ChromatiC dispersion
... At the interface of such a material with air or vacuum (index of ~1), Snell’s law predicts that light incident at an angle θ to the normal will be refracted at an angle arcsin( sin (θ) / n) . Thus, blue light, with a higher refractive index, will be bent more strongly than red light, resulting in th ...
... At the interface of such a material with air or vacuum (index of ~1), Snell’s law predicts that light incident at an angle θ to the normal will be refracted at an angle arcsin( sin (θ) / n) . Thus, blue light, with a higher refractive index, will be bent more strongly than red light, resulting in th ...
Imaging optical singularities; Understanding the duality of C-points and optical vortices
... for making monstars.7, 8, 20 Here we present a simpler approach that adapts well to the experiments. To make a C-point monstar we modify Eq. 11 to the form ψ = (cos β rei!φ + sin β re−i!φ eiγ )êR + aêL , ...
... for making monstars.7, 8, 20 Here we present a simpler approach that adapts well to the experiments. To make a C-point monstar we modify Eq. 11 to the form ψ = (cos β rei!φ + sin β re−i!φ eiγ )êR + aêL , ...
non linear optics - Department of Physics and astronomy, Faculty of
... between the frequency and the wave vector of a wave. The basic equation found implies that the amplitude of the newly produced wave is coupled through the nonlinear constant d to the incoming wave. There is an energy flow from the wave at frequencies 1 and 2 to the wave at frequency 1. At the sam ...
... between the frequency and the wave vector of a wave. The basic equation found implies that the amplitude of the newly produced wave is coupled through the nonlinear constant d to the incoming wave. There is an energy flow from the wave at frequencies 1 and 2 to the wave at frequency 1. At the sam ...
Stellar Aberration and the Fizeau Experiment
... In a previous paper published in this journal, we described a new relativistic wave equation that accounts for the propagation of light from a source to an observer in two different inertial frames. This equation, which is based on the primacy of the Doppler effect, can account for the relativity of ...
... In a previous paper published in this journal, we described a new relativistic wave equation that accounts for the propagation of light from a source to an observer in two different inertial frames. This equation, which is based on the primacy of the Doppler effect, can account for the relativity of ...
Measuring and Modelling Light Scattering in Paper
... This thesis is about measuring and modelling light reflected from paper by using goniophotometric measurements. Measuring bidirectional reflectance requires highly accurate instruments, and a large part of the work in this thesis is about establishing the requirements that must be fulfilled to ensur ...
... This thesis is about measuring and modelling light reflected from paper by using goniophotometric measurements. Measuring bidirectional reflectance requires highly accurate instruments, and a large part of the work in this thesis is about establishing the requirements that must be fulfilled to ensur ...
Fast-Fourier-domain delay line for in vivo optical coherence
... can be achieved with a continuously rotating device. A spinning cube delay line8,9 uses internal reflections from the cube surfaces to produce angle-dependent group delay. Although scan rates up to 28.6 kHz have been reported,9 these systems suffer from high nonlinearity in group delay because of th ...
... can be achieved with a continuously rotating device. A spinning cube delay line8,9 uses internal reflections from the cube surfaces to produce angle-dependent group delay. Although scan rates up to 28.6 kHz have been reported,9 these systems suffer from high nonlinearity in group delay because of th ...
Practical Aspects of Mirror Usage in Optical Systems for
... for a specific purpose, wavelength range, etc. The newcomer first wonders, “Why are there so many varieties of mirrors?” and shortly afterwards, “How do I know which mirror to use for my specific purpose?” This paper seeks to answer that question, by providing practical, useful information on the sp ...
... for a specific purpose, wavelength range, etc. The newcomer first wonders, “Why are there so many varieties of mirrors?” and shortly afterwards, “How do I know which mirror to use for my specific purpose?” This paper seeks to answer that question, by providing practical, useful information on the sp ...
Practical Aspects of Mirror Usage in Optical Systems for
... for a specific purpose, wavelength range, etc. The newcomer first wonders, “Why are there so many varieties of mirrors?” and shortly afterwards, “How do I know which mirror to use for my specific purpose?” This paper seeks to answer that question, by providing practical, useful information on the sp ...
... for a specific purpose, wavelength range, etc. The newcomer first wonders, “Why are there so many varieties of mirrors?” and shortly afterwards, “How do I know which mirror to use for my specific purpose?” This paper seeks to answer that question, by providing practical, useful information on the sp ...
