Laser cooling of two trapped ions: Sideband cooling beyond the
... atoms for quantum information, and the interest in quantum statistics of ultracold atoms, have provided renewed interest and applications for laser cooling techniques @1#. The present goal is to laser cool several atoms to a pure quantum state ~to the motional ground state!, and experimental @2# and ...
... atoms for quantum information, and the interest in quantum statistics of ultracold atoms, have provided renewed interest and applications for laser cooling techniques @1#. The present goal is to laser cool several atoms to a pure quantum state ~to the motional ground state!, and experimental @2# and ...
chapter 5: effect of the optical properties of the epidermis on laser
... For most laser treatments the target site is some distance into the skin. The thickness of the epidermal layer in skin varies with location across the body. The absorption coefficient is a measure of the absorption (attenuation) of light through the medium (skin). The penetration depth of light in s ...
... For most laser treatments the target site is some distance into the skin. The thickness of the epidermal layer in skin varies with location across the body. The absorption coefficient is a measure of the absorption (attenuation) of light through the medium (skin). The penetration depth of light in s ...
polygonal mirror laser scanning heads: characteristic functions
... beams – for pre-objective PMs [22], or just single rays through the system [23]. With the present theory the simple, convenient single ray approach can be used and then extended to take into account finite width beams. The study of vignetting and of the enlargement of the spots due to oblique incide ...
... beams – for pre-objective PMs [22], or just single rays through the system [23]. With the present theory the simple, convenient single ray approach can be used and then extended to take into account finite width beams. The study of vignetting and of the enlargement of the spots due to oblique incide ...
Adiabatic creation of coherent superposition states in atomic beams
... take the axis of the atomic beam to define the y axis. Then the first of these fields can be obtained from a circularly polarized laser beam propagating along the z axis, perpendicular to the atomic beam. By means of a beam splitter and mirrors, this same laser beam can serve as the source of the se ...
... take the axis of the atomic beam to define the y axis. Then the first of these fields can be obtained from a circularly polarized laser beam propagating along the z axis, perpendicular to the atomic beam. By means of a beam splitter and mirrors, this same laser beam can serve as the source of the se ...
Single photon detection based devices and techniques for pulsed
... This thesis considers pulsed time-of-flight (TOF) range finding from the viewpoint of individual photons. On the one hand, noise effects originating from the discrete photonic nature of light are investigated. On the other hand, TOF measurement based on the flight time of single photons is tested. F ...
... This thesis considers pulsed time-of-flight (TOF) range finding from the viewpoint of individual photons. On the one hand, noise effects originating from the discrete photonic nature of light are investigated. On the other hand, TOF measurement based on the flight time of single photons is tested. F ...
Cooling and Trapping Neutral Atoms W. Ketterle, D. E. Pritchard
... Several recently observed phenomena Bose-Einstein condensates, superradiance of atoms, four-wave mixing and matter wave amplification were described as processes which are bosonically stimulated, i.e., their rates are proportional to (N+1), where N is the number of identical bosons in the final stat ...
... Several recently observed phenomena Bose-Einstein condensates, superradiance of atoms, four-wave mixing and matter wave amplification were described as processes which are bosonically stimulated, i.e., their rates are proportional to (N+1), where N is the number of identical bosons in the final stat ...
IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) e-ISSN: 2278-4861.
... matched (sync) then they are added together, resulting sine wave has twice the amplitude of the individual waves. In contrast, when two waves are completely out of sync, then resulting wave has no amplitude because two light waves cancel each other out [4]. Silicon is not considered to exhibit good ...
... matched (sync) then they are added together, resulting sine wave has twice the amplitude of the individual waves. In contrast, when two waves are completely out of sync, then resulting wave has no amplitude because two light waves cancel each other out [4]. Silicon is not considered to exhibit good ...
Kogelnik and Li
... results which are of practical value. Historically, the subject of laser resonators had its origin when Dicke [11, Prokhorov [2], and Schawlow and Townes [3] independently proposed to use the FabryPerot interferometer as a laser resonator. The modes in such a structure, as determined by diffraction ...
... results which are of practical value. Historically, the subject of laser resonators had its origin when Dicke [11, Prokhorov [2], and Schawlow and Townes [3] independently proposed to use the FabryPerot interferometer as a laser resonator. The modes in such a structure, as determined by diffraction ...
Optical spin transfer in ferromagnetic semiconductors J. Fern´ andez-Rossier , A. S. N´
... momentum back and forth between the collective magnetization and an individual photocarriers, which can be described either classically or quantum mechanically. The precession is abruptly interrupted by one of the following two processes: spontaneous emission of a photon (photocarrier recombination) ...
