Orbital angular momentum of light
... All these transitions can be seen in experiments with plane waves with short wavelenghts (up to nanometers), but their probability decreases very fast with higher orders. ~ in terms of the Laguerre-Gaussian beam modes. It Alternatively, we can expand vector potential A has been shown [11], that such ...
... All these transitions can be seen in experiments with plane waves with short wavelenghts (up to nanometers), but their probability decreases very fast with higher orders. ~ in terms of the Laguerre-Gaussian beam modes. It Alternatively, we can expand vector potential A has been shown [11], that such ...
Two-dimensional modulational instability in photorefractive media M Saffman , Glen McCarthy
... This latter expression shows clearly the decline of the instability growth rate with increasing angle away from the x̂ axis. In order to verify the reliability of the linear approximation discussed above we resorted to numerical analysis of the full two-dimensional model governing propagation of opt ...
... This latter expression shows clearly the decline of the instability growth rate with increasing angle away from the x̂ axis. In order to verify the reliability of the linear approximation discussed above we resorted to numerical analysis of the full two-dimensional model governing propagation of opt ...
WDM Concepts and Components
... • Only one (DFB or DBR) laser that has grating filter in the lasing cavity • Wavelength is tuned by either changing the temperature of the grating (0.1 nm/OC) • Or by altering the injection current into the passive section (0.006 nm/mA) • The tuning range decreases with the optical output power ...
... • Only one (DFB or DBR) laser that has grating filter in the lasing cavity • Wavelength is tuned by either changing the temperature of the grating (0.1 nm/OC) • Or by altering the injection current into the passive section (0.006 nm/mA) • The tuning range decreases with the optical output power ...
Coherent Laser Beam Addition: Application of Binary-Optics Technology An
... maximum amount of power along the optical axis. It is not sufficient simply to lock the lasers into a steady-state phase relationship. Much as in a phased-array antenna, the laser phases must be adjusted to direct power along the optical axis and, as with a phased array, maximum on-axis power is obt ...
... maximum amount of power along the optical axis. It is not sufficient simply to lock the lasers into a steady-state phase relationship. Much as in a phased-array antenna, the laser phases must be adjusted to direct power along the optical axis and, as with a phased array, maximum on-axis power is obt ...
Tutorial on Optomechanical Beam Steering Mechanisms
... Tilt Blocks These are simple plane parallel plates of transparent material that offset the beam position through refraction. The offset (for small ) is given by y = t (n-1)/n ...
... Tilt Blocks These are simple plane parallel plates of transparent material that offset the beam position through refraction. The offset (for small ) is given by y = t (n-1)/n ...
Principles of Interference
... amplitude division, is generally used to measure the temporal coherence of a source, where it compares a light wave with itself at different moments in time, c ; this type of coherence properties encode the spectral content of the intensity distribution. The classical Michelson interferometer is an ...
... amplitude division, is generally used to measure the temporal coherence of a source, where it compares a light wave with itself at different moments in time, c ; this type of coherence properties encode the spectral content of the intensity distribution. The classical Michelson interferometer is an ...
Automatic Absolute Distance Measurement with One Micrometer
... reducing the sensitivity of interferometric measurement tools and thus makes it possible to increase the non-ambiguity range for interferometry [8]. The method described here provides accuracies of a small fraction of synthetic wavelength over distances up to 20 meters. In this paper, we explain a n ...
... reducing the sensitivity of interferometric measurement tools and thus makes it possible to increase the non-ambiguity range for interferometry [8]. The method described here provides accuracies of a small fraction of synthetic wavelength over distances up to 20 meters. In this paper, we explain a n ...
Noise propagation in wave-front sensing with
... 共or active兲 optics systems. For these applications many wave-front sensing techniques have been developed and characterized.1 However, only a few techniques can be used with widely extended sources.2–5 Among them, phase diversity, which requires only two focal-plane images, presents some interesting ...
... 共or active兲 optics systems. For these applications many wave-front sensing techniques have been developed and characterized.1 However, only a few techniques can be used with widely extended sources.2–5 Among them, phase diversity, which requires only two focal-plane images, presents some interesting ...
... Consider Fraunhofer (far-field) Diffraction from an arbitrary aperture whose width and height are about the same. Let εA = the source strength per unit area. Then each infinitesimal area element dS emits a spherical wave that will contribute an amount dE to the field at P (X, Y, Z) on the screen ε T ...
1 - www2
... distance between the Earth and the moon. The measurement was done by time delay with an accuracy of about 1 ns i.e. 30 cm. The round trip of the light took ∼ 2.5 s. Small spot size (tight focusing). Because of highly directional properties of the laser beams, they can be focused to very small areas ...