Simulating and optimizing compound refractive lens-based X
... the hard X-ray regime (E > 15 keV), CRLs (linear arrays of refractive lenslets) are widely used due to their relatively low cost, ease-of-use and efficiency. Furthermore, their focal length can be actively varied by adjusting the number of lenslets (Vaughan et al., 2011). However, the spatial resolu ...
... the hard X-ray regime (E > 15 keV), CRLs (linear arrays of refractive lenslets) are widely used due to their relatively low cost, ease-of-use and efficiency. Furthermore, their focal length can be actively varied by adjusting the number of lenslets (Vaughan et al., 2011). However, the spatial resolu ...
Gain-Flattening Filters Using Dielectric Multilayer Thin Film
... track of the film thickness distribution meant that this method was not suited to high-precision optical thickness control. In the thin film deposition equipment used in this work we adopted a direct monitoring system for optical thickness monitoring, providing direct monitoring of the part of the s ...
... track of the film thickness distribution meant that this method was not suited to high-precision optical thickness control. In the thin film deposition equipment used in this work we adopted a direct monitoring system for optical thickness monitoring, providing direct monitoring of the part of the s ...
Note
... The radii of the secondary wavelets are vt , where v is the speed of light in the medium. If the medium is inhomogeneous, then some wavelets expand faster than others, and the wave profile changes. c. Huygens’ construction The new wave front is constructed by drawing circles of radius vt , each ce ...
... The radii of the secondary wavelets are vt , where v is the speed of light in the medium. If the medium is inhomogeneous, then some wavelets expand faster than others, and the wave profile changes. c. Huygens’ construction The new wave front is constructed by drawing circles of radius vt , each ce ...
Experimental study on Extremely-Thin-Body In0
... the band offset between Si and SiGe, as shown in Fig. S4(b), which also contributes to improving the modulation efficiency of Si-based optical modulators10. The carrier concentration in the SiGe layer increases by an order of magnitude as the Ge fraction increases from 0 to 0.3 because the band offs ...
... the band offset between Si and SiGe, as shown in Fig. S4(b), which also contributes to improving the modulation efficiency of Si-based optical modulators10. The carrier concentration in the SiGe layer increases by an order of magnitude as the Ge fraction increases from 0 to 0.3 because the band offs ...
a flat high-frequency scanning micromirror - EECS: www
... Next, the bonded wafer is ground and polished to leave a 50 µm-thick layer of silicon above the oxide interface. The resulting silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer is oxidized at 1100°C in a steam ambient to form a 1.1 µm-thick oxide layer on the top and bottom. Alignment between the subsequent patterns ...
... Next, the bonded wafer is ground and polished to leave a 50 µm-thick layer of silicon above the oxide interface. The resulting silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer is oxidized at 1100°C in a steam ambient to form a 1.1 µm-thick oxide layer on the top and bottom. Alignment between the subsequent patterns ...
Guiding light with conformal transformations
... applied to any general polygon. For example, consider a sharp, 90° waveguide corner in an empty, lossless waveguide. Such a corner will, of course, cause all incident power to be reflected back to the source. However, by filling the space with a conformally-mapped spatially varying dielectric (as de ...
... applied to any general polygon. For example, consider a sharp, 90° waveguide corner in an empty, lossless waveguide. Such a corner will, of course, cause all incident power to be reflected back to the source. However, by filling the space with a conformally-mapped spatially varying dielectric (as de ...
Plasmonic Nanopore for Electrical Profiling of
... laboratory). Using this approach, a doubling in conductance corresponds to a temperature increase of around 55 °C. Hence, at 10 mW the maximum temperature of the buffer is around 78 °C in the experiment of Figure 2a,b. A possible influence of plasmon excitation mode and probe geometry on the results w ...
... laboratory). Using this approach, a doubling in conductance corresponds to a temperature increase of around 55 °C. Hence, at 10 mW the maximum temperature of the buffer is around 78 °C in the experiment of Figure 2a,b. A possible influence of plasmon excitation mode and probe geometry on the results w ...
this PDF file
... light beams could be superposed forever. This system can resist the vibration of machine tool effectively, and the optical path design can avoid the diffracted light returning to the laser again to cause selfmixing problem, so that the reliability and accuracy of detection are improved greatly. In 2 ...
... light beams could be superposed forever. This system can resist the vibration of machine tool effectively, and the optical path design can avoid the diffracted light returning to the laser again to cause selfmixing problem, so that the reliability and accuracy of detection are improved greatly. In 2 ...
