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Transversal ultrasonic probe
... turns out to magnify optical effects of the mechanical contact. 1. Introduction Ultrasonic testing of solid materials may require probing very small areas of a material. This can be done by coupling flat ultrasonic shear wave transducers to conical tips1. In many cases implying simultaneous detectio ...
... turns out to magnify optical effects of the mechanical contact. 1. Introduction Ultrasonic testing of solid materials may require probing very small areas of a material. This can be done by coupling flat ultrasonic shear wave transducers to conical tips1. In many cases implying simultaneous detectio ...
Concepts for the simulation of volume and surface scattering based
... • Field tracing allows inclusion of any component with any associated modeling technique. • In order to take maximum benefit of this field tracing capability, VirtualLab™ provides a programmable component which can be used together with all other components. • Programming languages: – C# with the fu ...
... • Field tracing allows inclusion of any component with any associated modeling technique. • In order to take maximum benefit of this field tracing capability, VirtualLab™ provides a programmable component which can be used together with all other components. • Programming languages: – C# with the fu ...
Photoacoustic microscopy with 2
... from laser-induced thermal-elastic expansion.1 Current mainstream high-resolution optical imaging techniques mainly include confocal microscopy 共CM兲, multiphoton microscopy, and optical coherence tomography 共OCT兲. The first two tools mostly exploit fluorescence contrast and generally require introdu ...
... from laser-induced thermal-elastic expansion.1 Current mainstream high-resolution optical imaging techniques mainly include confocal microscopy 共CM兲, multiphoton microscopy, and optical coherence tomography 共OCT兲. The first two tools mostly exploit fluorescence contrast and generally require introdu ...
A Study of the Phenomenon of Spontaneous Parametric Down
... do not require a previously calibrated standard in order to perform absolute optical measurements [2]. An example of a quantum phenomenon that produces entangled photons is spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC). SPDC was described as early as 1970 by D. C. Burnham and D.L. Weinberg [3]. Exper ...
... do not require a previously calibrated standard in order to perform absolute optical measurements [2]. An example of a quantum phenomenon that produces entangled photons is spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC). SPDC was described as early as 1970 by D. C. Burnham and D.L. Weinberg [3]. Exper ...
Broad Band Focusing and Demultiplexing of In-Plane Propagating Surface Plasmons Lin Li,
... on nonperiodic structures have been reported on the SPP focusing14 as well as the wavelength demultiplexing.15,16 However, these approaches severely depend on the coupling processes with the whole structure covered by out-plane incident light, which goes against a full manipulation of in-plane SPP a ...
... on nonperiodic structures have been reported on the SPP focusing14 as well as the wavelength demultiplexing.15,16 However, these approaches severely depend on the coupling processes with the whole structure covered by out-plane incident light, which goes against a full manipulation of in-plane SPP a ...
Interference and Interferometry [Pedrotti^3 Ch. 7 & Ch. 8]
... beams travelling separate paths (1) and (2), and then reassembled as (3). If the path difference ΔL = 2L = path(2) - path(1) is smaller than the coherence length Lc, interference can be observed. If ΔL > Lc the interference pattern disappears (the phase relation between the reassembled beams no long ...
... beams travelling separate paths (1) and (2), and then reassembled as (3). If the path difference ΔL = 2L = path(2) - path(1) is smaller than the coherence length Lc, interference can be observed. If ΔL > Lc the interference pattern disappears (the phase relation between the reassembled beams no long ...
Super-Resolution Fluorescence Microscopy by Structured Light
... light microscopy" (HELM), beschrieben, ...
... light microscopy" (HELM), beschrieben, ...
Holographic beam - Meadowlark Optics
... holograms in real time. To control hundreds of thousands of elements using a reasonable number of interconnects, data needs to be time-sequentially multiplexed into the active matrix backplane. Typically, active-matrix displays use a small number of analog drive signals (2 to 4) or several binary dr ...
... holograms in real time. To control hundreds of thousands of elements using a reasonable number of interconnects, data needs to be time-sequentially multiplexed into the active matrix backplane. Typically, active-matrix displays use a small number of analog drive signals (2 to 4) or several binary dr ...
Broad Band Two-Dimensional Manipulation of Surface Plasmons
... a metal/dielectric interface.1 The fundamental SPP properties have been extensively studied in 1970s and widely applied thereafter in a number of important applications such as surface plasmon resonance sensing2,3 and imaging,4,5 surfaceenhanced Raman scattering,6,7 surface-enhanced second harmonic ...
... a metal/dielectric interface.1 The fundamental SPP properties have been extensively studied in 1970s and widely applied thereafter in a number of important applications such as surface plasmon resonance sensing2,3 and imaging,4,5 surfaceenhanced Raman scattering,6,7 surface-enhanced second harmonic ...
Optical Behavior of Pellicles
... less than 1.3). Thus, single layer pellicles are the most common at these wavelengths. A typical ArF pellicle will have a complex refractive index of n+i = 1.40 + i0.0001 and a thickness of 828 nm. While designed to protect the mask from particles, pellicles are in fact optical elements within the i ...
... less than 1.3). Thus, single layer pellicles are the most common at these wavelengths. A typical ArF pellicle will have a complex refractive index of n+i = 1.40 + i0.0001 and a thickness of 828 nm. While designed to protect the mask from particles, pellicles are in fact optical elements within the i ...
from ucf.edu - CREOL - University of Central Florida
... do we have to invert the spatial coordinate x, but the Bloch wave number k must be inverted as well. Since this inner product is different than that employed in a real lattice, the orthogonality condition is also expected to take a different form and must be systematically derived. As mentioned befo ...
