Ohmic Contacts With Ultra-Low Optical Loss on Heavily Doped n
... introduced by the InGaAs and Q1.25 contact layers need to be studied first. This is particularly important for InGaAs, which has a bandgap energy of 0.74 eV, which is smaller than the photon energy in the telecommunication wavelength range. Therefore intrinsic InGaAs is usually used as the absorptio ...
... introduced by the InGaAs and Q1.25 contact layers need to be studied first. This is particularly important for InGaAs, which has a bandgap energy of 0.74 eV, which is smaller than the photon energy in the telecommunication wavelength range. Therefore intrinsic InGaAs is usually used as the absorptio ...
propagation of light in an optical fiber
... core, or decrease in wavelength) more values of m satisfy the condition and therefore have sustained propagation inside the fiber. The above phase condition can be satisfied only by discrete rays entering the structure i.e. rays at finite number of angles are accepted by the optical fiber. The ensem ...
... core, or decrease in wavelength) more values of m satisfy the condition and therefore have sustained propagation inside the fiber. The above phase condition can be satisfied only by discrete rays entering the structure i.e. rays at finite number of angles are accepted by the optical fiber. The ensem ...
feature article - Electrical and Computer Engineering
... metallic nanoparticle is the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). This resonance occurs when the correct wavelength of light strikes a metallic nanoparticle, causing the plasma of conduction electrons to oscillate collectively. The term LSPR is used because this collective oscillation is loca ...
... metallic nanoparticle is the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). This resonance occurs when the correct wavelength of light strikes a metallic nanoparticle, causing the plasma of conduction electrons to oscillate collectively. The term LSPR is used because this collective oscillation is loca ...
Fluorescence Fidelity Depends on Filters
... reduced compared to background fluorescence noise and for most cases it can be considered as a constant value that can be empirically determined. However, for low concentrations of fluorophores, especially in applications such as single-molecule imaging, it can be significant and requires careful c ...
... reduced compared to background fluorescence noise and for most cases it can be considered as a constant value that can be empirically determined. However, for low concentrations of fluorophores, especially in applications such as single-molecule imaging, it can be significant and requires careful c ...
Ray Model
... Since the dispersion is due to presence of multiple rays (modes), if only one ray is made to propagate inside the fiber, there is no dispersion. So if we take a value of small enough such that it satisfies the phase condition only the lowest value of , only one mode will propagate inside the fiber. ...
... Since the dispersion is due to presence of multiple rays (modes), if only one ray is made to propagate inside the fiber, there is no dispersion. So if we take a value of small enough such that it satisfies the phase condition only the lowest value of , only one mode will propagate inside the fiber. ...
Confocal Microscopy - Emory Physics
... sectioning (the rate at which the detected intensity drops off in the axial direction) depends strongly on the size of the pinhole.[11] It is tempting to assume that making the pinhole as small as possible is the best choice. However, as the pinhole size is reduced, so too are the number of photons ...
... sectioning (the rate at which the detected intensity drops off in the axial direction) depends strongly on the size of the pinhole.[11] It is tempting to assume that making the pinhole as small as possible is the best choice. However, as the pinhole size is reduced, so too are the number of photons ...
pdf file
... Online at stacks.iop.org/JPhysD/36/229 Abstract Studies using a terahertz (THz) imaging system have shown that focused THz electromagnetic pulses exhibit a ring-like spatial intensity distribution. In the study, almost half-cycle THz pulses were generated from a large-aperture photoconductive antenn ...
... Online at stacks.iop.org/JPhysD/36/229 Abstract Studies using a terahertz (THz) imaging system have shown that focused THz electromagnetic pulses exhibit a ring-like spatial intensity distribution. In the study, almost half-cycle THz pulses were generated from a large-aperture photoconductive antenn ...
Validity of the Rytov Approximation in Optical Propagation
... atmosphere. Furthermore, comparison of the limiting form for large xzkl of the validity condition derived in this paper with the condition on the validity of the Born approximation obtained independently by Mintzer, and by Kay and Silverman reveals that the Rytov and Born approximations have the sam ...
... atmosphere. Furthermore, comparison of the limiting form for large xzkl of the validity condition derived in this paper with the condition on the validity of the Born approximation obtained independently by Mintzer, and by Kay and Silverman reveals that the Rytov and Born approximations have the sam ...
Dispersion and Ultrashort Pulses
... Dispersion disperses a pulse in space (angle): “Angular dispersion” dn/d ...
... Dispersion disperses a pulse in space (angle): “Angular dispersion” dn/d ...
Accelerating Light Beams along Arbitrary Convex
... z ¼ 150 cm. Evidently, the beams accelerate along their predesigned curves, and are clearly discernable from one another, demonstrating our capability to form light beams which accelerate along any convex curve x ¼ fðzÞ. We now discuss the properties of the finite-power beams accelerating along arbi ...
... z ¼ 150 cm. Evidently, the beams accelerate along their predesigned curves, and are clearly discernable from one another, demonstrating our capability to form light beams which accelerate along any convex curve x ¼ fðzÞ. We now discuss the properties of the finite-power beams accelerating along arbi ...