... distance between the Earth and the moon. The measurement was done by time delay with an accuracy of about 1 ns i.e. 30 cm. The round trip of the light took ∼ 2.5 s. Small spot size (tight focusing). Because of highly directional properties of the laser beams, they can be focused to very small areas ...
3D widefield light microscopy with better than 100 nm axial resolution
... In either mode, acquisition proceeds just as in normal computational deconvolution microscopy (Agard et al., 1989): a focal series of images are recorded, with the ...
... In either mode, acquisition proceeds just as in normal computational deconvolution microscopy (Agard et al., 1989): a focal series of images are recorded, with the ...
and Vortex Field
... • Characterized by zero intensity, undefined phase, and a 2 rotation of phase along a closed loop encircling the point (i.e., they are branch-point types of singularities) • They are 2-D in nature and propagate in 3-D space in the direction of wave propagation • They exist only in pairs – a single ...
... • Characterized by zero intensity, undefined phase, and a 2 rotation of phase along a closed loop encircling the point (i.e., they are branch-point types of singularities) • They are 2-D in nature and propagate in 3-D space in the direction of wave propagation • They exist only in pairs – a single ...
High optical efficiency and photon noise limited sensitivity of microwave
... that the antenna occupies only 1% of the total pixel footprint. To achieve a high filling fraction we use elliptical lenses to focus the light on the antennas. The design presented here is an improvement on that by Yates et al.4 Our design has a wider body in section one, which provides 7 dB reduc ...
... that the antenna occupies only 1% of the total pixel footprint. To achieve a high filling fraction we use elliptical lenses to focus the light on the antennas. The design presented here is an improvement on that by Yates et al.4 Our design has a wider body in section one, which provides 7 dB reduc ...
The Response of Polarization Maintaining Fibers upon Temperature
... polarization axes by means of circular polarized optical radiation with no disturbance of external thermal field, the phase shift φ will be equal to zero and the corresponding Stokes component S2 = 0. For optical fiber length different from a multiple of its beat length and without effect of the ext ...
... polarization axes by means of circular polarized optical radiation with no disturbance of external thermal field, the phase shift φ will be equal to zero and the corresponding Stokes component S2 = 0. For optical fiber length different from a multiple of its beat length and without effect of the ext ...
Image Quality Criteria - University of Arizona
... usually modeled. During this modeling process an error analysis is performed in order to quantify the system performance as a function of planned and unplanned errors. Once the system is built, those metrics also need to be tested to verify that the imaging system will be able to meet its objectives ...
... usually modeled. During this modeling process an error analysis is performed in order to quantify the system performance as a function of planned and unplanned errors. Once the system is built, those metrics also need to be tested to verify that the imaging system will be able to meet its objectives ...
PDF
... micron-thick sample by producing 10 frames in less than 5 ms. For repetitive processes, one can use only xy-scanning, refocusing it at different depth step-by step. The speed of imaging depends on many additional factors, such as needed contrast (integration time), size of the scanned area, camera a ...
... micron-thick sample by producing 10 frames in less than 5 ms. For repetitive processes, one can use only xy-scanning, refocusing it at different depth step-by step. The speed of imaging depends on many additional factors, such as needed contrast (integration time), size of the scanned area, camera a ...
pdf
... defects; therefore, the mass production of uniform, defect-free, large-area 3D photonic structures, in particular with narrowband diffraction in the visible spectrum is limited.[8] For example, producing highquality monodisperse, highly-charged polystyrene particles through emulsion polymerization t ...
... defects; therefore, the mass production of uniform, defect-free, large-area 3D photonic structures, in particular with narrowband diffraction in the visible spectrum is limited.[8] For example, producing highquality monodisperse, highly-charged polystyrene particles through emulsion polymerization t ...
Quantitative Phase Imaging
... Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) is an emerging field aimed at studying weakly scattering and absorbing specimens (Popescu, 2011). The main challenge in generating intrinsic contrast from optically thin specimens including live cells is that, generally, they do not absorb or scatter light significan ...
... Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) is an emerging field aimed at studying weakly scattering and absorbing specimens (Popescu, 2011). The main challenge in generating intrinsic contrast from optically thin specimens including live cells is that, generally, they do not absorb or scatter light significan ...
Sub-mm Wave Imaging and Waveguiding
... continuous-wave systems (CW), which can be either active or passive, and TimeDomain-Systems (TDS), which are active. These two types of systems illustrate the opposing technological approaches which seek to bridge the THz gap. CW systems utilize a variety of technical schemes including diode-based f ...
