Neural Mechanisms for Binaural Interactions in the Superior Olivary
... • A consequence of the ipsilateral excitation and contralateral inhibition on LSO neurons is that they are highly sensitive to interaural level differences (ILD). • To a first approximation, the discharge rate of an LSO neuron depends primarily on ILD, regardless of overall level. Response is small ...
... • A consequence of the ipsilateral excitation and contralateral inhibition on LSO neurons is that they are highly sensitive to interaural level differences (ILD). • To a first approximation, the discharge rate of an LSO neuron depends primarily on ILD, regardless of overall level. Response is small ...
Corticostriatal neurons in auditory cortex drive decisions during
... (Supplementary Fig. 3f). Moreover, this non-specific activation not only biased subjects’ choices but also interfered with their ability to perform the task, as measured by the slope of the psychometric curve (Supplementary Fig. 3d, e). The lack of correspondence between the direction of stimulation ...
... (Supplementary Fig. 3f). Moreover, this non-specific activation not only biased subjects’ choices but also interfered with their ability to perform the task, as measured by the slope of the psychometric curve (Supplementary Fig. 3d, e). The lack of correspondence between the direction of stimulation ...
D22 - Viktor`s Notes for the Neurosurgery Resident
... nerve conduction studies fail to reveal abnormalities). F response (so named because it was first observed in small foot muscles): electrical nerve stimulation (motor fibers must be excited) → antidromic (retrograde) activation of motoneuron soma → orthograde conduction back to periphery → potential ...
... nerve conduction studies fail to reveal abnormalities). F response (so named because it was first observed in small foot muscles): electrical nerve stimulation (motor fibers must be excited) → antidromic (retrograde) activation of motoneuron soma → orthograde conduction back to periphery → potential ...
The Cerebellum
... This is the principal efferent pathway from the cerebellum, its fibres arises mainly from the dentate nucleus, and passes anterosuperiorly to the opposite thalamus and red nucleus of the midbrain. ...
... This is the principal efferent pathway from the cerebellum, its fibres arises mainly from the dentate nucleus, and passes anterosuperiorly to the opposite thalamus and red nucleus of the midbrain. ...
Purves chs. 12, 13 - Weizmann Institute of Science
... slightly different times. At a given time t = 0, one wave is at position P and the other at position Q. By projecting P and Q onto the circle, their respective phase angles, θ1 and θ2, are apparent. The sine wave that starts at P reaches a particular point on the circle, say 180°, at time t1, wherea ...
... slightly different times. At a given time t = 0, one wave is at position P and the other at position Q. By projecting P and Q onto the circle, their respective phase angles, θ1 and θ2, are apparent. The sine wave that starts at P reaches a particular point on the circle, say 180°, at time t1, wherea ...
PNS: Cranial Nerves
... • Due to site of preganglionic neuron origination, the parasympathetic division is also known as the __________division • Terminal ganglia are at the _______ organs • Neurotransmitter: acetylcholine ...
... • Due to site of preganglionic neuron origination, the parasympathetic division is also known as the __________division • Terminal ganglia are at the _______ organs • Neurotransmitter: acetylcholine ...
Conditioned tone control of brain reward behavior produces highly
... amounts of stimulation of the ventral tegmental area (VTAstm) to generate sigmoidal psychometric functions of nose poke (NP) rates as a function of reward magnitude (duration). Next, we attempted to accomplish tone control of NPs by maintaining intertrial NPs using a low reward duration and presenti ...
... amounts of stimulation of the ventral tegmental area (VTAstm) to generate sigmoidal psychometric functions of nose poke (NP) rates as a function of reward magnitude (duration). Next, we attempted to accomplish tone control of NPs by maintaining intertrial NPs using a low reward duration and presenti ...
Interactions between Motivation, Emotion and Attention: From
... (Huang and Weng, 2002; Canamero, 2003), it is seldom discussed in relation to stimulus selection. However, a robot with multiple goals and motives must be able to learn what objects are useful for each of its activities. This is even more important for a developing system where object representation ...
... (Huang and Weng, 2002; Canamero, 2003), it is seldom discussed in relation to stimulus selection. However, a robot with multiple goals and motives must be able to learn what objects are useful for each of its activities. This is even more important for a developing system where object representation ...
Interactions between Motivation, Emotion and Attention: From
... (Huang and Weng, 2002; Canamero, 2003), it is seldom discussed in relation to stimulus selection. However, a robot with multiple goals and motives must be able to learn what objects are useful for each of its activities. This is even more important for a developing system where object representation ...
... (Huang and Weng, 2002; Canamero, 2003), it is seldom discussed in relation to stimulus selection. However, a robot with multiple goals and motives must be able to learn what objects are useful for each of its activities. This is even more important for a developing system where object representation ...
File
... ○ Bending of the hairs in one direction depolarizes hair cells, increasing neurotransmitter release and the frequency of action potentials directed to the brain along the auditory ...
... ○ Bending of the hairs in one direction depolarizes hair cells, increasing neurotransmitter release and the frequency of action potentials directed to the brain along the auditory ...
