Direct observation of light focusing by single photoreceptor cell nuclei
... are arguments speaking for both the improvement of spatial vision [12] and for their role in colour vision [13–16] but it is certain that their raison d’être lies in optical processing of light before detection. One of the most recent findings [17] showed that the shape and RI distribution of retin ...
... are arguments speaking for both the improvement of spatial vision [12] and for their role in colour vision [13–16] but it is certain that their raison d’être lies in optical processing of light before detection. One of the most recent findings [17] showed that the shape and RI distribution of retin ...
Phase distortions in sum- and difference
... Dk fi 0. If there is linear absorption the phase of the wave that started with zero intensity will also become intensity dependent for Dk fi 0, unless a special condition of the absorption coefficients is met sai as 1 ap or ap ai 1 as d. If the third wave enters the crystal with nonzero intensit ...
... Dk fi 0. If there is linear absorption the phase of the wave that started with zero intensity will also become intensity dependent for Dk fi 0, unless a special condition of the absorption coefficients is met sai as 1 ap or ap ai 1 as d. If the third wave enters the crystal with nonzero intensit ...
Observation of sagittal X-ray diffraction by surface acoustic waves in
... been developed for the explanation of diffraction properties, especially the dependence of the diffracted intensity on the amplitude of the high-frequency signal applied to the device for the SAWs’ excitation (Punegov et al., 2010; Schelokov et al., 2004). The first example of such a device was repo ...
... been developed for the explanation of diffraction properties, especially the dependence of the diffracted intensity on the amplitude of the high-frequency signal applied to the device for the SAWs’ excitation (Punegov et al., 2010; Schelokov et al., 2004). The first example of such a device was repo ...
An accurate technique to record the angular distribution of
... largely index matched with the sample.) We have to distinguish between light that is reflected back on the illuminated region of the sample and the light which is reflected outside this area (see Fig. 3). In the first case, the light is scattered again by the sample and contributes in backscattering ...
... largely index matched with the sample.) We have to distinguish between light that is reflected back on the illuminated region of the sample and the light which is reflected outside this area (see Fig. 3). In the first case, the light is scattered again by the sample and contributes in backscattering ...
Comparison of the sensitivity of air and dielectric
... sample and find the sensitivity from Eq. (1). In Fig. 2, we show the sensitivity versus the refractive index change caused by the presence of the sample. Although there is no “standard” detection limit here we chose S = 0.5, at which the frequency shift is half the resonance linewidth. The solid hor ...
... sample and find the sensitivity from Eq. (1). In Fig. 2, we show the sensitivity versus the refractive index change caused by the presence of the sample. Although there is no “standard” detection limit here we chose S = 0.5, at which the frequency shift is half the resonance linewidth. The solid hor ...
A Michelson interferometric technique for measuring refractive index
... solids, and determine small changes in length quite precisely. The instrument can be used as a stable mode selecting resonator element in laser cavities as well. Interferometry has been used for thickness and index measurements of thin films 3 ,4 and optical fibers 5. In principle, these measurement ...
... solids, and determine small changes in length quite precisely. The instrument can be used as a stable mode selecting resonator element in laser cavities as well. Interferometry has been used for thickness and index measurements of thin films 3 ,4 and optical fibers 5. In principle, these measurement ...
Biomedical imaging in the undergraduate physics curriculum
... the microscope. The physics of contrast generation is a rich topic when discussed in a biological context, because cells are very commonly imaged specimens that are intrinsically clear and colorless and thus tend (under standard illumination and detection conditions) to generate images with very poo ...
... the microscope. The physics of contrast generation is a rich topic when discussed in a biological context, because cells are very commonly imaged specimens that are intrinsically clear and colorless and thus tend (under standard illumination and detection conditions) to generate images with very poo ...
The measurement of rough surface topography using coherence
... characterisation of rough surface topography using coherence scanning interferometry (commonly referred to as vertical scanning white light interferometry). This guide is aimed at users of coherence scanning interferometry for the optical measurement of surface texture within production and research ...
... characterisation of rough surface topography using coherence scanning interferometry (commonly referred to as vertical scanning white light interferometry). This guide is aimed at users of coherence scanning interferometry for the optical measurement of surface texture within production and research ...
