Magnocellular and Parvocellular Contributions to
... particular response property in the cortex cannot be taken as conclusive evidence for input from 1 channel. Physiological approaches based on response latency (Maunsell and Schiller, 1984; Berson, 1985; Petersen et al., 1988) are similarly limited in that they can only provide conclusive evidence fo ...
... particular response property in the cortex cannot be taken as conclusive evidence for input from 1 channel. Physiological approaches based on response latency (Maunsell and Schiller, 1984; Berson, 1985; Petersen et al., 1988) are similarly limited in that they can only provide conclusive evidence fo ...
High baseline activity in inferior temporal cortex
... to make the situation more similar to the natural environment in which the appearance of a behaviorally relevant sensory stimulus is usually unpredictable. After this fixation period, a noisy image was presented for 70 ms. After a 500-ms blank interval, two small response targets were presented 10◦ ...
... to make the situation more similar to the natural environment in which the appearance of a behaviorally relevant sensory stimulus is usually unpredictable. After this fixation period, a noisy image was presented for 70 ms. After a 500-ms blank interval, two small response targets were presented 10◦ ...
Paying attention to consciousness - What is Neuro
... scious experience. The tactic of this paper is therefore initially to concentrate on attention and only afterwards explore how consciousness might arise from inside the resulting neural model of attention. We will be able to use the qualitative features of consciousness, mentioned under the first th ...
... scious experience. The tactic of this paper is therefore initially to concentrate on attention and only afterwards explore how consciousness might arise from inside the resulting neural model of attention. We will be able to use the qualitative features of consciousness, mentioned under the first th ...
Chapter 3 Overlapping circuits for relative value and selective
... effect of relative value on V1 activity? In Experiment 2 we used the same task, but introduced a second fixation delay of 400ms so that we could also monitor V1 activity after the target curve had been cued (Figure 3A). If there is a single, unified neuronal selection mechanism driven by reward info ...
... effect of relative value on V1 activity? In Experiment 2 we used the same task, but introduced a second fixation delay of 400ms so that we could also monitor V1 activity after the target curve had been cued (Figure 3A). If there is a single, unified neuronal selection mechanism driven by reward info ...
stimulus conditions area MT of the macaque monkey under matched
... A. Similar adaptation effects in primary visual cortex and area MT of the macaque monkey under matched stimulus conditions. J Neurophysiol 111: 1203–1213, 2014. First published December 26, 2013; doi:10.1152/jn.00030.2013.—Recent stimulus history, or adaptation, can alter neuronal response propertie ...
... A. Similar adaptation effects in primary visual cortex and area MT of the macaque monkey under matched stimulus conditions. J Neurophysiol 111: 1203–1213, 2014. First published December 26, 2013; doi:10.1152/jn.00030.2013.—Recent stimulus history, or adaptation, can alter neuronal response propertie ...
The Medial Frontal Cortex and the Rapid Processing of Monetary
... the ERN (15–18). The design of our study, however, allowed us to demonstrate that the MFN did not reflect error detection. A loss of 5, when the unchosen alternative was a loss of 25, actually corresponded to the “correct” choice; it was the better of the two outcomes. Furthermore, a gain of 5, when ...
... the ERN (15–18). The design of our study, however, allowed us to demonstrate that the MFN did not reflect error detection. A loss of 5, when the unchosen alternative was a loss of 25, actually corresponded to the “correct” choice; it was the better of the two outcomes. Furthermore, a gain of 5, when ...
Reaching beyond the classical receptive field of V1 neurons
... moving high contrast sinewave grating of optimal orientation, spatial and temporal frequencies for the cell, and to increase its size until the response of the neuron ceases to increase [20,54,84]. The high contrast summation RF (hsRF) corresponds to the region of visual field over which the cell sum ...
... moving high contrast sinewave grating of optimal orientation, spatial and temporal frequencies for the cell, and to increase its size until the response of the neuron ceases to increase [20,54,84]. The high contrast summation RF (hsRF) corresponds to the region of visual field over which the cell sum ...
Transfer Effects and Conditional Learning in Rats With Selective
... cholinergic neurons produced by 192 IgG-saporin. Performance on a conditional task, in which 1 of 2 centrally displayed stimuli directed the rat to respond to an illuminated panel on the left or right, depended on training history: Control rats with experience on other visual tasks performed better ...
... cholinergic neurons produced by 192 IgG-saporin. Performance on a conditional task, in which 1 of 2 centrally displayed stimuli directed the rat to respond to an illuminated panel on the left or right, depended on training history: Control rats with experience on other visual tasks performed better ...
Neuronal representation of visual motion and orientation in the fly
... electrical recording of the neurons in the medulla is difficult. As an effort to overcome this difficulty, we employed local electroporation in vivo in the medulla of the blowfly (Calliphora vicina) to stain small ensembles of neurons with a calcium-sensitive dye. We studied the responses of these n ...
... electrical recording of the neurons in the medulla is difficult. As an effort to overcome this difficulty, we employed local electroporation in vivo in the medulla of the blowfly (Calliphora vicina) to stain small ensembles of neurons with a calcium-sensitive dye. We studied the responses of these n ...
