When the Sun Prickles Your Nose: An EEG Study Identifying
... Background: Exposure to bright light such as sunlight elicits a sneeze or prickling sensation in about one of every four individuals. This study presents the first scientific examination of this phenomenon, called ‘the photic sneeze reflex’. Methodology and Principal Findings: In the present experim ...
... Background: Exposure to bright light such as sunlight elicits a sneeze or prickling sensation in about one of every four individuals. This study presents the first scientific examination of this phenomenon, called ‘the photic sneeze reflex’. Methodology and Principal Findings: In the present experim ...
Functional Properties of Parietal Visual Neurons: Mechanisms of
... Definitions. The large sizesand bilateral distributions of the receptive fields of PVNs require, for description, several terms, which we define here. The axis of movement is defined as the counterclockwise angle the axis makes with the vertical in the visual field. Frequently axes passed through th ...
... Definitions. The large sizesand bilateral distributions of the receptive fields of PVNs require, for description, several terms, which we define here. The axis of movement is defined as the counterclockwise angle the axis makes with the vertical in the visual field. Frequently axes passed through th ...
How Reliably Does a Neuron in the Visual Motion Pathway of fhe Fly
... behavioural situation the animal's own actions and reactions have immediate consequences on its sensory input. Therefore, the SIRC is not simply the consequence of an external source but is determined, at least to a large extent, by the animal itself. Hence, in order to assess the functional signifi ...
... behavioural situation the animal's own actions and reactions have immediate consequences on its sensory input. Therefore, the SIRC is not simply the consequence of an external source but is determined, at least to a large extent, by the animal itself. Hence, in order to assess the functional signifi ...
Electrophysiology in Vision How VEP and ERG Can Impact Your
... Dr. Weinreb's group, including lead author Yeni Yucel, M.D., Ph.D. (a neuropathologist and UCSD Postdoctoral Glaucoma Fellow at the time, presently the Director of Ophthalmic Pathology at the University of Toronto ), found in a primate model that there was extensive loss of nerve cells in the latera ...
... Dr. Weinreb's group, including lead author Yeni Yucel, M.D., Ph.D. (a neuropathologist and UCSD Postdoctoral Glaucoma Fellow at the time, presently the Director of Ophthalmic Pathology at the University of Toronto ), found in a primate model that there was extensive loss of nerve cells in the latera ...
Data Visualization Optimization Computational Modeling of Perception
... neurons along a branch called an axon. Neurons make on the order of 10,000 connections, called synapses, to other neurons. Depending on the neurotransmitter used by the neuron, its signals may have either excitatory or inhibitory effects on the recipient neuron. Signals from an excitatory neuron mak ...
... neurons along a branch called an axon. Neurons make on the order of 10,000 connections, called synapses, to other neurons. Depending on the neurotransmitter used by the neuron, its signals may have either excitatory or inhibitory effects on the recipient neuron. Signals from an excitatory neuron mak ...
Mapping Retinotopic Structure in Mouse Visual Cortex with Optical
... within the primary visual cortex. We determined the extent of area 17 with a maximum intensity projection of the intrinsic signal across all imaged single-condition maps and aligned the resulting map with both cytochrome oxidase-stained and SMI32-stained (Duffy et al., 1998) sections using the super ...
... within the primary visual cortex. We determined the extent of area 17 with a maximum intensity projection of the intrinsic signal across all imaged single-condition maps and aligned the resulting map with both cytochrome oxidase-stained and SMI32-stained (Duffy et al., 1998) sections using the super ...
Been There, Seen That: A Neural Mechanism for Performing
... already at. We included a fixed parameter that was set by the proportion of noninformative saccades (i.e., fixations with durations ...
... already at. We included a fixed parameter that was set by the proportion of noninformative saccades (i.e., fixations with durations ...
Nerve growth factor improves visual loss in childhood optic
... were applied to take into account the potential correlation between the eyes of each subject. However, visual measures between the two eyes of each patient were substantially uncorrelated (data not shown), as one would expect from the asymmetry of OPG. Thus, each eye measure was considered independe ...
... were applied to take into account the potential correlation between the eyes of each subject. However, visual measures between the two eyes of each patient were substantially uncorrelated (data not shown), as one would expect from the asymmetry of OPG. Thus, each eye measure was considered independe ...
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... components of the visual system is not inherent but largely dependent on the experience of learning to read. Although studies have reported that many children with severe reading difficulties have problems with controlling the visual fixation of words, in this context the concept of ‘visual dyslexia ...
... components of the visual system is not inherent but largely dependent on the experience of learning to read. Although studies have reported that many children with severe reading difficulties have problems with controlling the visual fixation of words, in this context the concept of ‘visual dyslexia ...
Frontal Eye Field Neurons Reflect Covert, Serial Shifts of Attention
... visual search we performed a psychophysical experiment in which we varied the number of objects in the visual array from 2 to 4. The behavioral RT to find the target during search increased by 22 ms for every item added to the visual array, suggesting that it took the animals approximately 44 ms to ...