Lab 8: Polarization of Light
... retarder; linear polarization is thus converted to elliptical polarization due to the arbitrary phase shift. The phase difference depends on the incident wavelength, the refractive indices (along the two different directhey don’t reduce the intensity of the incident light tions) and the thickness of ...
... retarder; linear polarization is thus converted to elliptical polarization due to the arbitrary phase shift. The phase difference depends on the incident wavelength, the refractive indices (along the two different directhey don’t reduce the intensity of the incident light tions) and the thickness of ...
Superluminal and Slow Light Propagation in a Room
... However, all of these techniques for producing both fast and slow light require complicated experimental configurations and/or low temperatures. In contrast to these techniques, we recently used a different quantum effect—coherent population oscillations—to produce a group velocity of 58 m/s at room ...
... However, all of these techniques for producing both fast and slow light require complicated experimental configurations and/or low temperatures. In contrast to these techniques, we recently used a different quantum effect—coherent population oscillations—to produce a group velocity of 58 m/s at room ...
Wave Optics Module Model Library
... Model the beam splitter in the 2D plane, as shown in Figure 1, under the assumption that the electric field is polarized perpendicular to the plane. A Gaussian beam of wavelength 700 nm propagates in the x direction through the glass prism of refractive index n = 1.5. A 13 nm thin layer of silver sa ...
... Model the beam splitter in the 2D plane, as shown in Figure 1, under the assumption that the electric field is polarized perpendicular to the plane. A Gaussian beam of wavelength 700 nm propagates in the x direction through the glass prism of refractive index n = 1.5. A 13 nm thin layer of silver sa ...
Fresnel`s Theory of wave propagation
... Wave Optics Huygen’s principle Fresnel-Kirchhoff integral Interference and diffraction lecture 3 ...
... Wave Optics Huygen’s principle Fresnel-Kirchhoff integral Interference and diffraction lecture 3 ...
Gauthier Abstracts - Department of Electronics
... Defects in photonic crystals are local regions in which the translational symmetry is broken. The same definition can be applied to photonic quasicrystals except in this case the symmetry is the 2π/n rotational symmetry, where n is the rotational fold number. In this context, if no such defects are ...
... Defects in photonic crystals are local regions in which the translational symmetry is broken. The same definition can be applied to photonic quasicrystals except in this case the symmetry is the 2π/n rotational symmetry, where n is the rotational fold number. In this context, if no such defects are ...
Nondiffracting Light Beams for Long Ranges
... will introduce at first generation of a LRNB of 10 cm diameter. The focal length f of the telescope’s objective is 40 cm, thus F (=f/D) is 4 and that of eyepiece is set to be 5 cm. Figure 4 shows a wave front which was formed by the Galilean telescope with eyepiece’s spherical aberration of 580μm. T ...
... will introduce at first generation of a LRNB of 10 cm diameter. The focal length f of the telescope’s objective is 40 cm, thus F (=f/D) is 4 and that of eyepiece is set to be 5 cm. Figure 4 shows a wave front which was formed by the Galilean telescope with eyepiece’s spherical aberration of 580μm. T ...
Deep Horizontal Atmospheric Turbulence Modeling and Simulation with a Liquid
... *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract We investigate the performance of a Liquid Crystal (LC) Spatial Light Modulator (SLM) as an optical device for generating high intensity atmospheric turbulence in the laboratory. The experimental setup represents long range horizontal beam propagation ...
... *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract We investigate the performance of a Liquid Crystal (LC) Spatial Light Modulator (SLM) as an optical device for generating high intensity atmospheric turbulence in the laboratory. The experimental setup represents long range horizontal beam propagation ...
Scanning angle total internal reflection Raman spectroscopy and
... In Chapter 3, improvement of the scanning angle TIR Raman microscope and a Raman signal enhancement technique are described for the TIR geometry using a thin, smooth, gold film at the prism / sample interface as a means to increase the magnitude of the mean squared electric field (MSEF) encountered ...
... In Chapter 3, improvement of the scanning angle TIR Raman microscope and a Raman signal enhancement technique are described for the TIR geometry using a thin, smooth, gold film at the prism / sample interface as a means to increase the magnitude of the mean squared electric field (MSEF) encountered ...
Graded Index Fiber
... Meridional ray A enters the fiber core at an angle θa. Incident ray b at an angle greater than θa is refracted into the cladding an ...
