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Categorial Grammar – Introduction
Categorial Grammar – Introduction

... The function (S\N P )/N P maps from a domain of atomic N P types into a range comprised of functions with the form S\N P . For example, if the second word, ‘cats,’ of the substring ‘like cats’ is associated the N P type as follows: (10) cats := N P then application of the function (S\N P )/N P resul ...
The Infinitive Phrase
The Infinitive Phrase

... The Infinitive Phrase Recognize an infinitive phrase when you see one. An infinitive phrase will begin with an infinitive [to + simple form of the verb]. It will include objects and/or modifiers. Here are some examples: To smash a spider To kick the ball past the dazed goalie To lick the grease from ...
Phrase vs. Clause
Phrase vs. Clause

... The word “that” normally would be appropriate but is omitted. (This is ok!) ...
Pronoun Case PowerPoint
Pronoun Case PowerPoint

... The coach threw a party for we. The coach threw a party for us. The coach threw a party [for us players]. ...
- Prior Weston Primary School Logo
- Prior Weston Primary School Logo

... IMPORTANT For details of overseas postage and packing charges, please contact our Customer Services team on 01235 400 555. Every effort has been made to ensure details are correct at the time of going to press. Rising Stars reserves the right to change the specification without prior notice. We want ...
Nominative & Objective Cases
Nominative & Objective Cases

... Nominative = S, PA or PN The nominative form of a personal pronoun is used when a pronoun functions as a subject or predicate nominative. Nominative Pronoun Forms I you he, she, it we you they To determine which case to use, try the pronoun alone in the sentence. Arloe and (I, me) sang a song. ...
Grammar Without the Drama - Faculty of Arts
Grammar Without the Drama - Faculty of Arts

... Readers need to follow the connection between your ideas. Cohesive devices help explain and connect those complex ideas in your writing. Use cohesive devices to add information, present opposing ideas, and come to conclusions. To join ideas and sentences, use cohesive devices: Scholars have posited ...
Nine Types of English Pronouns
Nine Types of English Pronouns

... depending on how the pronouns is used – subject or object Possessive Pronouns show ownership and reflect the person and number of noun they represent. Please note that none of the possessive pronouns are spelled with an apostrophe. Demonstrative Pronouns identify or point to nouns. (this / that / th ...
Quarter 3 ~ 8th Grade - How to complete Grammar Notes from
Quarter 3 ~ 8th Grade - How to complete Grammar Notes from

... 1.) Mark Twain’s attempt at studying the law did not go (good, well). 2.) That wasn’t the (worse, worst) of his many occupations, however. 3.) He didn’t have (no, any) confidence as a newspaper editor. 4.) Still, that turned out to be the (more, most) satisfying job he ever had. 5.) I am not feeling ...
Double Object Pronouns in Spanish
Double Object Pronouns in Spanish

... I guess you know from the red asterisk that this isn't what happens. Unfortunately, we cannot leave this sentence as it is. We cannot have two "L" object pronouns together. So our original sentence, Spanish Speakers would never say le/lo or le la or le las or le los--Spanish speakers: say ...
What does an adjective do
What does an adjective do

... Non-identifying (non-restrictive) clauses add “extra” information. Let’s look at some information about Katie: Katie can play the piano. She also studied the guitar. She likes many different kinds of music. The noun, “Katie,” is clear, so the adjective clause just gives more information about her: ...
Commas
Commas

... Commas Commas are used to separate structural elements within sentences. This separation breaks sentences into manageable parts for the reader by grouping words together and highlighting important parts of the sentence. To help you use commas effectively and correctly, here are tips on how to proofr ...
Constituent
Constituent

... bigger unit that contains them, but not other words. There are two different ways to represent this bigger unit. One of them is to put square brackets around units. [the student] The other is to represent the units with a group of lines called a tree structure: the student ...
AVOIDING AWKWARD:  COMMON SENTENCE-LEVEL ERRORS
AVOIDING AWKWARD: COMMON SENTENCE-LEVEL ERRORS

... These are two separate ideas, and therefore the connection between them needs to be made explicit. Know what colons can and can’t do. A good test to see if you’re suing colons correctly is to read your sentence and replace the colon with the phrase “that is” (or “they are”). WRONG: Your dedicated wh ...
Appendix
Appendix