Models and Measurements of Functional Maps in V1
... from the orientation, SF, and temporal frequency tuning curves of a given location on the cortical surface (Fig. 3). The traditional orientation and SF preference maps give two of the six parameters (orientation and SF preference). Adding temporal frequency parameters (preference and bandwidth) as w ...
... from the orientation, SF, and temporal frequency tuning curves of a given location on the cortical surface (Fig. 3). The traditional orientation and SF preference maps give two of the six parameters (orientation and SF preference). Adding temporal frequency parameters (preference and bandwidth) as w ...
Research paper: Perceptual and Visual Void on the Architectural
... Form, space and voids are the basic elements used in architectural design process. In this paper, the concept of void is addressed in relation to the architectural form. Voids in architectural form are classified into two main headings by examining a great number of examples in terms of the effects ...
... Form, space and voids are the basic elements used in architectural design process. In this paper, the concept of void is addressed in relation to the architectural form. Voids in architectural form are classified into two main headings by examining a great number of examples in terms of the effects ...
Vision for Prehension in the Medial Parietal Cortex - Gallettilab
... update the motor output, and to correct reach direction, hand orientation, and/or grip aperture as required during the act of prehension. In contrast to the generally accepted view that the dorsomedial component of the dorsal visual stream encodes reaching, but not grasping, the functional propertie ...
... update the motor output, and to correct reach direction, hand orientation, and/or grip aperture as required during the act of prehension. In contrast to the generally accepted view that the dorsomedial component of the dorsal visual stream encodes reaching, but not grasping, the functional propertie ...
directional asymmetries of optokinetic nystagmus: developmental
... to the field. The differentiator gain was calibrated by means of triangle-wave signals of known frequency and amplitude. The OKN slow-phase velocity was measured from the chart records b y means of a digitizing tablet interfaced to a computer. We measured the maximum slow-phase velocity within each ...
... to the field. The differentiator gain was calibrated by means of triangle-wave signals of known frequency and amplitude. The OKN slow-phase velocity was measured from the chart records b y means of a digitizing tablet interfaced to a computer. We measured the maximum slow-phase velocity within each ...
Organization of Visual Areas in Macaque and
... Figure 2. Ten partitioning schemes for macaque visual cortex registered to the atlas and displayed on flat map views. See abbreviation list for full names of areas. Data were registered to the atlas using a surface-based registration method in which geographic (gyral and sulcal) landmarks were used ...
... Figure 2. Ten partitioning schemes for macaque visual cortex registered to the atlas and displayed on flat map views. See abbreviation list for full names of areas. Data were registered to the atlas using a surface-based registration method in which geographic (gyral and sulcal) landmarks were used ...
Oriented Axon Projections in Primary Visual Cortex of the Monkey
... mask consisted of parallel black bars of equal width and spacing, oriented the same way as the moving grating. The masks differed only in being spatial complements of each other. Subtracting the responses acquired during the presentation of each mask produced a map representing stripes of differenti ...
... mask consisted of parallel black bars of equal width and spacing, oriented the same way as the moving grating. The masks differed only in being spatial complements of each other. Subtracting the responses acquired during the presentation of each mask produced a map representing stripes of differenti ...
Seana Coulson, Jonathan W. King and Marta Kutas
... to stimulus events; for example, the onset of the critical word in a large number of ungrammatical sentences. The logic behind averaging is to extract from the EEG only that information which is time-locked to the processing of the event. The result is a waveform containing a series of inflections t ...
... to stimulus events; for example, the onset of the critical word in a large number of ungrammatical sentences. The logic behind averaging is to extract from the EEG only that information which is time-locked to the processing of the event. The result is a waveform containing a series of inflections t ...
Organization of Visual Areas in Macaque and Human Cerebral
... next (Van Essen et al., 1984; Maunsell and Van Essen, 1987). This is compounded by substantial variability in the exact pattern of convolutions and in the location of areal boundaries relative to gyral and sulcal landmarks A compelling case for areal identification entails finding region-specific c ...
... next (Van Essen et al., 1984; Maunsell and Van Essen, 1987). This is compounded by substantial variability in the exact pattern of convolutions and in the location of areal boundaries relative to gyral and sulcal landmarks A compelling case for areal identification entails finding region-specific c ...
Principles of Neural Science - Weizmann Institute of Science
... The region of the retina from which the ganglion cell axons exit, the optic disc, contains no photoreceptors and therefore is insensitive to light—a blind spot in the retina. Since the disc is nasal to the fovea in each eye (Figure 27-1), light coming from a single point in the binocular zone never ...
... The region of the retina from which the ganglion cell axons exit, the optic disc, contains no photoreceptors and therefore is insensitive to light—a blind spot in the retina. Since the disc is nasal to the fovea in each eye (Figure 27-1), light coming from a single point in the binocular zone never ...