... Meridional ray A enters the fiber core at an angle θa. Incident ray b at an angle greater than θa is refracted into the cladding an ...
Propagation and refraction of chemical waves generated by local
... conditions with ex = 0.8, 1.0, and 1.1, respectively; A = 1.0; size of the pacemakers is 10 s.u. Wave splitting is marked by arrows in 共b兲, 1:1 phase locking OP waves in 共c兲, and local propagation failures are enclosed by dashed circles in 共d兲. ...
... conditions with ex = 0.8, 1.0, and 1.1, respectively; A = 1.0; size of the pacemakers is 10 s.u. Wave splitting is marked by arrows in 共b兲, 1:1 phase locking OP waves in 共c兲, and local propagation failures are enclosed by dashed circles in 共d兲. ...
5. INTERFERENCE. Introduction.
... Each value of m is represented by a hyperboloid with the positive values on the right hand side of the mid-line with r1 r2 and the midline (or in 3D a plane perpendicular to the page) where r1 r2 and the left hand side hyperboloids for r1 r2 . A screen placed as a plane intersecting this set o ...
... Each value of m is represented by a hyperboloid with the positive values on the right hand side of the mid-line with r1 r2 and the midline (or in 3D a plane perpendicular to the page) where r1 r2 and the left hand side hyperboloids for r1 r2 . A screen placed as a plane intersecting this set o ...
Super-Resolution Microscopy: Interference and Pattern Techniques
... Figure 9.2 Illumination path in structured illumination microscopy. For the illumination with two coherent beams (setup c), the spatial modulation of the illumination intensity (a) is one dimensional (x-direction). In the case of an interference of three beams (setup d), the modulation is two dimens ...
... Figure 9.2 Illumination path in structured illumination microscopy. For the illumination with two coherent beams (setup c), the spatial modulation of the illumination intensity (a) is one dimensional (x-direction). In the case of an interference of three beams (setup d), the modulation is two dimens ...
Computational photography with plenoptic camera and light field
... community [24]. Note that the term “light field” was first used in a translated work on illumination engineering in the 1930s [23,25], but this is not in the sense of an electromagnetic field, which underlines the principles of optics [26]. The value of Lu; v; x; y is the amount of light—known as ...
... community [24]. Note that the term “light field” was first used in a translated work on illumination engineering in the 1930s [23,25], but this is not in the sense of an electromagnetic field, which underlines the principles of optics [26]. The value of Lu; v; x; y is the amount of light—known as ...
A high-resolution magnetic tweezer for single
... bead heights, corresponding to the open and closed state of the DNA hairpin S20T8 (Figure 4b and c). For the same change in bead height, the RICM fringes varied much more than the diffraction fringes, indicating the intrinsically higher sensitivity of the RICM-based method. In particular, the first di ...
... bead heights, corresponding to the open and closed state of the DNA hairpin S20T8 (Figure 4b and c). For the same change in bead height, the RICM fringes varied much more than the diffraction fringes, indicating the intrinsically higher sensitivity of the RICM-based method. In particular, the first di ...
Surface plasmon resonance microscopy
Surface Plasmon Resonance Microscopy (SPRM) is a label free analytical tool that combines the surface plasmon resonance of metallic surfaces with imaging of the metallic surface.The heterogeneity of the refractive index of the metallic surface imparts high contrast images, caused by the shift in the resonance angle.SPRM can achieve a thickness sensitivity of few tenths of nanometer and lateral resolution achieves values of micrometer scale.SPRM is used to characterize surfaces, self-assembled monolayers, multilayer films, metal nanoparticles, oligonucleotides arrays, binding and reduction reactions.Surface Plasmon polaritons are surface electromagnetic waves coupled to oscillating free electrons of a metallic surface that propagate along a metal/dielectric interface.Since polaritons are highly sensitive to small changes in the refractive index of the metallic material,it can be used as a biosensing tool that does not require labeling. SPRM measurements can be made in real-time.Wang and collaborators studied the binding kinetics of membrane proteins in single cells.The experimental setup of an SPRM can be seen in the Figure 1, where an adherent cell is grown on a gold film and placed in an inverted microscope, p-polarized light was used to create the surface plasmons on the gold film and a CCD camera was used to create the SPR image.