... do we have to invert the spatial coordinate x, but the Bloch wave number k must be inverted as well. Since this inner product is different than that employed in a real lattice, the orthogonality condition is also expected to take a different form and must be systematically derived. As mentioned befo ...
B. Gaussian Beam Transformation by a Lens.
... An ideal lens does not change the transverse profile of an optical field, so the Gaussian beam will remain a Gaussian at every point in the system. But, the wavefront curvature will be changed, as the beam passes through the lens, resulting in new values of waist position and waist diameter. Since t ...
... An ideal lens does not change the transverse profile of an optical field, so the Gaussian beam will remain a Gaussian at every point in the system. But, the wavefront curvature will be changed, as the beam passes through the lens, resulting in new values of waist position and waist diameter. Since t ...
K. S. Al Mugren, Y. El Sayed, H. Shoukry, A. El Taher
... reduced from 1790 to 1625 nm. The observed band shift may be due to the conversion of bridging oxygen to non bridging oxygen (NBO).When addition of copper leads to broading band due to splitting of "d" orbitals which increasing the electron density of the inner shells and enhances the intensitities ...
... reduced from 1790 to 1625 nm. The observed band shift may be due to the conversion of bridging oxygen to non bridging oxygen (NBO).When addition of copper leads to broading band due to splitting of "d" orbitals which increasing the electron density of the inner shells and enhances the intensitities ...
Optical Wavefront Sensing and Control
... camera) and a phase distribution (which cannot be directly measured). • In 1935 Frits Zernike, a professor at the University of Groningen in the Netherlands, realized that the phenomenon of optical diffraction makes it possible to produce an intensity image which is related to the phase distribution ...
... camera) and a phase distribution (which cannot be directly measured). • In 1935 Frits Zernike, a professor at the University of Groningen in the Netherlands, realized that the phenomenon of optical diffraction makes it possible to produce an intensity image which is related to the phase distribution ...
Diffractive read-out of optical disks
... read-out system can be done. Important features like the radial cross-talk and intersymbol interference can be studied with an advanced model of the optical read-out and the resulting signal jitter, an important quality factor for a digital signal, is efficiently obtained. A new approach is presente ...
... read-out system can be done. Important features like the radial cross-talk and intersymbol interference can be studied with an advanced model of the optical read-out and the resulting signal jitter, an important quality factor for a digital signal, is efficiently obtained. A new approach is presente ...
When to use the projection assumption and the weak
... can be separated because the incident electrons have a much higher energy than the interaction energy of the particles within the specimen, (ii) spin–spin interactions may be neglected, and (iii) the electron current in cryo-EM is low so that effectively only one electron interacts with the specimen ...
... can be separated because the incident electrons have a much higher energy than the interaction energy of the particles within the specimen, (ii) spin–spin interactions may be neglected, and (iii) the electron current in cryo-EM is low so that effectively only one electron interacts with the specimen ...
Agilent - Keysight
... stability of an oscillator over the observation time of hours, days, months or even years. Many oscillators that have excellent long-term stability, such as Rubidium oscillators, don’t have very good phase noise. When discussing phase noise we are really concerned with the short-term frequency varia ...
... stability of an oscillator over the observation time of hours, days, months or even years. Many oscillators that have excellent long-term stability, such as Rubidium oscillators, don’t have very good phase noise. When discussing phase noise we are really concerned with the short-term frequency varia ...
Lecture 3
... interaction with isotropic crystals and passes through at a single velocity. However, when light enters a non-equivalent axis (a), it is refracted into two rays each polarized with the vibration directions oriented at right angles to one another, and traveling at different velocities. This phenomeno ...
... interaction with isotropic crystals and passes through at a single velocity. However, when light enters a non-equivalent axis (a), it is refracted into two rays each polarized with the vibration directions oriented at right angles to one another, and traveling at different velocities. This phenomeno ...
Bild 1
... substrate will then be reflected and can escape from the semiconductor through the top surface. DBR-multilayer reflector consisting of typically 5-50 pairs of two materials with different refractive indices. Difference in refractive index the Fresnel reflection will occur at each of the interfaces. ...
... substrate will then be reflected and can escape from the semiconductor through the top surface. DBR-multilayer reflector consisting of typically 5-50 pairs of two materials with different refractive indices. Difference in refractive index the Fresnel reflection will occur at each of the interfaces. ...
Phase-contrast X-ray imaging
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Phase-contrast X-ray imaging (PCI) or phase-sensitive X-ray imaging is a general term for different technical methods that use information concerning changes in the phase of an X-ray beam that passes through an object in order to create its images. Standard X-ray imaging techniques like radiography or computed tomography (CT) rely on a decrease of the X-ray beam's intensity (attenuation) when traversing the sample, which can be measured directly with the assistance of an X-ray detector. In PCI however, the beam's phase shift caused by the sample is not measured directly, but is transformed into variations in intensity, which then can be recorded by the detector.In addition to producing projection images, PCI, like conventional transmission, can be combined with tomographic techniques to obtain the 3D distribution of the real part of the refractive index of the sample. When applied to samples that consist of atoms with low atomic number Z, PCI is more sensitive to density variations in the sample than conventional transmission-based X-ray imaging. This leads to images with improved soft tissue contrast.In the last several years, a variety of phase-contrast X-ray imaging techniques have been developed, all of which are based on the observation of interference patterns between diffracted and undiffracted waves. The most common techniques are crystal interferometry, propagation-based imaging, analyzer-based imaging, edge-illumination and grating-based imaging (see below).