Receptive Fields and Binaural Interactions for Virtual
... occasionally were used for units that showed fatigue. The method for synthesizing virtual-space stimuli was similar to that used in the human psychophysical experiments of Wightman and Kistler (1989) and the physiological studies of Poon and Brugge (1993) and Brugge et al. (1994). The equalized, pse ...
... occasionally were used for units that showed fatigue. The method for synthesizing virtual-space stimuli was similar to that used in the human psychophysical experiments of Wightman and Kistler (1989) and the physiological studies of Poon and Brugge (1993) and Brugge et al. (1994). The equalized, pse ...
Tolerance to Sound Intensity of Binaural
... ITD and IID set to zero were used as search stimuli. NL was located stereotaxically and by its physiological response properties. At 1.5–2.5 mm posterior to the interaural axis and 1.5–2.0 mm from the midline, NL is usually 8 –19 mm below the surface of the brain. NL can also be recognized by neurop ...
... ITD and IID set to zero were used as search stimuli. NL was located stereotaxically and by its physiological response properties. At 1.5–2.5 mm posterior to the interaural axis and 1.5–2.0 mm from the midline, NL is usually 8 –19 mm below the surface of the brain. NL can also be recognized by neurop ...
PAIN
... Winduphomosynaptic activity-dependent plasticity characterized by a progressive increase in firing from dorsal horn neurons during a train of repeated low-frequency Cfiber or nociceptor stimulation. During stimulation, glutamate + substance P + CGRP elicit slow synaptic potentials lasting several-h ...
... Winduphomosynaptic activity-dependent plasticity characterized by a progressive increase in firing from dorsal horn neurons during a train of repeated low-frequency Cfiber or nociceptor stimulation. During stimulation, glutamate + substance P + CGRP elicit slow synaptic potentials lasting several-h ...
Three-dimensional auditory localization in the
... Ranging performance of echolocating bats. (a) Behavioral setup for distance discrimination task using two-alternative-forced-choice (2 AFC) paradigm. (b) Behavioral performances of big brown bats in the distance discrimination task. Bats show very similar behavioral performances when tested with rea ...
... Ranging performance of echolocating bats. (a) Behavioral setup for distance discrimination task using two-alternative-forced-choice (2 AFC) paradigm. (b) Behavioral performances of big brown bats in the distance discrimination task. Bats show very similar behavioral performances when tested with rea ...
Distinct core thalamocortical pathways to central and dorsal primary
... adult cats. Transient (100 ms duration, 3 ms rise time) pure tones were presented with identical sound pressure level and frequency to both ears and varied pseudo-randomly over a 70 dB and fiveoctave range, respectively. Single and multi-unit spike rate responses within the 100 ms tone presentation w ...
... adult cats. Transient (100 ms duration, 3 ms rise time) pure tones were presented with identical sound pressure level and frequency to both ears and varied pseudo-randomly over a 70 dB and fiveoctave range, respectively. Single and multi-unit spike rate responses within the 100 ms tone presentation w ...
Motion Sensitivity
... correct separation in time and space, our brains link them together into “Apparent Motion” and we see them as a single moving object. The phenomenon is variously called Apparent Motion, Sampled Motion, Phi-phenomenon and/or Beta-phenomenon. The last two terms were coined by Max Wertheimer in his 191 ...
... correct separation in time and space, our brains link them together into “Apparent Motion” and we see them as a single moving object. The phenomenon is variously called Apparent Motion, Sampled Motion, Phi-phenomenon and/or Beta-phenomenon. The last two terms were coined by Max Wertheimer in his 191 ...
Chapter 11: The Auditory and Vestibular Systems
... – Characteristic frequency: Frequency at which neuron is most responsive - from cochlea to cortex – Response Properties more complex and diverse beyond the brain stem – Binaural neurons are present in the superior olive ...
... – Characteristic frequency: Frequency at which neuron is most responsive - from cochlea to cortex – Response Properties more complex and diverse beyond the brain stem – Binaural neurons are present in the superior olive ...
A diagram of the ear`s structure THE OUTER EAR The outer ear
... The outer ear collects sound waves in the air and channels them to the inner parts of the ear. The outer ear along with its canal has been shown to enhance sounds within a certain frequency range. That range just happens to be the same range that most of the characteristics of human speech sounds f ...
... The outer ear collects sound waves in the air and channels them to the inner parts of the ear. The outer ear along with its canal has been shown to enhance sounds within a certain frequency range. That range just happens to be the same range that most of the characteristics of human speech sounds f ...
J Comp Physiol (1982) 149: 179 193
... by the increase or decrease of brightness which occur almost simultaneously in flashes of 20 µs duration. Step responses are appropriate to decide this question, and have been recorded in 21 VSpenetrations. Since impulse responses decline within about 500 ms, square pulses of ≥0.5 s may be considere ...
... by the increase or decrease of brightness which occur almost simultaneously in flashes of 20 µs duration. Step responses are appropriate to decide this question, and have been recorded in 21 VSpenetrations. Since impulse responses decline within about 500 ms, square pulses of ≥0.5 s may be considere ...
Relative timing: from behaviour to neurons
... Figure 1. Hypothetical psychometric function from a temporal order judgement (TOJ) experiment. Two stimuli (A and B) are presented with a range of stimulus onset asynchronies (SOA). Subject’s probability of reporting stimulus A appearing first is plotted as a function of SOA, defined as ‘stimulus A ...
