Neuronal activity in human primary visual cortex correlates with
... Just how large are these fluctuations in the fMRI signal during rivalry? For comparison, we did a separate series of scans measuring V1 activity while the stimuli physically alternated between the two monocular gratings (Fig. 1c). The duration of each stimulus presentation was determined by randomly ...
... Just how large are these fluctuations in the fMRI signal during rivalry? For comparison, we did a separate series of scans measuring V1 activity while the stimuli physically alternated between the two monocular gratings (Fig. 1c). The duration of each stimulus presentation was determined by randomly ...
Examples of well-written lab reports, by section
... explanation for the results is that the greater complexity of a visual signal trumps all other factors and causes a slower brain processing time when compared to an audio signal. On the other hand, the data suggests that in the case of audio signals, neither prompts nor priming contributed to signif ...
... explanation for the results is that the greater complexity of a visual signal trumps all other factors and causes a slower brain processing time when compared to an audio signal. On the other hand, the data suggests that in the case of audio signals, neither prompts nor priming contributed to signif ...
Neuronal responses to face-like and facial stimuli in the monkey
... Figure 1A shows the stimulus set, which consisted of photos of human faces, that was used in the present study. These photos have been previously reported to activate monkey amygdala neurons (Tazumi et al., 2010). The facial photos, which were obtained with five human models, consisted of three head ...
... Figure 1A shows the stimulus set, which consisted of photos of human faces, that was used in the present study. These photos have been previously reported to activate monkey amygdala neurons (Tazumi et al., 2010). The facial photos, which were obtained with five human models, consisted of three head ...
Is In-out asymmetry diagnostic of visual crowding? Ramakrishna
... 2002; Pelli et al., 2004) that crowding and contrast masking mechanisms can be distinguished by a set of properties: masking impairs detection, whereas crowding only affects identification; masking scales with the size of the objects, whereas crowding does not; masking is independent of eccentricity ...
... 2002; Pelli et al., 2004) that crowding and contrast masking mechanisms can be distinguished by a set of properties: masking impairs detection, whereas crowding only affects identification; masking scales with the size of the objects, whereas crowding does not; masking is independent of eccentricity ...
A Neural Theory of Visual Attention
... (RF) equals the attentional weight of the object divided by the sum of the attentional weights across all objects in the RF. Equation 2 of TVA describes how attentional weights are computed, and logically this computation must occur before processing resources (cells) can be distributed in accordanc ...
... (RF) equals the attentional weight of the object divided by the sum of the attentional weights across all objects in the RF. Equation 2 of TVA describes how attentional weights are computed, and logically this computation must occur before processing resources (cells) can be distributed in accordanc ...
Vision in Drosophila - University of Queensland
... aspects of visual processing (Figure 2). The modularity begins in the retina, where 750 individual facets, called ommatidia, make up each compound eye. Each ommatidium is physically separated from its neighbor and contains one each of eight different photoreceptor (R) cells called R1–8 (37). The mod ...
... aspects of visual processing (Figure 2). The modularity begins in the retina, where 750 individual facets, called ommatidia, make up each compound eye. Each ommatidium is physically separated from its neighbor and contains one each of eight different photoreceptor (R) cells called R1–8 (37). The mod ...
Visual Experience Is Necessary for Maintenance But Not
... that the enlarged RFs in deprived animals result not from preservation of an early, unrefined state, but from a failure to maintain visual projections that were previously refined by spontaneous activity alone. Thus the extent to which spontaneous and visually driven activity contribute to the devel ...
... that the enlarged RFs in deprived animals result not from preservation of an early, unrefined state, but from a failure to maintain visual projections that were previously refined by spontaneous activity alone. Thus the extent to which spontaneous and visually driven activity contribute to the devel ...
Recounting the impact of Hubel and Wiesel
... introduction set the tone: ‘In the central nervous system the visual pathway from retina to striate cortex provides an opportunity to observe and compare single unit responses at several distinct levels. Patterns of light stimuli most effective in influencing units at one level may no longer be the ...
... introduction set the tone: ‘In the central nervous system the visual pathway from retina to striate cortex provides an opportunity to observe and compare single unit responses at several distinct levels. Patterns of light stimuli most effective in influencing units at one level may no longer be the ...
Evidence of Basal Temporo-occipital Cortex
... electrodes 2--3 of the BOT strip and 4--8 of the MO strip. Talairach (Talairach and Tournoux, 1988) coordinates (x, y, z) were (34, –50, –14) for electrode BOT-2, (49, –55, –16) for electrode BOT-3, (3, –65, 14) for electrode MO-4 and (3, –87, –2) for electrode MO-8. We shall refer to these areas as ...
... electrodes 2--3 of the BOT strip and 4--8 of the MO strip. Talairach (Talairach and Tournoux, 1988) coordinates (x, y, z) were (34, –50, –14) for electrode BOT-2, (49, –55, –16) for electrode BOT-3, (3, –65, 14) for electrode MO-4 and (3, –87, –2) for electrode MO-8. We shall refer to these areas as ...
