Laser cooling of trapped ions - Quantum Optics and Spectroscopy
... respect to a single point in space and are therefore used for single-ion experiments or for the confinement of large centrosymmetric ion clouds. Both the Paul and the Penning trap provide a potential that is described by harmonic oscillation in all three dimensions. The axial motion in a Penning tra ...
... respect to a single point in space and are therefore used for single-ion experiments or for the confinement of large centrosymmetric ion clouds. Both the Paul and the Penning trap provide a potential that is described by harmonic oscillation in all three dimensions. The axial motion in a Penning tra ...
TECHNICAL GUIDE
... Fabry-Perot interferometer. These are described in most elementary optics and physics texts. In all of these demonstrations, light from a source is split in some way to produce two sets of wavefronts. These wavefronts are recombined with a variable path difference between them. Whenever the path dif ...
... Fabry-Perot interferometer. These are described in most elementary optics and physics texts. In all of these demonstrations, light from a source is split in some way to produce two sets of wavefronts. These wavefronts are recombined with a variable path difference between them. Whenever the path dif ...
Laser Cooling and Trapping of Metastable Neon and Applications to
... The first laser cooling experiments involved the cooling of trapped ions by both Wineland et al. [7] with Mg+ ions and Neuhauser et al. [8] with Ba+ ions in 1978. The first experiment demonstrating laser cooling of neutral atoms was performed at Moscow’s Institute for Spectroscopy in 1981 with Na [9 ...
... The first laser cooling experiments involved the cooling of trapped ions by both Wineland et al. [7] with Mg+ ions and Neuhauser et al. [8] with Ba+ ions in 1978. The first experiment demonstrating laser cooling of neutral atoms was performed at Moscow’s Institute for Spectroscopy in 1981 with Na [9 ...
A mobile, high-precision atom-interferometer and its
... majority of atom interferometers include large and stationary setups, this field very often implies the additional request for a mobile apparatus. The Gravimetric Atom Interferometer (GAIN) project has been started to meet this requirement and to provide best possible accuracy at the same time. It a ...
... majority of atom interferometers include large and stationary setups, this field very often implies the additional request for a mobile apparatus. The Gravimetric Atom Interferometer (GAIN) project has been started to meet this requirement and to provide best possible accuracy at the same time. It a ...
Liquid-crystal photonic applications
... applications. Effort has been devoted to, e.g., sensing the different polarization properties of the incoming light,25, 26 polarization insensitivity,27 or wider spectral ranges.28–31 The main drawback of these Lyot–Ohman filters is the high loss in transmission because of the series of polarizers. ...
... applications. Effort has been devoted to, e.g., sensing the different polarization properties of the incoming light,25, 26 polarization insensitivity,27 or wider spectral ranges.28–31 The main drawback of these Lyot–Ohman filters is the high loss in transmission because of the series of polarizers. ...
Towards Multimaterial Multifunctional Fibres that See, Hear, Sense and Communicate
... nature materials | VOL 6 | MAY 2007 | www.nature.com/naturematerials ...
... nature materials | VOL 6 | MAY 2007 | www.nature.com/naturematerials ...
Method and apparatus for gas discharge laser output light
... may comprise a rotating diffuser Which may be a ground glass diffuser Which may also be etched. The Wavemeter may also comprise a collimator in the beam path collimating the diffused light; a confocal etalon creating an output based upon the collimated light entering the confocal etalon; and a detec ...
... may comprise a rotating diffuser Which may be a ground glass diffuser Which may also be etched. The Wavemeter may also comprise a collimator in the beam path collimating the diffused light; a confocal etalon creating an output based upon the collimated light entering the confocal etalon; and a detec ...
Development of a process for characterization of Nd:YAG crystals
... of laser beam characteristics from a single cavity laser and to establish a preliminary guideline that would determine which crystals were acceptable for use in production of laser devices. These objectives were achieved by developing the experimental procedures and by statistical analysis of the da ...
... of laser beam characteristics from a single cavity laser and to establish a preliminary guideline that would determine which crystals were acceptable for use in production of laser devices. These objectives were achieved by developing the experimental procedures and by statistical analysis of the da ...
PHOTONIC CRYSTALS WITH ACTIVE ORGANIC MATERIALS by
... dipole moment. (c) Atomic potential plotted against the distance between electron and nuclei. .......................................................................................................................... 20 Figure 1-2 Hyper Rayleigh scattering. Second harmonic light is generated in an i ...
... dipole moment. (c) Atomic potential plotted against the distance between electron and nuclei. .......................................................................................................................... 20 Figure 1-2 Hyper Rayleigh scattering. Second harmonic light is generated in an i ...
