Chapter 14:
... – Two-point threshold - minimum separation needed between two points to perceive them as two units – Grating acuity - placing a grooved stimulus on the skin and asking the participant to indicate the orientation of the grating – Raised pattern identification - using such patterns to determine the sm ...
... – Two-point threshold - minimum separation needed between two points to perceive them as two units – Grating acuity - placing a grooved stimulus on the skin and asking the participant to indicate the orientation of the grating – Raised pattern identification - using such patterns to determine the sm ...
Midterm 1
... can sometimes be changed in an individual—though this is extremely rare. However, even if any of these is changed within an individual, none of this learned change is passed down to offspring. The fact that they’re inherent and unlearned is also a part of how each is defined. Though some theorists h ...
... can sometimes be changed in an individual—though this is extremely rare. However, even if any of these is changed within an individual, none of this learned change is passed down to offspring. The fact that they’re inherent and unlearned is also a part of how each is defined. Though some theorists h ...
TalkHumaine_grandjean
... The responses of neurons are higher when multimodal spatial stimuli occur compared to unimodal stimulus or the sum of unimodal stimuli. When the spatial occurrence of stimuli are disparate these neurons do not discharge or show a decrease of spontaneous activity. The temporal rule: Apparently time i ...
... The responses of neurons are higher when multimodal spatial stimuli occur compared to unimodal stimulus or the sum of unimodal stimuli. When the spatial occurrence of stimuli are disparate these neurons do not discharge or show a decrease of spontaneous activity. The temporal rule: Apparently time i ...
Minireview Embarrassed, but Not Depressed: Eye Opening Lessons
... studied forms of LTD and LTP do not reverse each other; the LTD is postsynaptic and the LTP is presynaptic. Very recently, a postsynaptic form of LTP was demonstrated at this synapse (Lev-Ram et al., 2002), but it has not yet been shown to reverse parallel fiber LTD. • In vitro versus in vivo induct ...
... studied forms of LTD and LTP do not reverse each other; the LTD is postsynaptic and the LTP is presynaptic. Very recently, a postsynaptic form of LTP was demonstrated at this synapse (Lev-Ram et al., 2002), but it has not yet been shown to reverse parallel fiber LTD. • In vitro versus in vivo induct ...
What's a cerebellar circuit doing in the auditory system?
... in intracellular Ca2þ concentration following parallel fiber stimulation are initiated by activation of neurotransmitter receptors and are mediated through signaling pathways that differ in fusiform and cartwheel cells (Table 1) [26]. Although AMPA receptors are activated by parallel fibers [27], th ...
... in intracellular Ca2þ concentration following parallel fiber stimulation are initiated by activation of neurotransmitter receptors and are mediated through signaling pathways that differ in fusiform and cartwheel cells (Table 1) [26]. Although AMPA receptors are activated by parallel fibers [27], th ...
1 - Sur Lab
... and control via stimulator (left) and live image (right). (B) The system can be interchangeably interfaced to commercial arrays from different vendors, such as MCS (left, with blowup) and MED (right) to enable multi-site stimulation. (C) Chip placed on stage. (D) Stimulator box – or circuit diagram ...
... and control via stimulator (left) and live image (right). (B) The system can be interchangeably interfaced to commercial arrays from different vendors, such as MCS (left, with blowup) and MED (right) to enable multi-site stimulation. (C) Chip placed on stage. (D) Stimulator box – or circuit diagram ...
A Subjective Distance Between Stimuli: Quantifying the Metric
... definite matrix representing the scalar product. Condition 4 imposes symmetry among the components of the vectors, which means that M must be proportional to the unit matrix. Therefore, out of all the distances that have a scalar product associated with them, the only one that fulfills condition 4 i ...
... definite matrix representing the scalar product. Condition 4 imposes symmetry among the components of the vectors, which means that M must be proportional to the unit matrix. Therefore, out of all the distances that have a scalar product associated with them, the only one that fulfills condition 4 i ...
Processing of complex stimuli and natural scenes in the visual cortex
... neurons are probed with more natural stimuli. However, with the classical reverse correlation technique it is not possible to use natural stimuli for methodological reasons: the correlations inherent to natural stimuli spoil the obtained RF estimate [14]. In contrast to the pixel white noise, which ...
... neurons are probed with more natural stimuli. However, with the classical reverse correlation technique it is not possible to use natural stimuli for methodological reasons: the correlations inherent to natural stimuli spoil the obtained RF estimate [14]. In contrast to the pixel white noise, which ...
The Special Senses Accessory Structures of the - dr
... Transmits air vibrations to auditory ossicles ...
... Transmits air vibrations to auditory ossicles ...
Correlated neuronal activity and the flow of neural information
... • It is constructed from the spike trains of two neurons, and shows the probability (or some quantity proportional to it) that neuron B fires a spike milliseconds before or after a spike from neuron A; is called the time shift or time lag. • When the two spike trains are independent, the cross-corre ...
... • It is constructed from the spike trains of two neurons, and shows the probability (or some quantity proportional to it) that neuron B fires a spike milliseconds before or after a spike from neuron A; is called the time shift or time lag. • When the two spike trains are independent, the cross-corre ...
Spatio-temporal Pattern Recognition with Neural Networks
... 2.2 Where is the Recognition Performed? Another reason is that the perceptive system does not process speech as pattern recognition systems usually do. To a certain extent, it is true that the cochlear nucleus, the superior olivary complex and the colliculus, for example, are apparently specialised ...