... Figure 1. Hypothetical psychometric function from a temporal order judgement (TOJ) experiment. Two stimuli (A and B) are presented with a range of stimulus onset asynchronies (SOA). Subject’s probability of reporting stimulus A appearing first is plotted as a function of SOA, defined as ‘stimulus A ...
Temporal delays among place cells determine the frequency of
... of neuronal populations (1–3). In the simplest case, the firing rate of a subset of neurons oscillates with a particular mean frequency, and this seed population functions as the pacemaker and biases the discharge phase of the remaining majority. Examples include the various rhythms of the thalamocor ...
... of neuronal populations (1–3). In the simplest case, the firing rate of a subset of neurons oscillates with a particular mean frequency, and this seed population functions as the pacemaker and biases the discharge phase of the remaining majority. Examples include the various rhythms of the thalamocor ...
The Nervous System in Lumbriculus variegatus
... crawling behaviors have not been studied. Since swimming and crawling are rhythmic and patterned movements (Drewes and Cain, 1998), we would expect and assume that each of these behaviors is controlled by some type of central pattern generator in the worm’s ventral nerve cord. The term “central patt ...
... crawling behaviors have not been studied. Since swimming and crawling are rhythmic and patterned movements (Drewes and Cain, 1998), we would expect and assume that each of these behaviors is controlled by some type of central pattern generator in the worm’s ventral nerve cord. The term “central patt ...
Categorical perception of somesthetic stimuli: psychophysical
... stimulus speeds (categorical neurons). In a light instruction task, we tested the possibility that the categorical neurons (n = 71) were associated with the intention to press, or with the trajectory of the hand to one of the two target switches used to indicate categorization. In this situation, ea ...
... stimulus speeds (categorical neurons). In a light instruction task, we tested the possibility that the categorical neurons (n = 71) were associated with the intention to press, or with the trajectory of the hand to one of the two target switches used to indicate categorization. In this situation, ea ...
Neural Correlates of Vibrissa Resonance: Band
... (A) Left: an example of a trigeminal ganglion (NV) single unit driven by B2 vibrissa stimulation at multiple frequencies. Spiking rate (top) shows a strong relation to vibrissa motion amplitude (middle). Vertical bars indicate the best frequency (BF, black), the frequency that drove peak neural acti ...
... (A) Left: an example of a trigeminal ganglion (NV) single unit driven by B2 vibrissa stimulation at multiple frequencies. Spiking rate (top) shows a strong relation to vibrissa motion amplitude (middle). Vertical bars indicate the best frequency (BF, black), the frequency that drove peak neural acti ...
Parent Information Package Central Auditory Processing Disorders Assessment and Management
... transmitted along the pathways of the hearing nerve. At the brain level it is how auditory information interacts with the other senses and memory. In brief, it is what we do with what we hear. Hearing begins with perceiving and identifying that a sound is present. This is followed by a series of aud ...
... transmitted along the pathways of the hearing nerve. At the brain level it is how auditory information interacts with the other senses and memory. In brief, it is what we do with what we hear. Hearing begins with perceiving and identifying that a sound is present. This is followed by a series of aud ...
fears and phobias – animals and people
... be possible to reorient the dog so that you can get eye contact and to pull up and settle the dog so that the dog learns to ignore or accept the approaching stimulus. Another option is to use a “happy” tone of voice and walk just far enough away that the dog can be successfully distracted and settle ...
... be possible to reorient the dog so that you can get eye contact and to pull up and settle the dog so that the dog learns to ignore or accept the approaching stimulus. Another option is to use a “happy” tone of voice and walk just far enough away that the dog can be successfully distracted and settle ...
Principles of Electrical Currents
... – Electrodes spaced far apart will penetrate more deeply with less current density – Generally the larger the electrode the less density. If a large “dispersive” pad is creating muscle contractions there may be areas of high current concentration and other areas relatively inactive, thus functionall ...
... – Electrodes spaced far apart will penetrate more deeply with less current density – Generally the larger the electrode the less density. If a large “dispersive” pad is creating muscle contractions there may be areas of high current concentration and other areas relatively inactive, thus functionall ...
L4- Student Copy Motor Tracts
... Objectives of Lecture of Physiology of motor tracts At the end of this lecture the student should : (A) Appreciate what is upper motor neuron and lower motor neuron . (B) The main differences between the pyramidal and extrapyramidal systems . (C) explain the origin , course and functions of the fol ...
... Objectives of Lecture of Physiology of motor tracts At the end of this lecture the student should : (A) Appreciate what is upper motor neuron and lower motor neuron . (B) The main differences between the pyramidal and extrapyramidal systems . (C) explain the origin , course and functions of the fol ...
Classical Conditioning
... Pavlov came to his conclusions about how learning occurs completely by accident. Pavlov was a physiologist, not a psychologist. Physiologists study the life processes of organisms, from the molecular level to the level of cells, organ systems, and entire organisms. Pavlov's area of interest was the ...
... Pavlov came to his conclusions about how learning occurs completely by accident. Pavlov was a physiologist, not a psychologist. Physiologists study the life processes of organisms, from the molecular level to the level of cells, organ systems, and entire organisms. Pavlov's area of interest was the ...