fraunhofer diffraction occurs when both the incident and diffracted waves are effectively plane. This occurs whe ...
... in an opaque screen represents an obstruction. On an observation screen placed after the hole, the pattern of light may show a set of bright and dark fringes around a central bright spot. Fraunhofer diffraction occurs when both the incident and diffracted waves are effectively plane. This occurs whe ...
Fraunhofer Diffraction from a circular aperture
... in an opaque screen represents an obstruction. On an observation screen placed after the hole, the pattern of light may show a set of bright and dark fringes around a central bright spot. Fraunhofer diffraction occurs when both the incident and diffracted waves are effectively plane. This occurs whe ...
... in an opaque screen represents an obstruction. On an observation screen placed after the hole, the pattern of light may show a set of bright and dark fringes around a central bright spot. Fraunhofer diffraction occurs when both the incident and diffracted waves are effectively plane. This occurs whe ...
Generation of vortex beams by an image-rotating - AS
... Vortex beams can be conveniently expressed as unique linear combinations of LaguerreGauss modes. These are cylindrically symmetric modes characterized by two integer indices, p and m, which are unaltered by propagation. A line integral of the phase gradient around the dark beam center is equal to (m ...
... Vortex beams can be conveniently expressed as unique linear combinations of LaguerreGauss modes. These are cylindrically symmetric modes characterized by two integer indices, p and m, which are unaltered by propagation. A line integral of the phase gradient around the dark beam center is equal to (m ...
Pdf - Text of NPTEL IIT Video Lectures
... Now, after objective there is a tube here, which connects the objective to the eye piece? The objective forms, which will be real and inverted image because the specimen is placed just one focal length away little farther from one focal length from the ah specimen. So, a real inverted image is form ...
... Now, after objective there is a tube here, which connects the objective to the eye piece? The objective forms, which will be real and inverted image because the specimen is placed just one focal length away little farther from one focal length from the ah specimen. So, a real inverted image is form ...
Large-Scale Optical-Field Measurements with Geometric Fibre Constructs
... fiber webs that can capture light intensity distributions at scales and practicability unachieved so far. The reduction of diameter brings also the possibility of waving these fibers into smart fabrics with novel capabilities to be used in a myriad of applications. Depending on the application, the ...
... fiber webs that can capture light intensity distributions at scales and practicability unachieved so far. The reduction of diameter brings also the possibility of waving these fibers into smart fabrics with novel capabilities to be used in a myriad of applications. Depending on the application, the ...
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... maximize the efficiency of the lamp, a parabolic reflector was designed. The intensity of UV radiation on the surface under the lamp (60 mm from the lamp) was measured with and without the parabolic reflector. Figure 6 shows the intensity map for the lamp with no cover. The lamp shows the highest ...
... maximize the efficiency of the lamp, a parabolic reflector was designed. The intensity of UV radiation on the surface under the lamp (60 mm from the lamp) was measured with and without the parabolic reflector. Figure 6 shows the intensity map for the lamp with no cover. The lamp shows the highest ...
The Electron Microscope as an Illustration of the Wave Nature of the
... Where sinα is known as the numerical aperture with α the acceptance angle of the objective. Since the electron wave has a wavelength of 10-12 metres, while the light wave has a value of 5 x 10-7 metres, at first sight it would seem that the resolving power of the electron microscope should be nearly ...
... Where sinα is known as the numerical aperture with α the acceptance angle of the objective. Since the electron wave has a wavelength of 10-12 metres, while the light wave has a value of 5 x 10-7 metres, at first sight it would seem that the resolving power of the electron microscope should be nearly ...
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE)
... Packet Switching (OPS) could become a viable candidate because of its high-speed, fine granularity switching, flexibility, and its ability to use the resources economically. As the network capacity increases, electronic switching nodes seem unable to keep up. Apart from that, electronic equipment is ...
... Packet Switching (OPS) could become a viable candidate because of its high-speed, fine granularity switching, flexibility, and its ability to use the resources economically. As the network capacity increases, electronic switching nodes seem unable to keep up. Apart from that, electronic equipment is ...
Utilizing a 4-F Fourier Optical System to Learn More About Image
... outward and hit the lens are emitted as a parallel beam. This parallel beam interferes with itself both constructively and destructively and the Fourier Transform is observed in the frequency domain at the distance of the lens’ focal length from the lens. The inverse is also true that rays traveling ...
... outward and hit the lens are emitted as a parallel beam. This parallel beam interferes with itself both constructively and destructively and the Fourier Transform is observed in the frequency domain at the distance of the lens’ focal length from the lens. The inverse is also true that rays traveling ...
Phonon Laser Action in a Tunable Two-Level System
... approach uses intermodal coupling induced by radiation pressure [15] and can also provide a spectrally selective means to detect phonons. Moreover, there is currently great interest in optomechanical cooling [16], and evidence of intermodal cooling is observed. Compound microcavity systems are somet ...
... approach uses intermodal coupling induced by radiation pressure [15] and can also provide a spectrally selective means to detect phonons. Moreover, there is currently great interest in optomechanical cooling [16], and evidence of intermodal cooling is observed. Compound microcavity systems are somet ...
Telescopes and spectrographs
... directly on a detector such as photographic film. Real images are those images made by the convergence of actual rays of light. However, when eyepiece lenses are used with telescopes, the final image formed by the telescope is said to be a virtual image, since it is situated at a location from which ...
... directly on a detector such as photographic film. Real images are those images made by the convergence of actual rays of light. However, when eyepiece lenses are used with telescopes, the final image formed by the telescope is said to be a virtual image, since it is situated at a location from which ...
Applications of scanning optical microscopy in materials science to
... 1320 nm. At this wavelength silicon is transparent (i.e. the imaginary part of the complex refractive index is zero) and the light scatters off the precipitates which are generally well under 1 mm in size. Mule’Stagno (1996) also correlated the signal scattered off these precipitates with the actual ...
... 1320 nm. At this wavelength silicon is transparent (i.e. the imaginary part of the complex refractive index is zero) and the light scatters off the precipitates which are generally well under 1 mm in size. Mule’Stagno (1996) also correlated the signal scattered off these precipitates with the actual ...
Retroreflector
A retroreflector (sometimes called a retroflector or cataphote) is a device or surface that reflects light back to its source with a minimum of scattering. In a retroreflector an electromagnetic wavefront is reflected back along a vector that is parallel to but opposite in direction from the wave's source. The angle of incidence at which the device or surface reflects light in this way is greater than zero, unlike a planar mirror, which does this only if the mirror is exactly perpendicular to the wave front, having a zero angle of incidence.