P approximation for reflectance imaging with an oblique beam of arbitrary profile 1
... anisotropy factor remains less than 0.7 and single scattering albedo larger than 0.8. The closed-form solution can thus be used as a part of a forward modeling toolbox to determine optical parameters from reflectance image data in combination with other method such as the Monte Carlo simulation. © 2 ...
... anisotropy factor remains less than 0.7 and single scattering albedo larger than 0.8. The closed-form solution can thus be used as a part of a forward modeling toolbox to determine optical parameters from reflectance image data in combination with other method such as the Monte Carlo simulation. © 2 ...
5. Optical fiber
... is then transmitted through the optical fiber. The receiver receives the modulated carrier wave which is then demodulated and the information is retrieved. The carrier wave is electromagnetic radiation such as radio waves, microwaves, light etc. The frequency of light waves is very high which means ...
... is then transmitted through the optical fiber. The receiver receives the modulated carrier wave which is then demodulated and the information is retrieved. The carrier wave is electromagnetic radiation such as radio waves, microwaves, light etc. The frequency of light waves is very high which means ...
moiré technique
... If the surface height variations are large compared to the grating period, diffraction effects will occur, prohibiting a mere shadow of the grating to be cast on the surface. surface Shadow moiré is therefore best suited for rather coarse measurements on large surfaces. surfaces It is relatively sim ...
... If the surface height variations are large compared to the grating period, diffraction effects will occur, prohibiting a mere shadow of the grating to be cast on the surface. surface Shadow moiré is therefore best suited for rather coarse measurements on large surfaces. surfaces It is relatively sim ...
Questa è la versione dell`autore dell`opera: [Chemical Reviews
... Radicals are chemical species containing one or more unpaired electrons which generally react via electron pairing or electron transfer mechanisms. A charged radical is called a radical ion. Radical and radical ions are key species in a number of important chemical and biochemical processes ranging ...
... Radicals are chemical species containing one or more unpaired electrons which generally react via electron pairing or electron transfer mechanisms. A charged radical is called a radical ion. Radical and radical ions are key species in a number of important chemical and biochemical processes ranging ...
Optical, Confocal, and 4Pi Microscopy
... Optical microscopy has been in existence for many centuries. Since the viewing of the first cell, man has continually attempted to view smaller and smaller objects. In 1873, Ernst Abbe first discovered that diffraction limited the resolution of the optical microscope. And even with the advances in c ...
... Optical microscopy has been in existence for many centuries. Since the viewing of the first cell, man has continually attempted to view smaller and smaller objects. In 1873, Ernst Abbe first discovered that diffraction limited the resolution of the optical microscope. And even with the advances in c ...
Lecture 3 -- Electromagnetic Principles
... front. Second, its magnitude conveys the spatial period of the wave. It is 2 divided by the spatial period of the wave (wavelength). ...
... front. Second, its magnitude conveys the spatial period of the wave. It is 2 divided by the spatial period of the wave (wavelength). ...
3D Finite Element Model for Writing Long
... simpler setup and, although the irradiation occurs on just one of the sides of the fiber, the line-shaped beam reduces the writing asymmetric effect when compared with focused circular laser beams. In parallel to the development of writing techniques, research on the physical mechanisms responsible ...
... simpler setup and, although the irradiation occurs on just one of the sides of the fiber, the line-shaped beam reduces the writing asymmetric effect when compared with focused circular laser beams. In parallel to the development of writing techniques, research on the physical mechanisms responsible ...
Surface plasmon resonance microscopy
Surface Plasmon Resonance Microscopy (SPRM) is a label free analytical tool that combines the surface plasmon resonance of metallic surfaces with imaging of the metallic surface.The heterogeneity of the refractive index of the metallic surface imparts high contrast images, caused by the shift in the resonance angle.SPRM can achieve a thickness sensitivity of few tenths of nanometer and lateral resolution achieves values of micrometer scale.SPRM is used to characterize surfaces, self-assembled monolayers, multilayer films, metal nanoparticles, oligonucleotides arrays, binding and reduction reactions.Surface Plasmon polaritons are surface electromagnetic waves coupled to oscillating free electrons of a metallic surface that propagate along a metal/dielectric interface.Since polaritons are highly sensitive to small changes in the refractive index of the metallic material,it can be used as a biosensing tool that does not require labeling. SPRM measurements can be made in real-time.Wang and collaborators studied the binding kinetics of membrane proteins in single cells.The experimental setup of an SPRM can be seen in the Figure 1, where an adherent cell is grown on a gold film and placed in an inverted microscope, p-polarized light was used to create the surface plasmons on the gold film and a CCD camera was used to create the SPR image.