RAYS, WAVES AND ASYMPTOTICS1 1. Introduction
... If the equation has "enough" product solutions, it may be possible to represent the solution of a particular problem as an integral or series of them with suitable coefficients. The theory of transforms-Fourier, Laplace, Hankel, Mellin, Lebedev, etc.-and the theory of orthogonal functions, were deve ...
... If the equation has "enough" product solutions, it may be possible to represent the solution of a particular problem as an integral or series of them with suitable coefficients. The theory of transforms-Fourier, Laplace, Hankel, Mellin, Lebedev, etc.-and the theory of orthogonal functions, were deve ...
MICROWAVE NOISE FIELD BEHAVES LIKE WHITE LIGHT J
... As an illustration, we can estimate the noise power generated by the earlier noise source with excess noise ratio ENR ∼ 30 dB, over 1 GHz bandwidth as 4 nW. As in optics, we can calculate the energy of radiation as e = hc/λ, where e [J] is photon energy, h = 6.63·10−34 J/s is the Planck constant, an ...
... As an illustration, we can estimate the noise power generated by the earlier noise source with excess noise ratio ENR ∼ 30 dB, over 1 GHz bandwidth as 4 nW. As in optics, we can calculate the energy of radiation as e = hc/λ, where e [J] is photon energy, h = 6.63·10−34 J/s is the Planck constant, an ...
Nanosphere Lithography: Effect of Substrate on the Localized
... red shift in the λmax of the LSPR was observed by comparing free Ag nanoparticles in a vacuum with those supported on SiO2. In this situation, the position of the Mie or localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) is determined by the following factors: (1) the dielectric properties of the substrate ...
... red shift in the λmax of the LSPR was observed by comparing free Ag nanoparticles in a vacuum with those supported on SiO2. In this situation, the position of the Mie or localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) is determined by the following factors: (1) the dielectric properties of the substrate ...
Size Influence on the Propagation Loss Induced by Sidewall
... Silicon–silicon dioxide (Si–SiO ) waveguides benefit from a large refractive index difference, inducing a high electromagnetic field confinement in the silicon guiding layer which in turn allows reducing the waveguide size to submicrometer values [3]. Nevertheless, in order to use SOI waveguides for ...
... Silicon–silicon dioxide (Si–SiO ) waveguides benefit from a large refractive index difference, inducing a high electromagnetic field confinement in the silicon guiding layer which in turn allows reducing the waveguide size to submicrometer values [3]. Nevertheless, in order to use SOI waveguides for ...
Template for Technical Memo - MZA Associates Corporation
... the source (receiver) to the receiver (source). Fried’s coherence length (r0) is a good representation of the spaitial extent of the turbulence. Since the turbulence can be different at the source and receiver, r01 and r02 will be used to indicate the coherence length at the source and receiver resp ...
... the source (receiver) to the receiver (source). Fried’s coherence length (r0) is a good representation of the spaitial extent of the turbulence. Since the turbulence can be different at the source and receiver, r01 and r02 will be used to indicate the coherence length at the source and receiver resp ...
Paper
... For low dressing beam intensity, the probe beam gain is due to the two-photon gain of individual atoms (Fig. 1b). By introducing the dressed atom picture [3], the optical gain can be understood as the gain of a fully inverted two-level system (Fig. 1c). The atoms in the condensate and the photons in ...
... For low dressing beam intensity, the probe beam gain is due to the two-photon gain of individual atoms (Fig. 1b). By introducing the dressed atom picture [3], the optical gain can be understood as the gain of a fully inverted two-level system (Fig. 1c). The atoms in the condensate and the photons in ...
Ellipsometry of light scattering from multilayer coatings
... 633-nm wavelength as a function of the incidence angle ~i! on an opaque ~150-nm-thick! Al layer deposited on a glass substrate by electron-beam evaporation. As shown in this figure, the agreement between theory and experiment is rather successful because the sample was of low quality. The complex in ...
... 633-nm wavelength as a function of the incidence angle ~i! on an opaque ~150-nm-thick! Al layer deposited on a glass substrate by electron-beam evaporation. As shown in this figure, the agreement between theory and experiment is rather successful because the sample was of low quality. The complex in ...
Mechanisms and energetics of surface reactions at the copper
... Due to the strong endergonicity (∆G° >> 0) of the anoxic oxidations 3, 4, and 5, and the very low corresponding equilibrium hydrogen pressures, none of these transformations are expected to be of importance under atmospheric hydrogen pressure. Because of the unusual anoxic conditions and long time-s ...
... Due to the strong endergonicity (∆G° >> 0) of the anoxic oxidations 3, 4, and 5, and the very low corresponding equilibrium hydrogen pressures, none of these transformations are expected to be of importance under atmospheric hydrogen pressure. Because of the unusual anoxic conditions and long time-s ...
Get
... laser operating at l 苷 514 nm is focused by an f 苷 150 mm cylindrical lens onto the input facet of a 3.7共x兲 mm 3 4.6共 y兲 mm 3 2.4共z兲 mm sample of zero-cut paraelectric potatssium lithium tantalate niobate at T 苷 20 ±C (with a critical temperature Tc 苷 11 ±C), giving rise to an approximately one-dime ...