... Grammar: Count only -ly words that are adverbs, not imposter -ly’s, which are adjectives like princely, lonely, comely, or ghastly. Direct older students to distinguish true -ly adverbs from adjectives by understanding how those parts of speech work. Adjectives always modify, or describe, nouns; -ly ...
Proofreading for Commas
Proofreading for Commas

... Commas are used to separate structural elements within sentences. This separation breaks sentences into manageable parts for the reader by grouping words together and highlighting important parts of the sentence. To help you use commas effectively and correctly, here are tips on how to proofread for ...
SE214 - Maynooth University
SE214 - Maynooth University

... instead, likewise, meanwhile, moreover, nevertheless, otherwise, still, then, therefore, thus, and so on. ...
grammar - Request a Spot account
grammar - Request a Spot account

... Passive: The results of the procedure were not adequately documented by the clinic. Active: The clinic did not adequately document the results of the procedure. Passive: The procedure will need to be rescheduled by the clinic free of charge. Active: The clinic will need to reschedule the procedure f ...
The Structure of a Sentence
The Structure of a Sentence

... There are two special types of compound sentences which you might want to note. First, rather than joining two simple sentences together, a co-ordinating conjunction sometimes joins two complex sentences, or one simple sentence and one complex sentence. In this case, the sentence is called a compoun ...
Name: Date: Period: ______ Ms. Fetbroth Clauses What is a clause
Name: Date: Period: ______ Ms. Fetbroth Clauses What is a clause

... Ex. Sharrah studied for her biology quiz on the bus, but it was hard to concentrate because all of the noise. Ex. Ms. Fetbroth is starting to make a difference and her 4th period is showing progress. 2. With a semicolon A semicolon is a type of punctuation that ______________________ independent cla ...
independent clause
independent clause

... Cause ...
Context and Binding in Japanese. By MASAYO IIDA. Stanford: CSLI
Context and Binding in Japanese. By MASAYO IIDA. Stanford: CSLI

... Iida begins the book, after a brief introductory chapter, by first giving a thorough review of previous studies in Ch. 2, where she reviews both syntactic and pragmatic approaches. In evaluating previous studies, she makes a distinction as to whether the syntactic and the pragmatic conditions are to ...
Common Noun—Definition—a word that is used to name a person
Common Noun—Definition—a word that is used to name a person

... Examples—for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so Subordinating Conjunctions—AAAWWUBBIS—Definition--a conjunction that joins together a dependent clause and an independent clause. P. 90 Examples—after, although, as, when, while, until, before, because, if, since, etc. Proper Adjective—Definition—is formed fr ...
Page 1 of 4 Chapter 14 The Phrase Objective: Phrases A is a group
Page 1 of 4 Chapter 14 The Phrase Objective: Phrases A is a group

... Let’s practice! Identify the adverb phrase in the following sentences, and circle the word it modifies. 1. We use time expressions in everyday speech. 2. When you fall in love, you may feel that “time stands still.” 3. Have you ever noticed that “time flies” when you are chatting with your friends? ...
English Connector as Binding Term for Conjunction and Relative
English Connector as Binding Term for Conjunction and Relative

... In the following sentence (4), the same conjunction and joins two NPs according to some grammarians, while other grammarians consider it as joining two sentences. By using the principle of embedding, the sentence can be best described in the following tree diagram (4). (4) John and Jane work. S NP J ...
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Sloppy identity

In linguistics, Sloppy Identity is an interpretive issue involved in contexts like Verb Phrase Ellipsis where the identity of the pronoun in an elided VP (Verb Phrase) is not identical to the antecedent VP.For example, English allows VPs to be elided, as in example 1). The elided VP can be interpreted in at least two ways, namely as in (1a) or (1b) for this example.In (1a), the pronoun his refers to John in both the first and the second clause. This is done by assigning the same index to John and to both the “his” pronouns. This is called the “strict identity” reading because the elided VP is interpreted as being identical to the antecedent VP.In (1b), the pronoun his refers to John in the first clause, but the pronoun his in the second clause refers to Bob. This is done by assigning a different index to the pronoun his in the two clauses. In the first clause, pronoun his is co-indexed with John, in the second clause, pronoun his is co-indexed with Bob. This is called the “sloppy identity” reading because the elided VP is not interpreted as identical to the antecedent VP.1) John scratched his arm and Bob did too.This sentence can have a strict reading:1) a. Johni scratched hisi arm and Bobj [scratched hisi arm] too.Or a sloppy reading:1) b. Johni scratched hisi arm and Bobj [scratched hisj arm] too.
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