Functional Organization of the Cat Visual Cortex in Relation to the
... activation and that these regions seem to have a close relationship with the singular points in the orientation-preference map. Preliminary results were presented in abstract form (Tani et al. ...
... activation and that these regions seem to have a close relationship with the singular points in the orientation-preference map. Preliminary results were presented in abstract form (Tani et al. ...
The relative roles of vertices and sides in determining perceptual
... in different orientations, if the error is measured relative to the figure. The use of a stimulus-locked perceptual reference system can explain why the Orientation factor was not significant in the present experiment, as well as in those of Davi (1989) and Yakimoff et al. (1990). The main factor wh ...
... in different orientations, if the error is measured relative to the figure. The use of a stimulus-locked perceptual reference system can explain why the Orientation factor was not significant in the present experiment, as well as in those of Davi (1989) and Yakimoff et al. (1990). The main factor wh ...
Models of bodily expression perception
... Contemporary affective science has strong reasons for turning our attention to bodily expressions and investing in this new field. To begin with, investigations of bodies will extend the scope of face-based research and provide evidence that human emotion theories based on studies of facial expressi ...
... Contemporary affective science has strong reasons for turning our attention to bodily expressions and investing in this new field. To begin with, investigations of bodies will extend the scope of face-based research and provide evidence that human emotion theories based on studies of facial expressi ...
Scene perception: inferior temporal cortex neurons encode the
... Overall design of the investigation The experiment was designed to provide evidence on how IT neurons respond in complex scenes with multiple objects present, and used five stimuli simultaneously presented with one at the fovea and four in the surrounding parafovea so that quantitative and controlled ...
... Overall design of the investigation The experiment was designed to provide evidence on how IT neurons respond in complex scenes with multiple objects present, and used five stimuli simultaneously presented with one at the fovea and four in the surrounding parafovea so that quantitative and controlled ...
Signals Conveyed in the Pulvinar Pathway from Superior Colliculus
... visually-guided delayed saccades, and memory-guided saccades. A subset using stimulation currents of 600 A (for additional details, see Berman of neurons were also tested with a modified fixation task for rapidly and Wurtz, 2010). If stimulation activated the neuron through the synmapping receptive ...
... visually-guided delayed saccades, and memory-guided saccades. A subset using stimulation currents of 600 A (for additional details, see Berman of neurons were also tested with a modified fixation task for rapidly and Wurtz, 2010). If stimulation activated the neuron through the synmapping receptive ...
Acceleration of visually cued conditioned fear through the
... solid lined region. The basolateral nucleus is indicated by the dotted line. D, dorsal; M, medial. Insets, the same sections at ×4 magnification. (b) 50 µm coronal section through the amygdala of a tone conditioned sham lesion mouse at ×10 magnification. Inset, the same section at ×4 magnification. ...
... solid lined region. The basolateral nucleus is indicated by the dotted line. D, dorsal; M, medial. Insets, the same sections at ×4 magnification. (b) 50 µm coronal section through the amygdala of a tone conditioned sham lesion mouse at ×10 magnification. Inset, the same section at ×4 magnification. ...
Normalization as a canonical neural computation
... The brain has a modular design. The advantages of modularity are well known to engineers: modules that can be replicated and cascaded, such as transistors and web servers, lie at the root of powerful technologies. The brain seems to apply this principle in two ways: with modular circuits and ...
... The brain has a modular design. The advantages of modularity are well known to engineers: modules that can be replicated and cascaded, such as transistors and web servers, lie at the root of powerful technologies. The brain seems to apply this principle in two ways: with modular circuits and ...
The Location and Function of NMDA Receptors in Cat
... in cats and kittens of different ages. If NMDA receptors are involved with visual processing per se, APV might be expected to suppress some component of the visual response, and the effect should be relatively constant at different ages. If, on the other hand, the absence of functional NMDA receptor ...
... in cats and kittens of different ages. If NMDA receptors are involved with visual processing per se, APV might be expected to suppress some component of the visual response, and the effect should be relatively constant at different ages. If, on the other hand, the absence of functional NMDA receptor ...
the functional properties of the light
... lobule is a higher order processing area of the visual system, for it is known to receive convergent inputs from both the geniculostriate and the collicular portions of the visual system. The striate and the prestriate areas are believed to project upon the inferior parietal lobule over a multiple-s ...
... lobule is a higher order processing area of the visual system, for it is known to receive convergent inputs from both the geniculostriate and the collicular portions of the visual system. The striate and the prestriate areas are believed to project upon the inferior parietal lobule over a multiple-s ...
The orbitofrontal cortex: Neuronal activity in the behaving monkey
... the object (if it was food or delivered saline), and finally (8) as the object was removed. On some trials, the object was removed before the monkey had a chance to taste it. The objects tested included numerous foods such as bananas, peanuts, raisins and other fruits, breakfast cereals, and sweets, ...