The Optical Resonator
... § Modes of different q but same (l,m) are called longitudinal (axial) modes § Modes with different (l,m) represent different transverse modes 3.Optical Resonator ...
... § Modes of different q but same (l,m) are called longitudinal (axial) modes § Modes with different (l,m) represent different transverse modes 3.Optical Resonator ...
Femtosecond Laser Pulses: Linear Properties
... described in simple physical terms. As femtosecond laser pulses can be generated directly from a wide variety of lasers with wavelengths ranging from the ultraviolet to the infrared no attempt is made to cover the different technical approaches. In chapter 4 we deal with the measurement of ultrashor ...
... described in simple physical terms. As femtosecond laser pulses can be generated directly from a wide variety of lasers with wavelengths ranging from the ultraviolet to the infrared no attempt is made to cover the different technical approaches. In chapter 4 we deal with the measurement of ultrashor ...
Erbium-implanted high-Q silica toroidal microcavity laser
... owing to their reduced modal spectra [16,18]. In particular, single-mode operation was possible in these devices. As a complementary method of gain functionalization that is more compatible with standard VLSI processing, we have recently demonstrated erbium-implantation-based toroidal microcavity la ...
... owing to their reduced modal spectra [16,18]. In particular, single-mode operation was possible in these devices. As a complementary method of gain functionalization that is more compatible with standard VLSI processing, we have recently demonstrated erbium-implantation-based toroidal microcavity la ...
Simultaneous spatial and temporal focusing: A route towards
... hampered, allowing for well-located ablation, drilling or cutting on µm-scales.2 Moreover, when focused into transparent materials extremely high intensities >1013 W/cm² are achieved at the focal region triggering nonlinear absorption processes.3 Dependent on the laser parameters and the processed m ...
... hampered, allowing for well-located ablation, drilling or cutting on µm-scales.2 Moreover, when focused into transparent materials extremely high intensities >1013 W/cm² are achieved at the focal region triggering nonlinear absorption processes.3 Dependent on the laser parameters and the processed m ...
Full text in DIVA
... on nonlinear absorption followed by fluorescence emission, i.e., the emitted photons are normally not coherent with the absorbed ones. However, when combined, the two measurement modes provide an important tool for imaging tissue intravitally in vivo or in sections.1,7,15,16 In the present work, a m ...
... on nonlinear absorption followed by fluorescence emission, i.e., the emitted photons are normally not coherent with the absorbed ones. However, when combined, the two measurement modes provide an important tool for imaging tissue intravitally in vivo or in sections.1,7,15,16 In the present work, a m ...
Laser and Gaussian Beam Propagation and Transformation
... systems. These systems are described by using the tools of matrix optics.[16–18] In the following, we will assume that laser beams have transversal dimensions small enough to consider them as paraxial beams. What it means is that the angular spectrum of the amplitude distribution is located around t ...
... systems. These systems are described by using the tools of matrix optics.[16–18] In the following, we will assume that laser beams have transversal dimensions small enough to consider them as paraxial beams. What it means is that the angular spectrum of the amplitude distribution is located around t ...
Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (OTDR)
... naturally taking place in the core of optical fibers. As the light propagates down a fiber, small material imperfections scatter the incoming light in all directions at every point along the fiber. A small amount of this scattered light propagates back and can be detected at the same point at which ...
... naturally taking place in the core of optical fibers. As the light propagates down a fiber, small material imperfections scatter the incoming light in all directions at every point along the fiber. A small amount of this scattered light propagates back and can be detected at the same point at which ...
Optical frequency combs: From frequency metrology to - JILA-PFC
... metrology [19]. Eventually, next-generation optical clocks are expected to be superior to existing microwave standards and may become future national standards of time and frequency. However, the use of optical frequency standards for the realization of basic units, e.g., of time and length, was ham ...
... metrology [19]. Eventually, next-generation optical clocks are expected to be superior to existing microwave standards and may become future national standards of time and frequency. However, the use of optical frequency standards for the realization of basic units, e.g., of time and length, was ham ...
High Power Optically Pumped Semiconductor Lasers for Sodium
... Abstract Optically pumped semiconductor lasers (OPSLs) are shown to provide a much more compact and less expensive source for illumination of the sodium layer of the mesosphere for use as a sodium laser guidestar via single and two photon excitation schemes. This represents a revolution in laser gui ...
... Abstract Optically pumped semiconductor lasers (OPSLs) are shown to provide a much more compact and less expensive source for illumination of the sodium layer of the mesosphere for use as a sodium laser guidestar via single and two photon excitation schemes. This represents a revolution in laser gui ...
