Firing activities of auditory cortical neurons during categorical task
... between individual segments of the pattern rather than by specific physical properties of the individual segments. There is some evidence that non-human mammals have the perceptual capability to attend to relationships between acoustic items. For example, Wright and colleagues (2000) found that monk ...
... between individual segments of the pattern rather than by specific physical properties of the individual segments. There is some evidence that non-human mammals have the perceptual capability to attend to relationships between acoustic items. For example, Wright and colleagues (2000) found that monk ...
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... (sensory organs designed to respond to electrical fields) clustered at the tip of the spiny anteater’s snout. The researchers made this discovery by exposing small areas of (5) the snout to extremely weak electrical fields and recording the transmission of resulting nervous activity to the brain. Wh ...
... (sensory organs designed to respond to electrical fields) clustered at the tip of the spiny anteater’s snout. The researchers made this discovery by exposing small areas of (5) the snout to extremely weak electrical fields and recording the transmission of resulting nervous activity to the brain. Wh ...
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... in the stationary state of the responses, between 2 and 3 seconds from the stimulus onset. The neurons in Type I showed linear correlation between the stimulus frequency and the spike frequency in the range of up to 50 Hz stimulus frequency (n = 11). The neurons in Type II did not fire spikes in the ...
... in the stationary state of the responses, between 2 and 3 seconds from the stimulus onset. The neurons in Type I showed linear correlation between the stimulus frequency and the spike frequency in the range of up to 50 Hz stimulus frequency (n = 11). The neurons in Type II did not fire spikes in the ...
The Timing of Response Onset and Offset in Macaque
... Average responses to stimulus transitions were always compared with the response for a reference pattern (the reference response) that had no transition. For example, the reference stimulus pattern for AP was 50 msec (five frames) of A. Figure 1 shows examples of responses to stimulus transitions an ...
... Average responses to stimulus transitions were always compared with the response for a reference pattern (the reference response) that had no transition. For example, the reference stimulus pattern for AP was 50 msec (five frames) of A. Figure 1 shows examples of responses to stimulus transitions an ...
Functional Sub-regions for Optic Flow Processing in the
... We used a variety of stimuli to characterize the cells’ sensitivity to optic f low (see Fig. 1). In the first part of the study, expanding (outward radial motion) or contracting (inward radial motion) circular sinusoidal gratings were presented. Also, radial sinusoidal gratings, rotating clockwise o ...
... We used a variety of stimuli to characterize the cells’ sensitivity to optic f low (see Fig. 1). In the first part of the study, expanding (outward radial motion) or contracting (inward radial motion) circular sinusoidal gratings were presented. Also, radial sinusoidal gratings, rotating clockwise o ...
The Somatosensory System: Receptors and Central Pathways
... neurons overlap those of Aβ and Aδ sensory axons. The clinician takes advantage of the known distribution of the conduction velocities of afferent fibers in peripheral nerves to diagnose diseases that result in sensory-fiber degeneration or motor neuron loss. In certain conditions the loss of axons ...
... neurons overlap those of Aβ and Aδ sensory axons. The clinician takes advantage of the known distribution of the conduction velocities of afferent fibers in peripheral nerves to diagnose diseases that result in sensory-fiber degeneration or motor neuron loss. In certain conditions the loss of axons ...
Retinal ganglion cell synchronization by fixational eye movements
... with movement steps (Fig. 3a). In some units, significant responses were reached with amplitudes as small as 3 µm on the retina. For amplitudes between 5 and 9 µm, the relative peak response probability (p) increased roughly linearly with the amplitude (a) of the movement step (p = 0.21a; R2 = 0.97, ...
... with movement steps (Fig. 3a). In some units, significant responses were reached with amplitudes as small as 3 µm on the retina. For amplitudes between 5 and 9 µm, the relative peak response probability (p) increased roughly linearly with the amplitude (a) of the movement step (p = 0.21a; R2 = 0.97, ...