... the object (if it was food or delivered saline), and finally (8) as the object was removed. On some trials, the object was removed before the monkey had a chance to taste it. The objects tested included numerous foods such as bananas, peanuts, raisins and other fruits, breakfast cereals, and sweets, ...
Task demands determine the specificity of the search template Mary
... observers searched for a line oriented at 55 degrees among lines oriented at 50 degrees. Using a physiologically plausible model, the authors demonstrated that 55and 50-degree lines are best discriminated by a feature detector tuned to 60 degrees. They then showed that observers do indeed use a 60- ...
... observers searched for a line oriented at 55 degrees among lines oriented at 50 degrees. Using a physiologically plausible model, the authors demonstrated that 55and 50-degree lines are best discriminated by a feature detector tuned to 60 degrees. They then showed that observers do indeed use a 60- ...
Single-Trial Decoding of Visual Attention from Local Field Potentials
... sulcus. D, Precise location of implants according to intraoperative photography. Each small square represents an electrode site. Color codes for the attentional tuning of multiunit clusters recorded at each electrode site. ...
... sulcus. D, Precise location of implants according to intraoperative photography. Each small square represents an electrode site. Color codes for the attentional tuning of multiunit clusters recorded at each electrode site. ...
PDF - Journal of Neuroscience
... maintained uniform dot density across the stimuli. Radial patterns were created by accelerating the dots across screen using a sine ⫻ cosine function of each dot’s angular distance from the radial COM as viewed by the monkey. Average dot speed was adjusted to 36°/s in all stimuli. Both radial in (co ...
... maintained uniform dot density across the stimuli. Radial patterns were created by accelerating the dots across screen using a sine ⫻ cosine function of each dot’s angular distance from the radial COM as viewed by the monkey. Average dot speed was adjusted to 36°/s in all stimuli. Both radial in (co ...
The dynamic spatio-temporal behavior of visual responses in
... identical and these two stimulus situations cannot be distinguished by it. The interval pattern, however, differs. The stronger surround inhibition in A leads to more “holes” and, accordingly, the higher order intervals dominate here. In the situation depicted in C, a lower retinal impulse rate is m ...
... identical and these two stimulus situations cannot be distinguished by it. The interval pattern, however, differs. The stronger surround inhibition in A leads to more “holes” and, accordingly, the higher order intervals dominate here. In the situation depicted in C, a lower retinal impulse rate is m ...
Normalization in human somatosensory cortex
... level (“target ⫹ mask”). In addition, we included separate “maskonly” and “target-only” trials (at 50% of maximum vibration level) for estimating the weights on the forward model (see below). All 12 possible stimuli (5 amplitude levels with mask absent, 5 amplitude conditions with target ⫹ mask, tar ...
... level (“target ⫹ mask”). In addition, we included separate “maskonly” and “target-only” trials (at 50% of maximum vibration level) for estimating the weights on the forward model (see below). All 12 possible stimuli (5 amplitude levels with mask absent, 5 amplitude conditions with target ⫹ mask, tar ...
Selective attention through selective neuronal synchronization
... stream during task performance. In typical paradigms of selective attention, the sensory input is kept identical across trials with variations only in covert attention to different aspects of that input. In such tasks, neuronal responses are modulated with rapid temporal dynamics and high spatial se ...
... stream during task performance. In typical paradigms of selective attention, the sensory input is kept identical across trials with variations only in covert attention to different aspects of that input. In such tasks, neuronal responses are modulated with rapid temporal dynamics and high spatial se ...
Cross modality matching of brightness and loudness
... may have influenced the cortical response. Basic cross modality matching studies of brightness and loudness reveal that individuals tend to associate brighter lights with louder sounds and dimmer lights with softer sounds (Marks, 1987; McPherson, 1975; Stevens & Marks, 1965). Thus, the intensities o ...
... may have influenced the cortical response. Basic cross modality matching studies of brightness and loudness reveal that individuals tend to associate brighter lights with louder sounds and dimmer lights with softer sounds (Marks, 1987; McPherson, 1975; Stevens & Marks, 1965). Thus, the intensities o ...
Neuronal basis of contrast discrimination
... Psychophysical contrast increment thresholds were compared with neuronal responses, inferred from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to test the hypothesis that contrast discrimination judgements are limited by neuronal signals in early visual cortical areas. FMRI was used to measure human ...
... Psychophysical contrast increment thresholds were compared with neuronal responses, inferred from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to test the hypothesis that contrast discrimination judgements are limited by neuronal signals in early visual cortical areas. FMRI was used to measure human ...
Lateral Connectivity and Contextual Interactions in Macaque
... contour integration in primary visual cortex (V1): intrinsic horizontal connections and feedback from higher cortical areas. To distinguish between these, we combined functional mapping with a new technique for labeling axons, a recombinant adenovirus bearing the gene for green fluorescent protein ( ...