Visual and presaccadic activity in area 8Ar of the macaque monkey
... cognitive control of visually guided oculomotor behavior (Barone and Joseph 1989), encoding ...
... cognitive control of visually guided oculomotor behavior (Barone and Joseph 1989), encoding ...
Words and pictures in the left fusiform gyrus
... Regarding what kind of word representation is computed in the VWFA, the picture is also unclear: While some studies find this area more activated by real words than consonant strings or pseudowords (Cohen et al., 2002), others have found that activity in the VWFA increases as word frequency decrease ...
... Regarding what kind of word representation is computed in the VWFA, the picture is also unclear: While some studies find this area more activated by real words than consonant strings or pseudowords (Cohen et al., 2002), others have found that activity in the VWFA increases as word frequency decrease ...
Different Stimuli, Different Spatial Codes: A Visual Map and an
... periphery. This coding format discrepancy therefore poses a potential problem for brain regions responsible for representing both visual and auditory information. Here, we investigated the coding of auditory space in the primate superior colliculus(SC), a structure known to contain visual and oculom ...
... periphery. This coding format discrepancy therefore poses a potential problem for brain regions responsible for representing both visual and auditory information. Here, we investigated the coding of auditory space in the primate superior colliculus(SC), a structure known to contain visual and oculom ...
Spatial Responsiveness of Monkey Hippocampal Neurons to
... activity of neurons in the hippocampal formation of the conscious monkey was recorded during presentation of various visual and auditory stimuli from several directions around the monkey. Of 1,047 neurons recorded, 106 (10.1%) responded to some stimuli from one or more directions. Of these 106 neuro ...
... activity of neurons in the hippocampal formation of the conscious monkey was recorded during presentation of various visual and auditory stimuli from several directions around the monkey. Of 1,047 neurons recorded, 106 (10.1%) responded to some stimuli from one or more directions. Of these 106 neuro ...
What insights can fMRI offer into the structure and function of mid-tier visual areas?
... our resolution is in the 2–5 mm range (Olman & Yacoub, 2011). The danger of the term “neural activity” is that it can be used to imply homogeneity in a heterogeneous and inadequately sampled neural population. Neuron density is on the order of 10,000 neurons/mm3 throughout cortex, as high as 40,000 ...
... our resolution is in the 2–5 mm range (Olman & Yacoub, 2011). The danger of the term “neural activity” is that it can be used to imply homogeneity in a heterogeneous and inadequately sampled neural population. Neuron density is on the order of 10,000 neurons/mm3 throughout cortex, as high as 40,000 ...
REVIEW Time Course of Auditory Processing, Visual Processing
... lobe, save these sounds and its mean; and record this information to language related processing centers.The frontal and temporal areas in speech comprehension in that temporal regions subserve bottom-up processing of speech, whereas frontal areas are more involved in top-down supplementary mechanis ...
... lobe, save these sounds and its mean; and record this information to language related processing centers.The frontal and temporal areas in speech comprehension in that temporal regions subserve bottom-up processing of speech, whereas frontal areas are more involved in top-down supplementary mechanis ...
the primate amygdala and reinforcement: a
... responses of amygdaloid neurons depend on the reinforcing value of visual stimuli, Sanghera et al. (1979) found neurons in the dorsolateral amygdala that responded primarily to foods and to the reward-associated visual stimulus in a visual discrimination task, responses that could reflect learned as ...
... responses of amygdaloid neurons depend on the reinforcing value of visual stimuli, Sanghera et al. (1979) found neurons in the dorsolateral amygdala that responded primarily to foods and to the reward-associated visual stimulus in a visual discrimination task, responses that could reflect learned as ...
Hippocampus duality: memory and novelty detection are subserved
... targets), the duration of the presentation of each stimulus was 400 ms, and the interstimulus interval (ISI) varied between 1000 and 1600 ms. The target and distractor were the same throughout the task and were abstract pictures difficult to verbalize. In the categorical OB task, targets (23%, 261 t ...
... targets), the duration of the presentation of each stimulus was 400 ms, and the interstimulus interval (ISI) varied between 1000 and 1600 ms. The target and distractor were the same throughout the task and were abstract pictures difficult to verbalize. In the categorical OB task, targets (23%, 261 t ...
Integration of Visual and Auditory Information by Superior Temporal
... the upper bank and fundus of the STS (Hikosaka, Iwai, Saito, & Tanaka, 1988; Bruce, Desimone, & Gross, 1981) and also in the lower bank of the STS (Benevento, Fallon, Davis, & Rezak, 1977). Benevento et al. (1977) estimated that the proportion of neurons in both banks of the STS that have both audit ...
... the upper bank and fundus of the STS (Hikosaka, Iwai, Saito, & Tanaka, 1988; Bruce, Desimone, & Gross, 1981) and also in the lower bank of the STS (Benevento, Fallon, Davis, & Rezak, 1977). Benevento et al. (1977) estimated that the proportion of neurons in both banks of the STS that have both audit ...