Imagery and Perception Share Cortical
... perception condition, the pictures (size 4.8) were presented for 4 s at a position either 6 left or right of fixation (Fig. 1B,C) in pseudorandom order. In the imagery condition, participants received auditory cues that indicated the location at which to imagine an object (left or right of fixation) ...
... perception condition, the pictures (size 4.8) were presented for 4 s at a position either 6 left or right of fixation (Fig. 1B,C) in pseudorandom order. In the imagery condition, participants received auditory cues that indicated the location at which to imagine an object (left or right of fixation) ...
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF VISUAL AREA MT
... Around the same time, Allman & Kaas (1971) were recording from owl monkeys and using a different approach. They made systematic rows of microelectrode penetrations across the entire cortex, mapping receptive fields as they went, thus discovering a large number of retinotopically organized maps. One o ...
... Around the same time, Allman & Kaas (1971) were recording from owl monkeys and using a different approach. They made systematic rows of microelectrode penetrations across the entire cortex, mapping receptive fields as they went, thus discovering a large number of retinotopically organized maps. One o ...
Structure and Function of Visual Area MT
... Around the same time, Allman & Kaas (1971) were recording from owl monkeys and using a different approach. They made systematic rows of microelectrode penetrations across the entire cortex, mapping receptive fields as they went, thus discovering a large number of retinotopically organized maps. One o ...
... Around the same time, Allman & Kaas (1971) were recording from owl monkeys and using a different approach. They made systematic rows of microelectrode penetrations across the entire cortex, mapping receptive fields as they went, thus discovering a large number of retinotopically organized maps. One o ...
Visuomotor Functions in the Frontal Lobe
... The frontal lobe contains multiple areas that have more or less distinct structures and functions. We begin with an orientation to the current understanding of frontal lobe layout before surveying the functions of the various areas. The frontal lobe can be partitioned into distinct areas on the basi ...
... The frontal lobe contains multiple areas that have more or less distinct structures and functions. We begin with an orientation to the current understanding of frontal lobe layout before surveying the functions of the various areas. The frontal lobe can be partitioned into distinct areas on the basi ...
Experience-Dependent Sharpening of Visual Shape Selectivity in
... stimulus repetition, familiarity, and salience can modulate ITC activity (Miller and others 1991, 1993; Fahy and others 1993; Li and others 1993; Jagadeesh and others 2001), and that visual experience results in increased clustering of neurons that respond selectively to trained stimuli (Erickson an ...
... stimulus repetition, familiarity, and salience can modulate ITC activity (Miller and others 1991, 1993; Fahy and others 1993; Li and others 1993; Jagadeesh and others 2001), and that visual experience results in increased clustering of neurons that respond selectively to trained stimuli (Erickson an ...
Normalization as a canonical neural computation
... in the primary visual cortex 17–19. Similar computations20 had been proposed previously to explain light adaptation in the retina21–24, size invariance in the fly visual system25 and associative memory in the hippocampus26. Evidence that has accumulated since then suggests that normalization plays a ...
... in the primary visual cortex 17–19. Similar computations20 had been proposed previously to explain light adaptation in the retina21–24, size invariance in the fly visual system25 and associative memory in the hippocampus26. Evidence that has accumulated since then suggests that normalization plays a ...
see clearly method
... using Minitab Release 14. In order to facilitate analysis and journal space limitations, only OU data was used. In the case of Rx data, the Rx of both eyes was summed to give the subject’s total Rx. Only TVA data for acuity analysis was used due to non-uniformity of the Snellen chart fraction series ...
... using Minitab Release 14. In order to facilitate analysis and journal space limitations, only OU data was used. In the case of Rx data, the Rx of both eyes was summed to give the subject’s total Rx. Only TVA data for acuity analysis was used due to non-uniformity of the Snellen chart fraction series ...
Visual N1
The visual N1 is a visual evoked potential, a type of event-related electrical potential (ERP), that is produced in the brain and recorded on the scalp. The N1 is so named to reflect the polarity and typical timing of the component. The ""N"" indicates that the polarity of the component is negative with respect to an average mastoid reference. The ""1"" originally indicated that it was the first negative-going component, but it now better indexes the typical peak of this component, which is around 150 to 200 milliseconds post-stimulus. The N1 deflection may be detected at most recording sites, including the occipital, parietal, central, and frontal electrode sites. Although, the visual N1 is widely distributed over the entire scalp, it peaks earlier over frontal than posterior regions of the scalp, suggestive of distinct neural and/or cognitive correlates. The N1 is elicited by visual stimuli, and is part of the visual evoked potential – a series of voltage deflections observed in response to visual onsets, offsets, and changes. Both the right and left hemispheres generate an N1, but the laterality of the N1 depends on whether a stimulus is presented centrally, laterally, or bilaterally. When a stimulus is presented centrally, the N1 is bilateral. When presented laterally, the N1 is larger, earlier, and contralateral to the visual field of the stimulus. When two visual stimuli are presented, one in each visual field, the N1 is bilateral. In the latter case, the N1’s asymmetrical skewedness is modulated by attention. Additionally, its amplitude is influenced by selective attention, and thus it has been used to study a variety of attentional processes.