... contour integration in primary visual cortex (V1): intrinsic horizontal connections and feedback from higher cortical areas. To distinguish between these, we combined functional mapping with a new technique for labeling axons, a recombinant adenovirus bearing the gene for green fluorescent protein ( ...
Postnatal growth and column spacing in cat primary visual cortex
... 1977; Lwel and Singer 1993) to visualize ocular dominance columns in the primary visual cortex of awake kittens. A total of 23 animals (from 14 litters) from our institutes’ colonies was used. The experiments were performed with 3- to 6-week-old animals because (1) ocular dominance columns cannot b ...
... 1977; Lwel and Singer 1993) to visualize ocular dominance columns in the primary visual cortex of awake kittens. A total of 23 animals (from 14 litters) from our institutes’ colonies was used. The experiments were performed with 3- to 6-week-old animals because (1) ocular dominance columns cannot b ...
100 The Molecular and Structural Basis of Amblyopia
... by GABAergic inhibition. The reduction in visual cortical inhibition caused by genetic deletion of glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 both impairs the ocular dominance shift (Hensch et al., 1998) and prevents LTD with standard stimulation protocols (Choi et al., 2002). Although this correlation supports ...
... by GABAergic inhibition. The reduction in visual cortical inhibition caused by genetic deletion of glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 both impairs the ocular dominance shift (Hensch et al., 1998) and prevents LTD with standard stimulation protocols (Choi et al., 2002). Although this correlation supports ...
Binocular vision, the optic chiasm, and their associations with
... Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution | www.frontiersin.org ...
... Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution | www.frontiersin.org ...
Inferior Parietal Lobule Function in Spatial Perception and
... Progress has been more difficult in gaining an understanding of the somatosensory functions of this area and the possible role the IPL may play in the integration of somatosensory and visual information. It is becoming clear that an important integration of incoming visual signals and oculomotor sig ...
... Progress has been more difficult in gaining an understanding of the somatosensory functions of this area and the possible role the IPL may play in the integration of somatosensory and visual information. It is becoming clear that an important integration of incoming visual signals and oculomotor sig ...
Playing the electric light orchestra—how electrical stimulation of
... region of the calcarine fissure, the location of area V1 and other early visual areas, results in the sensation of light, called a phosphene [21–28], described as ‘like a star in the sky’ [21] (figure 1a). Locations of phosphenes with respect to the stimulating electrode agree with retinotopic maps ...
... region of the calcarine fissure, the location of area V1 and other early visual areas, results in the sensation of light, called a phosphene [21–28], described as ‘like a star in the sky’ [21] (figure 1a). Locations of phosphenes with respect to the stimulating electrode agree with retinotopic maps ...
Abstract of “Primate frontal eye fields mediate spatial attention in
... approximately 50ms before the initiation of a saccadic eye movement (Bruce and Goldberg, 1985; Thompson et al., 1996). These neurons are thought to influence eye movements through projections to the superior colliculus and basal ganglia (Stanton et al., 1988; Schall et al., 1995; Schall, 2009). Visu ...
... approximately 50ms before the initiation of a saccadic eye movement (Bruce and Goldberg, 1985; Thompson et al., 1996). These neurons are thought to influence eye movements through projections to the superior colliculus and basal ganglia (Stanton et al., 1988; Schall et al., 1995; Schall, 2009). Visu ...
Visual N1
The visual N1 is a visual evoked potential, a type of event-related electrical potential (ERP), that is produced in the brain and recorded on the scalp. The N1 is so named to reflect the polarity and typical timing of the component. The ""N"" indicates that the polarity of the component is negative with respect to an average mastoid reference. The ""1"" originally indicated that it was the first negative-going component, but it now better indexes the typical peak of this component, which is around 150 to 200 milliseconds post-stimulus. The N1 deflection may be detected at most recording sites, including the occipital, parietal, central, and frontal electrode sites. Although, the visual N1 is widely distributed over the entire scalp, it peaks earlier over frontal than posterior regions of the scalp, suggestive of distinct neural and/or cognitive correlates. The N1 is elicited by visual stimuli, and is part of the visual evoked potential – a series of voltage deflections observed in response to visual onsets, offsets, and changes. Both the right and left hemispheres generate an N1, but the laterality of the N1 depends on whether a stimulus is presented centrally, laterally, or bilaterally. When a stimulus is presented centrally, the N1 is bilateral. When presented laterally, the N1 is larger, earlier, and contralateral to the visual field of the stimulus. When two visual stimuli are presented, one in each visual field, the N1 is bilateral. In the latter case, the N1’s asymmetrical skewedness is modulated by attention. Additionally, its amplitude is influenced by selective attention, and thus it has been used to study a variety of attentional processes.