In Vitro Experiments on the Effects of Mouse Sarcomas 180
... (Fig. 3).' The fibers are distributed irregularly and take a wavy course. Between @4and 48 hours, the number of nerve fibers increases, but they are still rather sparse (Fig. 7). They have a tendency to fasciculate and to associate with rows and col umns of spindle cells. Those fibers which do not j ...
... (Fig. 3).' The fibers are distributed irregularly and take a wavy course. Between @4and 48 hours, the number of nerve fibers increases, but they are still rather sparse (Fig. 7). They have a tendency to fasciculate and to associate with rows and col umns of spindle cells. Those fibers which do not j ...
Multisensory Integration of Dynamic Faces and Voices
... wire with impedances between 1 and 3 M⍀ (measured at 1 kHz). The stainless-steel chamber was used as the reference. Signals were amplified, filtered (1–5000 Hz), and acquired at a 20.2 kHz sampling rate. Electrodes were lowered until multiunit cortical responses could be driven by auditory stimuli. ...
... wire with impedances between 1 and 3 M⍀ (measured at 1 kHz). The stainless-steel chamber was used as the reference. Signals were amplified, filtered (1–5000 Hz), and acquired at a 20.2 kHz sampling rate. Electrodes were lowered until multiunit cortical responses could be driven by auditory stimuli. ...
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... bandwidth. There is equal sizing and spacing of elements within this frequency-level grid. The number of recorded spikes and their arrival times evoked by the corresponding tone burst at a specific sound level are stored in a microcomputer for off-line analysis. Typically, a brief phasic discharge i ...
... bandwidth. There is equal sizing and spacing of elements within this frequency-level grid. The number of recorded spikes and their arrival times evoked by the corresponding tone burst at a specific sound level are stored in a microcomputer for off-line analysis. Typically, a brief phasic discharge i ...
The Neuroscientist
... our brain interprets their periodicity as the perceptual quality of pitch. Pitch has been defined as “that attribute of sound according to which sounds can be ordered on a scale from low to high” (American National Standards Institute [ANSI] 1994). In addition to forming the basis for music, pitch c ...
... our brain interprets their periodicity as the perceptual quality of pitch. Pitch has been defined as “that attribute of sound according to which sounds can be ordered on a scale from low to high” (American National Standards Institute [ANSI] 1994). In addition to forming the basis for music, pitch c ...
Functional imaging of human auditory cortex
... ACFs that are divided into central core fields and surrounding belt and parabelt fields as shown in Fig. 1a [11]. Many ACFs are organized tonotopically, that is, with a frequency representation mapped onto the cortical surface. In particular, the core fields at the center of auditory cortex have a m ...
... ACFs that are divided into central core fields and surrounding belt and parabelt fields as shown in Fig. 1a [11]. Many ACFs are organized tonotopically, that is, with a frequency representation mapped onto the cortical surface. In particular, the core fields at the center of auditory cortex have a m ...
Learning sensory maps with real-world stimuli in real time using a
... The above described mechanism makes a change in synaptic efficacy dependent on the temporal relation between pre- and postsynaptic activity. In particular, it will be strongly affected by the temporal relation between the inhibition and excitation a neuron receives and its own activity. Neurons whic ...
... The above described mechanism makes a change in synaptic efficacy dependent on the temporal relation between pre- and postsynaptic activity. In particular, it will be strongly affected by the temporal relation between the inhibition and excitation a neuron receives and its own activity. Neurons whic ...
Neuronal basis of contrast discrimination
... 18 s test period consisted of nine trials (2 s each). During each trial, two 0.5 s stimuli (one slightly higher contrast than the other) were presented, separated by a brief blank interval, and followed by a response interval. Subjects indicated which stimulus appeared to have the higher contrast by ...
... 18 s test period consisted of nine trials (2 s each). During each trial, two 0.5 s stimuli (one slightly higher contrast than the other) were presented, separated by a brief blank interval, and followed by a response interval. Subjects indicated which stimulus appeared to have the higher contrast by ...