... momentum back and forth between the collective magnetization and an individual photocarriers, which can be described either classically or quantum mechanically. The precession is abruptly interrupted by one of the following two processes: spontaneous emission of a photon (photocarrier recombination) ...
FABRICATION OF MICROFLUIDIC STRUCTURES BY LASER
... perform this (the “hill climb” algorithm, for example), and, if we are fortunate enough to start off near the maximum, a maximization procedure should ensure that we reach the global maximum coupling position. However, this is a non-deterministic procedure, and doesn’t guarantee that we reach the ma ...
... perform this (the “hill climb” algorithm, for example), and, if we are fortunate enough to start off near the maximum, a maximization procedure should ensure that we reach the global maximum coupling position. However, this is a non-deterministic procedure, and doesn’t guarantee that we reach the ma ...
Alkali-metal atoms in laser fields: optical pumping, coherent
... collisions with the vapor-cell walls in two different ways: as ground-state relaxation and by averaging the time-dependent absorption over the distribution of interaction times. The former is a computationally efficient way to compare theoretical spectra to experimental results, and the latter revea ...
... collisions with the vapor-cell walls in two different ways: as ground-state relaxation and by averaging the time-dependent absorption over the distribution of interaction times. The former is a computationally efficient way to compare theoretical spectra to experimental results, and the latter revea ...
Precision interferometer
... contemporary tool for testing optical components. It has made it possible to create optical systems that are accurate to within a fraction of a wavelength. ➤ NOTE: The PASCO Precision Interferometer is not designed for actual component testing in the Twyman-Green mode. It is intended only to provide ...
... contemporary tool for testing optical components. It has made it possible to create optical systems that are accurate to within a fraction of a wavelength. ➤ NOTE: The PASCO Precision Interferometer is not designed for actual component testing in the Twyman-Green mode. It is intended only to provide ...
Preprint
... How to make a Bose-Einstein condensate Creating a BEC is simple in principle: Cool a gas until the thermal de Broglie wavelength is roughly the distance between atoms. However, in almost all cases, the BEC phase transition is preempted by the more familiar phase transitions that lead to liquids or ...
... How to make a Bose-Einstein condensate Creating a BEC is simple in principle: Cool a gas until the thermal de Broglie wavelength is roughly the distance between atoms. However, in almost all cases, the BEC phase transition is preempted by the more familiar phase transitions that lead to liquids or ...
An Optical Mask for Atomic Interferometry Experiments
... recombining them to observe their interference, has long been a tool for researchers to make precision measurements of physical phenomena. A famous historical example is the Michelson-Morley experiment of 1887, an optical interferometer designed to measure the effect of the luminiferous ether on the ...
... recombining them to observe their interference, has long been a tool for researchers to make precision measurements of physical phenomena. A famous historical example is the Michelson-Morley experiment of 1887, an optical interferometer designed to measure the effect of the luminiferous ether on the ...
Detection of Fluorescence from Single Molecules
... You will learn how to manipulate laser light using lenses. Specifically, you will measure the focal length of a lens. Using the light source and lens, you will verify the thin lens relation. Day 2: Alignment of the excitation pathway – Part 1 You will direct collimated laser light into the microscop ...
... You will learn how to manipulate laser light using lenses. Specifically, you will measure the focal length of a lens. Using the light source and lens, you will verify the thin lens relation. Day 2: Alignment of the excitation pathway – Part 1 You will direct collimated laser light into the microscop ...
Three-Dimensional Simulation of Vertical-Cavity Surface
... level testing is also possible in this configuration. Their use is heavily pursued in parallel fiber-optic communication, where multiple-wavelength arrays are good candidates. They operate in single longitudinal mode due to the short cavity length, while the number of transverse modes can be controlle ...
... level testing is also possible in this configuration. Their use is heavily pursued in parallel fiber-optic communication, where multiple-wavelength arrays are good candidates. They operate in single longitudinal mode due to the short cavity length, while the number of transverse modes can be controlle ...
Plasmonic Nanopore for Electrical Profiling of
... nanoantenna interaction, the signals obtained using our plasmonic nanopore are also almost 2 orders of magnitude higher compared to the signals obtained using a nanopore without plasmonic nanoantenna, making our method particularly suitable for profiling of low-intensity light beams. Future work may ...
... nanoantenna interaction, the signals obtained using our plasmonic nanopore are also almost 2 orders of magnitude higher compared to the signals obtained using a nanopore without plasmonic nanoantenna, making our method particularly suitable for profiling of low-intensity light beams. Future work may ...
Functional Form of the Imaginary Part of the Atomic Polarizability
... contributions which need to be separated from the coherent two-photon correction to the decay rate [13]. How can this intuitive picture be applied to the imaginary part of the polarizability? From a quantum theory point of view [1], the initial state/reference state in the calculation of the polariz ...