View Full Page PDF
... auditory channel (cochlear place), and estimates are then combined across channels (Licklider, 1951; Meddis and O’Mard, 1997; de Cheveigné, 2010). Sound periodicity is indeed accurately reflected in the patterns of spikes produced by auditory nerve fibers (Cariani and Delgutte, 1996a, 1996b; Cedolin ...
... auditory channel (cochlear place), and estimates are then combined across channels (Licklider, 1951; Meddis and O’Mard, 1997; de Cheveigné, 2010). Sound periodicity is indeed accurately reflected in the patterns of spikes produced by auditory nerve fibers (Cariani and Delgutte, 1996a, 1996b; Cedolin ...
Sensory and Motor Mechanisms
... ○ Bending of the hairs in one direction depolarizes hair cells, increasing neurotransmitter release and the frequency of action potentials directed to the brain along the auditory ...
... ○ Bending of the hairs in one direction depolarizes hair cells, increasing neurotransmitter release and the frequency of action potentials directed to the brain along the auditory ...
Tricas 2008
... the snout. The temporal filtering leads to a set of neurons with response properties similar to retinal ganglion cells (center surround) after spatial information processing in the retina. Jung et al. (2008) summarized work on the response properties of midbrain tectal units relative to those in the ...
... the snout. The temporal filtering leads to a set of neurons with response properties similar to retinal ganglion cells (center surround) after spatial information processing in the retina. Jung et al. (2008) summarized work on the response properties of midbrain tectal units relative to those in the ...
File
... actions by the speed its going. To break the sound barrier you have to travel faster than the speed of sound. The shock wave that is made by an airplane moving at a supersonic speed makes a shocking change in air pressure. The fastest plane ever is the SR-7I blackbird. Going through the sound barrie ...
... actions by the speed its going. To break the sound barrier you have to travel faster than the speed of sound. The shock wave that is made by an airplane moving at a supersonic speed makes a shocking change in air pressure. The fastest plane ever is the SR-7I blackbird. Going through the sound barrie ...
Hyperacusis—An increased sensitivity to everyday sounds
... therapy may be used to “retrain” the auditory processing center of the brain to accept every day sounds. This involves the use of a noise-generating device worn on the affected ear or ears. Those suffering from hyperacusis may be uncomfortable with placing sound directly in their ear, but the device ...
... therapy may be used to “retrain” the auditory processing center of the brain to accept every day sounds. This involves the use of a noise-generating device worn on the affected ear or ears. Those suffering from hyperacusis may be uncomfortable with placing sound directly in their ear, but the device ...
Dr. Cam Perkins - BIOL 2210
... • unresponsive to temperature above 45oC (113oF) Cold receptors • sensitive to temperature between 10oC (50oF) and 20oC (68oF) Pain receptors • respond to temperatures below 10oC • respond to temperatures above 45oC ...
... • unresponsive to temperature above 45oC (113oF) Cold receptors • sensitive to temperature between 10oC (50oF) and 20oC (68oF) Pain receptors • respond to temperatures below 10oC • respond to temperatures above 45oC ...
Peripheral Nervous System Structure of a Nerve Cranial Nerves
... FIGURE 7.21 Distribution of cranial nerves. Sensory nerves are shown in blue, motor nerves in red. Although cranial nerves III, IV, and VI have sensory fibers, these are not shown because the sensory fibers account for only minor parts of these nerves. Left member of cranial nerve XI. ...
... FIGURE 7.21 Distribution of cranial nerves. Sensory nerves are shown in blue, motor nerves in red. Although cranial nerves III, IV, and VI have sensory fibers, these are not shown because the sensory fibers account for only minor parts of these nerves. Left member of cranial nerve XI. ...
Changes in the N1-P2 Complex after Speech
... reflects training-induced changes in perception, there is tremendous potential for clinical application. The N1-P2 complex could be used to monitor neurophysiologic changes during speech-sound acquisition after cochlear implantation, hearing aid use, or any other form of auditory learning. More impo ...
... reflects training-induced changes in perception, there is tremendous potential for clinical application. The N1-P2 complex could be used to monitor neurophysiologic changes during speech-sound acquisition after cochlear implantation, hearing aid use, or any other form of auditory learning. More impo ...
internal structure of the brain stem
... B. Glossopharyngeal &facial nerve C. Hypoglossal & glossopharyngeal 11. Which one of the nucleus is lying in the tegmentum of the midbrain? A. Oculomotor nerve B. Trochlear nerve C. Red nucleus 12. The medial lemniscus rotates 90 degree almost horizontally in which part of the brain stem ? A. Midbra ...
... B. Glossopharyngeal &facial nerve C. Hypoglossal & glossopharyngeal 11. Which one of the nucleus is lying in the tegmentum of the midbrain? A. Oculomotor nerve B. Trochlear nerve C. Red nucleus 12. The medial lemniscus rotates 90 degree almost horizontally in which part of the brain stem ? A. Midbra ...