... visual search we performed a psychophysical experiment in which we varied the number of objects in the visual array from 2 to 4. The behavioral RT to find the target during search increased by 22 ms for every item added to the visual array, suggesting that it took the animals approximately 44 ms to ...
Differential effects of 10-Hz and 40
... circle, and the large gap could be two-eighths or threeeighths of the circle. Participants responded on a commercial gamepad (Saitek dual analog model FPS P990), pressing one button with their right index finger for a large gap and another button with their right middle finger for a small gap. The l ...
... circle, and the large gap could be two-eighths or threeeighths of the circle. Participants responded on a commercial gamepad (Saitek dual analog model FPS P990), pressing one button with their right index finger for a large gap and another button with their right middle finger for a small gap. The l ...
Cortical Algorithms for Perceptual Grouping
... dots are positioned on the same object, but on the right hand side, they are not. These two images differ at a location far from the two red dots. Connectedness is a transitive property, and the grouping of connected image elements can therefore depend on long chains of more local groupings (see als ...
... dots are positioned on the same object, but on the right hand side, they are not. These two images differ at a location far from the two red dots. Connectedness is a transitive property, and the grouping of connected image elements can therefore depend on long chains of more local groupings (see als ...
urn_nbn_fi_jyu-20
... perception research, analogous phenomena of inattentional deafness are less well-known. In music, inattentional deafness has never been demonstrated under controlled experimental conditions, despite of indirect evidence for related effects. We tested inattentional deafness with real music in both mu ...
... perception research, analogous phenomena of inattentional deafness are less well-known. In music, inattentional deafness has never been demonstrated under controlled experimental conditions, despite of indirect evidence for related effects. We tested inattentional deafness with real music in both mu ...
Brain Research, 178 (1979) 363-380 363 © Elsevier/North
... Both the anterior and dorsal regions with larger receptive fields were cytoarchitectonically distinguishable from the remainder of IT. In the anterior region the cortex loses the columnar appearance of the rest of IT, layer 4 becomes thinner, the infragranular layers become thicker, and there is a l ...
... Both the anterior and dorsal regions with larger receptive fields were cytoarchitectonically distinguishable from the remainder of IT. In the anterior region the cortex loses the columnar appearance of the rest of IT, layer 4 becomes thinner, the infragranular layers become thicker, and there is a l ...
A Dynamic Field Theory of Visual Recognition in Infant Looking... Gregor Schöner Sammy Perone () and John P. Spencer ()
... only difference across simulations was in the distribution of the inputs. Mareschal and colleagues (e.g., Mareschal, French, & Quinn, 2000; French et al., 2004) have extensively examined the role of input distribution in asymmetric categorization and have tested predictions of an autoencoder network ...
... only difference across simulations was in the distribution of the inputs. Mareschal and colleagues (e.g., Mareschal, French, & Quinn, 2000; French et al., 2004) have extensively examined the role of input distribution in asymmetric categorization and have tested predictions of an autoencoder network ...
A simultaneous ERP/fMRI investigation of the P300 aging effect
... al., 2008; Solbakk et al., 2008). Because elderly participants are typically found to perform the oddball task at a comparable level with younger participants, the differences in P300 topography have been proposed to represent the compensatory activation of additional neural networks. Fabiani et al. ...
... al., 2008; Solbakk et al., 2008). Because elderly participants are typically found to perform the oddball task at a comparable level with younger participants, the differences in P300 topography have been proposed to represent the compensatory activation of additional neural networks. Fabiani et al. ...
Changes in the N1-P2 Complex after Speech
... there is tremendous potential for clinical application. The N1-P2 complex could be used to monitor neurophysiologic changes during speech-sound acquisition after cochlear implantation, hearing aid use, or any other form of auditory learning. More importantly, physiologic correlates of perception cou ...
... there is tremendous potential for clinical application. The N1-P2 complex could be used to monitor neurophysiologic changes during speech-sound acquisition after cochlear implantation, hearing aid use, or any other form of auditory learning. More importantly, physiologic correlates of perception cou ...
Visual Response Properties of Neurons in Four Extrastriate Visual
... was studied first. The responses were displayed as they occurred on an oscilloscope as peristimulus time histograms. As soon as the five runs of the stimulus sequence were completed, the orientation tuning of the unit was displayed on a polar plot. The optimal orientation was then used when studying ...
... was studied first. The responses were displayed as they occurred on an oscilloscope as peristimulus time histograms. As soon as the five runs of the stimulus sequence were completed, the orientation tuning of the unit was displayed on a polar plot. The optimal orientation was then used when studying ...
High-Level Visual Processing: Cognitive Influences
... fields and encode complex stimulus features. These selectivities often appear somewhat arbitrary. An individual neuron might, for example, respond strongly to a crescent-shaped pattern of a particular color and texture. Cells with such unique selectivities likely provide inputs to yet higher-order n ...