... 2.2 Where is the Recognition Performed? Another reason is that the perceptive system does not process speech as pattern recognition systems usually do. To a certain extent, it is true that the cochlear nucleus, the superior olivary complex and the colliculus, for example, are apparently specialised ...
Chapter 13: Peripheral Nervous System
... Receptor Lever The receptor must have specificity for the stimulus energy The receptor’s receptive field must be stimulated Stimulus energy must be converted into a graded potential A generator potential in the associated sensory neuron must reach threshold ...
... Receptor Lever The receptor must have specificity for the stimulus energy The receptor’s receptive field must be stimulated Stimulus energy must be converted into a graded potential A generator potential in the associated sensory neuron must reach threshold ...
Speed, noise, information and the graded nature of neuronal
... the processing speed it is required to operate at. ...
... the processing speed it is required to operate at. ...
Responses to Rare Visual Target and Distractor Stimuli Using Event
... evoked by the first stimulus in each run to a positive response evoked near the end of the run was observed for ROIs with significant positive trends (Fig. 2, C and D). The significant linear trend in response amplitude across repetitions was found to be stimulus specific within each ROI, showing th ...
... evoked by the first stimulus in each run to a positive response evoked near the end of the run was observed for ROIs with significant positive trends (Fig. 2, C and D). The significant linear trend in response amplitude across repetitions was found to be stimulus specific within each ROI, showing th ...
The Autonomic Nervous System
... fibers). • Antagonistic effects: • Sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers innervate the same cells. • Actions counteract each other. • _______________________. ...
... fibers). • Antagonistic effects: • Sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers innervate the same cells. • Actions counteract each other. • _______________________. ...
Emotion, Memory and the Brain - sdsu
... and I also demonstrated that the subiculum, a region of the hippocampus that projects to other areas of the brain, communicated with the lateral nucleus of the amygdala. This connection suggests that contextual information may acquire emotional significance in the same way that other events do—via t ...
... and I also demonstrated that the subiculum, a region of the hippocampus that projects to other areas of the brain, communicated with the lateral nucleus of the amygdala. This connection suggests that contextual information may acquire emotional significance in the same way that other events do—via t ...
Why do octaves sound the same?
... representing pitch. His Shepard tone experiments support instead a helical model for pitch, shown in Figure 1, in which notes separated by an octave are equivalent in the ‘chroma’ dimension. Fusion of multiple frequencies into a single pitch is a property of the auditory system more generally, discu ...
... representing pitch. His Shepard tone experiments support instead a helical model for pitch, shown in Figure 1, in which notes separated by an octave are equivalent in the ‘chroma’ dimension. Fusion of multiple frequencies into a single pitch is a property of the auditory system more generally, discu ...
Using Sound Therapy for Development and Wellness
... are inherent in how the brain receives information from the auditory pathway to the brain, specifically from the cochlea to the auditory reception centers in the brain. There are numerous sound-based therapies that address these skills either in a specific skill area such as temporal sequencing, or ...
... are inherent in how the brain receives information from the auditory pathway to the brain, specifically from the cochlea to the auditory reception centers in the brain. There are numerous sound-based therapies that address these skills either in a specific skill area such as temporal sequencing, or ...
Brainstem Nuclei and Tracts
... • Dorsal spinocerebellar fibers (L3 above, ) enter the inferior cerebellar peduncle and the ventral spinocerebellar (lumbarsacral region, L-S) continues through pons and enters the cerebellum by superior cerebellar peduncle. Both carry unconscious proprioception to cerebellum (see previous slides). ...
... • Dorsal spinocerebellar fibers (L3 above, ) enter the inferior cerebellar peduncle and the ventral spinocerebellar (lumbarsacral region, L-S) continues through pons and enters the cerebellum by superior cerebellar peduncle. Both carry unconscious proprioception to cerebellum (see previous slides). ...
firing pattern modulation by oscillatory input in
... Amplitude-dependent ¢ring patterns Varying the amplitude of the sine wave also resulted in a progression from regular to intermittent ¢ring (n = 5 of 5). In Fig. 4A^C the frequency of the injected sine wave was ¢xed at 28 Hz and steady-state depolarization was kept at +0.2 nA while the amplitude was ...
... Amplitude-dependent ¢ring patterns Varying the amplitude of the sine wave also resulted in a progression from regular to intermittent ¢ring (n = 5 of 5). In Fig. 4A^C the frequency of the injected sine wave was ¢xed at 28 Hz and steady-state depolarization was kept at +0.2 nA while the amplitude was ...
Mitochondrial diseases affecting nervous system and muscle
... •Wolfram syndrome (DID-MOAD): mutations in wolframin gene (4p16) associated with large scale mtDNA deletions •Leigh syndrome caused by nuclear gene mutations affecting complexes I, II or IV •Infantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and encephalomyopathy: mutations in SCO2 gene Mutations in other mitoch ...
... •Wolfram syndrome (DID-MOAD): mutations in wolframin gene (4p16) associated with large scale mtDNA deletions •Leigh syndrome caused by nuclear gene mutations affecting complexes I, II or IV •Infantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and encephalomyopathy: mutations in SCO2 gene Mutations in other mitoch ...