The time course of selective visual attention: theory and experiments
... In the case of the visual system, only a small fraction of information received reaches a level of processing to be voluntarily reported or directly used to influence behaviour. The psychophysical work of Helmholtz (1867) has originated a commonly employed metaphor for focal attention in terms of a s ...
... In the case of the visual system, only a small fraction of information received reaches a level of processing to be voluntarily reported or directly used to influence behaviour. The psychophysical work of Helmholtz (1867) has originated a commonly employed metaphor for focal attention in terms of a s ...
Negative BOLD in Sensory Cortices During
... of visual objects presented at a 1 Hz rate (while fixating, and with no further instruction). This SCR condition was scanned in all sighted subjects and its activation was used to define posterior occipital cortex/retinotopic visual areas (Fig. 3). This was done using the same block design (12 s sti ...
... of visual objects presented at a 1 Hz rate (while fixating, and with no further instruction). This SCR condition was scanned in all sighted subjects and its activation was used to define posterior occipital cortex/retinotopic visual areas (Fig. 3). This was done using the same block design (12 s sti ...
Alterations to multisensory and unisensory integration by stimulus
... orient toward biologically relevant events. The superior colliculus (SC) plays a key role in this task by translating sensory signals into the motor commands required for orienting the eyes, ears, and head toward salient visual, auditory, and tactile stimuli as well as to their various cross-modal c ...
... orient toward biologically relevant events. The superior colliculus (SC) plays a key role in this task by translating sensory signals into the motor commands required for orienting the eyes, ears, and head toward salient visual, auditory, and tactile stimuli as well as to their various cross-modal c ...
What can mice tell us about how vision works?
... Figure I. Cellular and physiological characterization of genetically identified retinal ganglion cell (RGC) subtypes in mice. Populations of On–Off direction-selective RGCs (DSGCs) can be genetically identified using transgenic mouse lines that express fluorescent markers (such as GFP) under the con ...
... Figure I. Cellular and physiological characterization of genetically identified retinal ganglion cell (RGC) subtypes in mice. Populations of On–Off direction-selective RGCs (DSGCs) can be genetically identified using transgenic mouse lines that express fluorescent markers (such as GFP) under the con ...
The Human Expression of Symmetry: Art and - Smith
... the animal world, where recognition of predators and prey could be based in part on discrimination of an animal's bilateral symmetry from the generally asymmetric background flora. In particular, when an animal turns to face the observing organism, seeing a meal or a mate, it displays its symmetry a ...
... the animal world, where recognition of predators and prey could be based in part on discrimination of an animal's bilateral symmetry from the generally asymmetric background flora. In particular, when an animal turns to face the observing organism, seeing a meal or a mate, it displays its symmetry a ...
Full Article - CIHR Research Group in Sensory
... The two behavioural trends observed in this study were well represented in the activity of neurons recorded from the dSC (n = 28). The strong opposite-side advantage observed in both monkeys at the 250-ms CTOA was associated with a marked reduction in the magnitude of the target-aligned response for ...
... The two behavioural trends observed in this study were well represented in the activity of neurons recorded from the dSC (n = 28). The strong opposite-side advantage observed in both monkeys at the 250-ms CTOA was associated with a marked reduction in the magnitude of the target-aligned response for ...
Frontal Eye Fields - Psychological Sciences
... Role in Target Selection FEF contributes to selecting the target and shifting attention before gaze shifts, both saccadic and pursuit [8]. It is also crucial to note that the neural signals occurring in FEF coincide with identical signals occurring in a network of interconnected structures including ...
... Role in Target Selection FEF contributes to selecting the target and shifting attention before gaze shifts, both saccadic and pursuit [8]. It is also crucial to note that the neural signals occurring in FEF coincide with identical signals occurring in a network of interconnected structures including ...
Visual N1
The visual N1 is a visual evoked potential, a type of event-related electrical potential (ERP), that is produced in the brain and recorded on the scalp. The N1 is so named to reflect the polarity and typical timing of the component. The ""N"" indicates that the polarity of the component is negative with respect to an average mastoid reference. The ""1"" originally indicated that it was the first negative-going component, but it now better indexes the typical peak of this component, which is around 150 to 200 milliseconds post-stimulus. The N1 deflection may be detected at most recording sites, including the occipital, parietal, central, and frontal electrode sites. Although, the visual N1 is widely distributed over the entire scalp, it peaks earlier over frontal than posterior regions of the scalp, suggestive of distinct neural and/or cognitive correlates. The N1 is elicited by visual stimuli, and is part of the visual evoked potential – a series of voltage deflections observed in response to visual onsets, offsets, and changes. Both the right and left hemispheres generate an N1, but the laterality of the N1 depends on whether a stimulus is presented centrally, laterally, or bilaterally. When a stimulus is presented centrally, the N1 is bilateral. When presented laterally, the N1 is larger, earlier, and contralateral to the visual field of the stimulus. When two visual stimuli are presented, one in each visual field, the N1 is bilateral. In the latter case, the N1’s asymmetrical skewedness is modulated by attention. Additionally, its amplitude is influenced by selective attention, and thus it has been used to study a variety of attentional processes.