Fabrication of submicrometer 3D structures by one
... such as propagation of light through mismatched refractive index and/or absorbing media. We demonstrated that when working with refractive index mismatch-free and very low absorption conditions, the light could be focused deeply inside the material, allowing a 3D optical manipulation. We then demons ...
... such as propagation of light through mismatched refractive index and/or absorbing media. We demonstrated that when working with refractive index mismatch-free and very low absorption conditions, the light could be focused deeply inside the material, allowing a 3D optical manipulation. We then demons ...
High harmonic generation by short laser pulses: time
... form a comb of evenly spaced peaks separated by the fundamental mode ωR in the laser cavity, which can be used as a frequency ruler (Figure 1.3). Because the duration of each pulse τ from mode-locked lasers varies inversely with their bandwidth ∆ω, however, it was only after the advent of femtosecon ...
... form a comb of evenly spaced peaks separated by the fundamental mode ωR in the laser cavity, which can be used as a frequency ruler (Figure 1.3). Because the duration of each pulse τ from mode-locked lasers varies inversely with their bandwidth ∆ω, however, it was only after the advent of femtosecon ...
Fluorescence of coumarins and xanthenes after two
... therefore been proposed that the enhanced resolution that is available through UV light can be achieved without the need for special UV optics.9 This has been proven for confocal fluorescence microscopy, showing that two-photon absorption leads to a confinement of the illumination volume.10 In these ...
... therefore been proposed that the enhanced resolution that is available through UV light can be achieved without the need for special UV optics.9 This has been proven for confocal fluorescence microscopy, showing that two-photon absorption leads to a confinement of the illumination volume.10 In these ...
Post compression of high-energy femto
... faster through the material compared to a short wavelength. Since the pulse contains many different wavelengths it will experience different refractive indices resulting in this additional temporal broadening of the pulse. It is very important that the pulse is broadened in such a way, that it is re ...
... faster through the material compared to a short wavelength. Since the pulse contains many different wavelengths it will experience different refractive indices resulting in this additional temporal broadening of the pulse. It is very important that the pulse is broadened in such a way, that it is re ...
Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers (SOAs)
... SOA Design We already discussed basic SOA design in the general lecture about optical amplifiers where we emphasized that a traveling wave (TW) amplifier, which relies on a singlepass gain, ideally has no mirror reflections and is the most desirable layout. This is typically achieved by either AR c ...
... SOA Design We already discussed basic SOA design in the general lecture about optical amplifiers where we emphasized that a traveling wave (TW) amplifier, which relies on a singlepass gain, ideally has no mirror reflections and is the most desirable layout. This is typically achieved by either AR c ...
Biology 177: Principles of Modern Microscopy
... But both limitations were addressed with continuous wavelength (CW) lasers • CW laser needs ~4 x more power than pulsed laser • Not because less efficient use of photons • But to continuously illuminate fluorophore ...
... But both limitations were addressed with continuous wavelength (CW) lasers • CW laser needs ~4 x more power than pulsed laser • Not because less efficient use of photons • But to continuously illuminate fluorophore ...
Laser cooling and trapping of atoms
... laser cooling. One of the characteristics of optical control of atomic motion is that the speed of atoms can be considerably reduced. Since the spread of velocities of a sample of atoms is directly related to its temperature, the field has been dubbed laser cooling, and this name has persisted throug ...
... laser cooling. One of the characteristics of optical control of atomic motion is that the speed of atoms can be considerably reduced. Since the spread of velocities of a sample of atoms is directly related to its temperature, the field has been dubbed laser cooling, and this name has persisted throug ...
Laser
A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation. The term ""laser"" originated as an acronym for ""light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation"". The first laser was built in 1960 by Theodore H. Maiman at Hughes Laboratories, based on theoretical work by Charles Hard Townes and Arthur Leonard Schawlow. A laser differs from other sources of light in that it emits light coherently. Spatial coherence allows a laser to be focused to a tight spot, enabling applications such as laser cutting and lithography. Spatial coherence also allows a laser beam to stay narrow over great distances (collimation), enabling applications such as laser pointers. Lasers can also have high temporal coherence, which allows them to emit light with a very narrow spectrum, i.e., they can emit a single color of light. Temporal coherence can be used to produce pulses of light as short as a femtosecond.Among their many applications, lasers are used in optical disk drives, laser printers, and barcode scanners; fiber-optic and free-space optical communication; laser surgery and skin treatments; cutting and welding materials; military and law enforcement devices for marking targets and measuring range and speed; and laser lighting displays in entertainment.