... contributions which need to be separated from the coherent two-photon correction to the decay rate [13]. How can this intuitive picture be applied to the imaginary part of the polarizability? From a quantum theory point of view [1], the initial state/reference state in the calculation of the polariz ...
molecular beam epitaxy grown strained heterostructures for active
... (VPE) [1]. An alternative approach for formation of LD active regions is a use of strained semiconductor heterostructures (SSH) based on triple and quaternary solid solutions InGaAs or InAlGaAs. Quantum-dimensional heterostructures with strong localization of electrons in the quantum well (QW) can b ...
... (VPE) [1]. An alternative approach for formation of LD active regions is a use of strained semiconductor heterostructures (SSH) based on triple and quaternary solid solutions InGaAs or InAlGaAs. Quantum-dimensional heterostructures with strong localization of electrons in the quantum well (QW) can b ...
Optics of Gaussian Beams
... The question could be asked – why should lasers that frequently have apparent cylindrical symmetry both in construction and excitation geometry generate transverse mode with Cartesian rather than radial symmetry? The answer is that this usually results because there is indeed some feature of laser c ...
... The question could be asked – why should lasers that frequently have apparent cylindrical symmetry both in construction and excitation geometry generate transverse mode with Cartesian rather than radial symmetry? The answer is that this usually results because there is indeed some feature of laser c ...
Local-Field Effects and Nanostructuring for Controlling Optical
... and improving the linear and nonlinear optical properties of materials. Within my studies, two approaches are considered: nanostructuring and invoking local-field effects. These broad topics involve various projects that I have undertaken during my Ph. D. research. The first project is on composite ...
... and improving the linear and nonlinear optical properties of materials. Within my studies, two approaches are considered: nanostructuring and invoking local-field effects. These broad topics involve various projects that I have undertaken during my Ph. D. research. The first project is on composite ...
External Cavity Mode-locked Semiconductor Lasers For
... The construction and characterization of ultra-low noise semiconductor-based mode-locked lasers as frequency comb sources with multi-gigahertz combline-to-combline spacing is studied in this dissertation. Several different systems were built and characterized. The first of these systems includes a n ...
... The construction and characterization of ultra-low noise semiconductor-based mode-locked lasers as frequency comb sources with multi-gigahertz combline-to-combline spacing is studied in this dissertation. Several different systems were built and characterized. The first of these systems includes a n ...
Coherent population trapping resonances at lower atomic
... beam with the stabilised frequency w1 = n33 effectively interacts with pump radiation only via the single common group of atoms, whose velocity projections are close to the zero value. Thus, the sole L-system 6S1/2(F = 3) – 6P3/2(F¢ = 3) – 6S1/2(F = 4) mainly contributes to the CPT resonance in abso ...
... beam with the stabilised frequency w1 = n33 effectively interacts with pump radiation only via the single common group of atoms, whose velocity projections are close to the zero value. Thus, the sole L-system 6S1/2(F = 3) – 6P3/2(F¢ = 3) – 6S1/2(F = 4) mainly contributes to the CPT resonance in abso ...
Revealing the time-dependent polarization of
... extending it by tomographic reconstruction [28, 29]. Although, performing tomographic reconstruction at each delay step and rotating the IR polarization state in front of the toroidal mirror without distorting it, would remain challenging. The reaction microscope, instead, allows for the direct meas ...
... extending it by tomographic reconstruction [28, 29]. Although, performing tomographic reconstruction at each delay step and rotating the IR polarization state in front of the toroidal mirror without distorting it, would remain challenging. The reaction microscope, instead, allows for the direct meas ...
Laser
A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation. The term ""laser"" originated as an acronym for ""light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation"". The first laser was built in 1960 by Theodore H. Maiman at Hughes Laboratories, based on theoretical work by Charles Hard Townes and Arthur Leonard Schawlow. A laser differs from other sources of light in that it emits light coherently. Spatial coherence allows a laser to be focused to a tight spot, enabling applications such as laser cutting and lithography. Spatial coherence also allows a laser beam to stay narrow over great distances (collimation), enabling applications such as laser pointers. Lasers can also have high temporal coherence, which allows them to emit light with a very narrow spectrum, i.e., they can emit a single color of light. Temporal coherence can be used to produce pulses of light as short as a femtosecond.Among their many applications, lasers are used in optical disk drives, laser printers, and barcode scanners; fiber-optic and free-space optical communication; laser surgery and skin treatments; cutting and welding materials; military and law enforcement devices for marking targets and measuring range and speed; and laser lighting displays in entertainment.