... fields and encode complex stimulus features. These selectivities often appear somewhat arbitrary. An individual neuron might, for example, respond strongly to a crescent-shaped pattern of a particular color and texture. Cells with such unique selectivities likely provide inputs to yet higher-order n ...
Cross-Modal Transfer of Information between the Tactile
... there is no polysensory cross-modal area, no cross-modal region “in which representations formed in one sense would reside and be accessed by another sense,” but suggested instead a system in which the senses can access each other directly from their sensory-specific systems. For the present purpose ...
... there is no polysensory cross-modal area, no cross-modal region “in which representations formed in one sense would reside and be accessed by another sense,” but suggested instead a system in which the senses can access each other directly from their sensory-specific systems. For the present purpose ...
primary visual cortex and visual awareness
... Visual attention can be directed to a particular region of space, visual feature or object, and can enhance the neural processing of attended stimuli and suppress the processing of irrelevant stimuli. Behavioural studies indicate that attention is necessary but not sufficient for visual awareness — ...
... Visual attention can be directed to a particular region of space, visual feature or object, and can enhance the neural processing of attended stimuli and suppress the processing of irrelevant stimuli. Behavioural studies indicate that attention is necessary but not sufficient for visual awareness — ...
The representation of Kanizsa illusory contours in the monkey
... are called illusory (or subjective) contours. Illusory and real contours activate early stages of the macaque visual pathway in similar ways. However, data relating to the processing of illusory contours in higher visual areas are scarce. We recently reported how illusory contours based on abutting- ...
... are called illusory (or subjective) contours. Illusory and real contours activate early stages of the macaque visual pathway in similar ways. However, data relating to the processing of illusory contours in higher visual areas are scarce. We recently reported how illusory contours based on abutting- ...
Modulation of attentional inhibition by norepinephrine and cortisol
... One important way in which stress may affect attention is through inhibitory mechanisms. The negative priming ŽNP. paradigm is designed to assess the role of inhibition in selective attention ŽTipper, 1985.. NP is structurally similar to the phenomenon of latent inhibition ŽLubow, 1973. and involves ...
... One important way in which stress may affect attention is through inhibitory mechanisms. The negative priming ŽNP. paradigm is designed to assess the role of inhibition in selective attention ŽTipper, 1985.. NP is structurally similar to the phenomenon of latent inhibition ŽLubow, 1973. and involves ...
Limitations of Neural Map Topography for Decoding Spatial
... are equivalent to step functions in our one-dimensional model. To generate responses for decoding, we presented each stimulus to the model 50 times, for a total of 150 presentations. The response ri of each tectal cell to each presentation of each stimulus was recorded. Decoding was performed as des ...
... are equivalent to step functions in our one-dimensional model. To generate responses for decoding, we presented each stimulus to the model 50 times, for a total of 150 presentations. The response ri of each tectal cell to each presentation of each stimulus was recorded. Decoding was performed as des ...
Transcripts/2_4 1
... ii. Something like 1/3 or 1/4 of the human brain is required for our full visual capability. That is an enormous amount of tissue, which is more than for language. iii. Why is this? Why does visual processing take so much of the brain? d. The problem here is something called the “inverse problem”. I ...
... ii. Something like 1/3 or 1/4 of the human brain is required for our full visual capability. That is an enormous amount of tissue, which is more than for language. iii. Why is this? Why does visual processing take so much of the brain? d. The problem here is something called the “inverse problem”. I ...
Visual N1
The visual N1 is a visual evoked potential, a type of event-related electrical potential (ERP), that is produced in the brain and recorded on the scalp. The N1 is so named to reflect the polarity and typical timing of the component. The ""N"" indicates that the polarity of the component is negative with respect to an average mastoid reference. The ""1"" originally indicated that it was the first negative-going component, but it now better indexes the typical peak of this component, which is around 150 to 200 milliseconds post-stimulus. The N1 deflection may be detected at most recording sites, including the occipital, parietal, central, and frontal electrode sites. Although, the visual N1 is widely distributed over the entire scalp, it peaks earlier over frontal than posterior regions of the scalp, suggestive of distinct neural and/or cognitive correlates. The N1 is elicited by visual stimuli, and is part of the visual evoked potential – a series of voltage deflections observed in response to visual onsets, offsets, and changes. Both the right and left hemispheres generate an N1, but the laterality of the N1 depends on whether a stimulus is presented centrally, laterally, or bilaterally. When a stimulus is presented centrally, the N1 is bilateral. When presented laterally, the N1 is larger, earlier, and contralateral to the visual field of the stimulus. When two visual stimuli are presented, one in each visual field, the N1 is bilateral. In the latter case, the N1’s asymmetrical skewedness is modulated by attention. Additionally, its amplitude is influenced by selective attention, and thus it has been used to study a variety of attentional processes.