Calcium Binding Protein-Like lmmunoreactivity Labels the Terminal
... nuclear complex (VLVA) and ICC (Leibler, 1975; Takahashi and Konishi, 1985, and unpublished observations; Conleeand Parks, 1986) that are composedof neurons selective for interaural time differences (Moiseff and Konishi, 1983; Takahashi and Konishi, 1983; Wagner et al., 1986). There is also a sparse ...
... nuclear complex (VLVA) and ICC (Leibler, 1975; Takahashi and Konishi, 1985, and unpublished observations; Conleeand Parks, 1986) that are composedof neurons selective for interaural time differences (Moiseff and Konishi, 1983; Takahashi and Konishi, 1983; Wagner et al., 1986). There is also a sparse ...
The Peripheral Nervous System and Reflex Activity
... All spinal nerves except C1 participate in dermatomes Extent of spinal cord injuries ascertained by affected dermatomes Most dermatomes overlap, so destruction of a single spinal nerve will not cause complete numbness ...
... All spinal nerves except C1 participate in dermatomes Extent of spinal cord injuries ascertained by affected dermatomes Most dermatomes overlap, so destruction of a single spinal nerve will not cause complete numbness ...
1) Discuss if NOCICEPTORS are real. 2) Describe the distribution of
... “In aplysia, the first potential nociceptors were identified in the abdominal ganglion but these were originally identified as being low threshold mechanoreceptors. However, if pinned out correctly these siphon innervating cells were shown to have high threshold with maximal activity occurring w ...
... “In aplysia, the first potential nociceptors were identified in the abdominal ganglion but these were originally identified as being low threshold mechanoreceptors. However, if pinned out correctly these siphon innervating cells were shown to have high threshold with maximal activity occurring w ...
THE AUDITORY SYSTEM OF HOMOROCORYPHUS
... nerve on the contralateral T fibre. This was also observed in Gampsocleis buergeri by Suga & Katsuki (1961). There is also a weak excitatory input from the tympanic nerve to the contralateral T fibre. Some tettigoniids [Mecopoda elongatd) do not have this inhibitory mechanism, which enhances the dir ...
... nerve on the contralateral T fibre. This was also observed in Gampsocleis buergeri by Suga & Katsuki (1961). There is also a weak excitatory input from the tympanic nerve to the contralateral T fibre. Some tettigoniids [Mecopoda elongatd) do not have this inhibitory mechanism, which enhances the dir ...
A part of the cholinergic fibers in mouse superior cervical ganglia
... the condition in which boutons richly surround the cellbody. The number of GAD65-immunopositive baskets per one section (12 grmu m thick) were 48.6+/-9.8 (n=5). All GAD65-immunopositive boutons exhibited VAchT immunoreactivity (Fig. 1). GAD65-immunopositive boutons and nNOS-immunopositive fibers of ...
... the condition in which boutons richly surround the cellbody. The number of GAD65-immunopositive baskets per one section (12 grmu m thick) were 48.6+/-9.8 (n=5). All GAD65-immunopositive boutons exhibited VAchT immunoreactivity (Fig. 1). GAD65-immunopositive boutons and nNOS-immunopositive fibers of ...
Paper: Neural substrates for expectation
... inhibited by expectation, rather than by a simple sensory representation of the UCS. • Responses of amygdala neurons to aversive (or appetitive) stimuli are modulated by expectation. • It is not clear whether this occurs during Pavlovian fear conditioning at sites of associative plasticity (such as ...
... inhibited by expectation, rather than by a simple sensory representation of the UCS. • Responses of amygdala neurons to aversive (or appetitive) stimuli are modulated by expectation. • It is not clear whether this occurs during Pavlovian fear conditioning at sites of associative plasticity (such as ...
Neural correlates for perception of 3d surface orientation from texture
... perceive depth from texture gradient. Although psychophysical studies suggest that humans perceive depth from texture gradient (15–17 ), there are few data to suggest that animals, including monkeys, perceive depth from texture gradient as humans do. This behavioral control is important, because tex ...
... perceive depth from texture gradient. Although psychophysical studies suggest that humans perceive depth from texture gradient (15–17 ), there are few data to suggest that animals, including monkeys, perceive depth from texture gradient as humans do. This behavioral control is important, because tex ...