... laser operating at l 苷 514 nm is focused by an f 苷 150 mm cylindrical lens onto the input facet of a 3.7共x兲 mm 3 4.6共 y兲 mm 3 2.4共z兲 mm sample of zero-cut paraelectric potatssium lithium tantalate niobate at T 苷 20 ±C (with a critical temperature Tc 苷 11 ±C), giving rise to an approximately one-dime ...
High-speed addressable confocal microscopy for functional imaging
... mirrors, to sequentially build up a complete image. In such mirror-based systems, the scanning mirrors also direct the fluorescence emission collected by the same objective lens back to the central optical axis, so that a stationary pinhole located in an image plane can act as a spatial filter for p ...
... mirrors, to sequentially build up a complete image. In such mirror-based systems, the scanning mirrors also direct the fluorescence emission collected by the same objective lens back to the central optical axis, so that a stationary pinhole located in an image plane can act as a spatial filter for p ...
PCF Based Sensor with High Sensitivity, High
... It is important to emphasize that, unlike traditional polarization-maintaining fibers [25], which comprise at least of two types of glass material, each one with a different thermal coefficient, the birefringence obtainable with PCFs is highly insensitive to temperature, which is a significant featu ...
... It is important to emphasize that, unlike traditional polarization-maintaining fibers [25], which comprise at least of two types of glass material, each one with a different thermal coefficient, the birefringence obtainable with PCFs is highly insensitive to temperature, which is a significant featu ...
TIE-29 Refractive Index and Dispersion
... SCHOTT N-BK7®. The rectangular boxes indicate the tolerance limits (steps) for the refractive index and the Abbe number. For example the largest box indicates the tolerance borders for step 3 in refractive index and step 3 in Abbe number. The smallest box indicates step 0.5 in refractive index an ...
... SCHOTT N-BK7®. The rectangular boxes indicate the tolerance limits (steps) for the refractive index and the Abbe number. For example the largest box indicates the tolerance borders for step 3 in refractive index and step 3 in Abbe number. The smallest box indicates step 0.5 in refractive index an ...
TIE-29 Refractive Index and Dispersion
... SCHOTT N-BK7®. The rectangular boxes indicate the tolerance limits (steps) for the refractive index and the Abbe number. For example the largest box indicates the tolerance borders for step 3 in refractive index and step 3 in Abbe number. The smallest box indicates step 0.5 in refractive index an ...
... SCHOTT N-BK7®. The rectangular boxes indicate the tolerance limits (steps) for the refractive index and the Abbe number. For example the largest box indicates the tolerance borders for step 3 in refractive index and step 3 in Abbe number. The smallest box indicates step 0.5 in refractive index an ...
Direct observation of light focusing by single photoreceptor cell nuclei
... are arguments speaking for both the improvement of spatial vision [12] and for their role in colour vision [13–16] but it is certain that their raison d’être lies in optical processing of light before detection. One of the most recent findings [17] showed that the shape and RI distribution of retin ...
... are arguments speaking for both the improvement of spatial vision [12] and for their role in colour vision [13–16] but it is certain that their raison d’être lies in optical processing of light before detection. One of the most recent findings [17] showed that the shape and RI distribution of retin ...
Dynamics of molecule-surface interactions from first
... in the theoretical description of surfaces and processes on surfaces. A variety of surface properties can now be described from first principles, i.e. without invoking any empirical parameters [1]. In particular, whole potential energy surfaces (PES) can nowadays be mapped out by total energy calcul ...
... in the theoretical description of surfaces and processes on surfaces. A variety of surface properties can now be described from first principles, i.e. without invoking any empirical parameters [1]. In particular, whole potential energy surfaces (PES) can nowadays be mapped out by total energy calcul ...
Surface plasmon resonance microscopy
Surface Plasmon Resonance Microscopy (SPRM) is a label free analytical tool that combines the surface plasmon resonance of metallic surfaces with imaging of the metallic surface.The heterogeneity of the refractive index of the metallic surface imparts high contrast images, caused by the shift in the resonance angle.SPRM can achieve a thickness sensitivity of few tenths of nanometer and lateral resolution achieves values of micrometer scale.SPRM is used to characterize surfaces, self-assembled monolayers, multilayer films, metal nanoparticles, oligonucleotides arrays, binding and reduction reactions.Surface Plasmon polaritons are surface electromagnetic waves coupled to oscillating free electrons of a metallic surface that propagate along a metal/dielectric interface.Since polaritons are highly sensitive to small changes in the refractive index of the metallic material,it can be used as a biosensing tool that does not require labeling. SPRM measurements can be made in real-time.Wang and collaborators studied the binding kinetics of membrane proteins in single cells.The experimental setup of an SPRM can be seen in the Figure 1, where an adherent cell is grown on a gold film and placed in an inverted microscope, p-polarized light was used to create the surface plasmons on the gold film and a CCD camera was used to create the SPR image.