... continuous-wave systems (CW), which can be either active or passive, and TimeDomain-Systems (TDS), which are active. These two types of systems illustrate the opposing technological approaches which seek to bridge the THz gap. CW systems utilize a variety of technical schemes including diode-based f ...
Phase Mismatch–Free Nonlinear Propagation in Optical Zero
... we consider a degenerate FWM process in which the pump, signal, and idler photons have approximately the same wavelength (wsignal ≈ wpump ≈ widler). In this process, the phase (momentum) mismatch in the forward and backward propagation directions can be expressed as Dk T ¼ j2k pump − k signal ∓ k id ...
... we consider a degenerate FWM process in which the pump, signal, and idler photons have approximately the same wavelength (wsignal ≈ wpump ≈ widler). In this process, the phase (momentum) mismatch in the forward and backward propagation directions can be expressed as Dk T ¼ j2k pump − k signal ∓ k id ...
Directional Reflection measurements on
... stage which controls the angle of the sample holder is set to the appropriate angle and fixed by turning the thumb wheel. For a reference measurement, the sample is removed and the entire sample stage assembly (upper stage+sample holder+V-mirror) is rotated to get the Vmirror into the reference posi ...
... stage which controls the angle of the sample holder is set to the appropriate angle and fixed by turning the thumb wheel. For a reference measurement, the sample is removed and the entire sample stage assembly (upper stage+sample holder+V-mirror) is rotated to get the Vmirror into the reference posi ...
Efficient output coupling of intracavity high harmonic generation
... acts as a diffraction grating for all harmonic orders and yet, is a near perfect high-reflector for the 1070 nm fundamental light. We find this optic produces no measurable decrease in the cavity finesse and power enhancement. It also seems to have a minimal effect on the cavity dispersion as determ ...
... acts as a diffraction grating for all harmonic orders and yet, is a near perfect high-reflector for the 1070 nm fundamental light. We find this optic produces no measurable decrease in the cavity finesse and power enhancement. It also seems to have a minimal effect on the cavity dispersion as determ ...
الشريحة 1
... like the sun or the moon. A shadow of a solid object, using light from a compact source, shows small fringes near its edges. The speckle pattern which is observed when laser light falls on an optically rough surface is also a diffraction phenomenon. All these effects are a consequence of the fact th ...
... like the sun or the moon. A shadow of a solid object, using light from a compact source, shows small fringes near its edges. The speckle pattern which is observed when laser light falls on an optically rough surface is also a diffraction phenomenon. All these effects are a consequence of the fact th ...
Single scattering by red blood cells
... The medical application of light for diagnostic purposes as well as for surgical use of lasers requires a description of the distribution of radiant energy in irradiated tissue. This description can be given by a rigorous1 or approximate2 solution of the radiative transfer equation or by a Monte Car ...
... The medical application of light for diagnostic purposes as well as for surgical use of lasers requires a description of the distribution of radiant energy in irradiated tissue. This description can be given by a rigorous1 or approximate2 solution of the radiative transfer equation or by a Monte Car ...
The Physics 431 Final Exam Wed, DECEMBER 15, 2010
... Re•{ E0 exp [i (ω t − kz cos θ − kx sin θ ] E0* exp [ −i (ω t − kz cos θ + kx sin θ ]} ∝ Re {exp [ −2ikx sin θ ]} ...
... Re•{ E0 exp [i (ω t − kz cos θ − kx sin θ ] E0* exp [ −i (ω t − kz cos θ + kx sin θ ]} ∝ Re {exp [ −2ikx sin θ ]} ...
Phase-contrast X-ray imaging
Phase-contrast X-ray imaging (PCI) or phase-sensitive X-ray imaging is a general term for different technical methods that use information concerning changes in the phase of an X-ray beam that passes through an object in order to create its images. Standard X-ray imaging techniques like radiography or computed tomography (CT) rely on a decrease of the X-ray beam's intensity (attenuation) when traversing the sample, which can be measured directly with the assistance of an X-ray detector. In PCI however, the beam's phase shift caused by the sample is not measured directly, but is transformed into variations in intensity, which then can be recorded by the detector.In addition to producing projection images, PCI, like conventional transmission, can be combined with tomographic techniques to obtain the 3D distribution of the real part of the refractive index of the sample. When applied to samples that consist of atoms with low atomic number Z, PCI is more sensitive to density variations in the sample than conventional transmission-based X-ray imaging. This leads to images with improved soft tissue contrast.In the last several years, a variety of phase-contrast X-ray imaging techniques have been developed, all of which are based on the observation of interference patterns between diffracted and undiffracted waves. The most common techniques are crystal interferometry, propagation-based imaging, analyzer-based imaging, edge-illumination and grating-based imaging (see below).