Combining Photonic Crystal and Optical Monte
... the propagation of scintillation photons in PET detectors using ray tracing algorithms based on geometric optics [1]–[3], [12]. Since these techniques are not capable of computing the diffractive effects of PhCs, an additional tool is required to solve Maxwell’s equations. For the combination of the ...
... the propagation of scintillation photons in PET detectors using ray tracing algorithms based on geometric optics [1]–[3], [12]. Since these techniques are not capable of computing the diffractive effects of PhCs, an additional tool is required to solve Maxwell’s equations. For the combination of the ...
Reflection properties, anomalous group velocity and negative
... D’Aguanno et.al. [13], Jeong et.al. [14], Woodley et. al. [15], Ojha et.al. [16] have also calculated the group index by the same formula as suggested by Sakoda. A further justification in favour of the definition of effective index of refraction (neff((g)) in terms of the group velocity is that all ...
... D’Aguanno et.al. [13], Jeong et.al. [14], Woodley et. al. [15], Ojha et.al. [16] have also calculated the group index by the same formula as suggested by Sakoda. A further justification in favour of the definition of effective index of refraction (neff((g)) in terms of the group velocity is that all ...
Spectral phase conjugation via temporal imaging
... compensation techniques is a well-studied topic. While passive dispersion management methods exist such as the use of dispersion-shifted or dispersion-compensating fiber, active compensation methods come with the added benefit of compensating for dynamic distortions including removal of additional ...
... compensation techniques is a well-studied topic. While passive dispersion management methods exist such as the use of dispersion-shifted or dispersion-compensating fiber, active compensation methods come with the added benefit of compensating for dynamic distortions including removal of additional ...
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... experimental realization of this type of electron holography was in the hands of M.E Haine and T. Mulvey extremely successful: in their own words [47]. In our experiments, by paying careful attention to mechanical stage design and general instrument stability both mechanical and electrical, we have ...
... experimental realization of this type of electron holography was in the hands of M.E Haine and T. Mulvey extremely successful: in their own words [47]. In our experiments, by paying careful attention to mechanical stage design and general instrument stability both mechanical and electrical, we have ...
Disorder-Enhanced Imaging with Spatially Controlled Light
... One of the big advantages of this approach, called wave front shaping, is that it does not require a source at the desired target point so that light could not only be focussed through but also deep inside a completely opaque material[66]. While the initial experiments required several minutes, impr ...
... One of the big advantages of this approach, called wave front shaping, is that it does not require a source at the desired target point so that light could not only be focussed through but also deep inside a completely opaque material[66]. While the initial experiments required several minutes, impr ...
Julie Cass - Stanford University
... Owing to the chromatic aberrations, the "focal length" specified for the lens is no longer the point of smallest beam radius. Instead, we defined a new adjusted focal length as the point at where the tightest beam waist is located. Through use of the Merit Function Editor in ZEMAX, system parameter ...
... Owing to the chromatic aberrations, the "focal length" specified for the lens is no longer the point of smallest beam radius. Instead, we defined a new adjusted focal length as the point at where the tightest beam waist is located. Through use of the Merit Function Editor in ZEMAX, system parameter ...
Spider Silk: The Mother Nature`s Biological Superlens
... To summarise, this paper verified that the minor ampullate spider silk, spun from the Nephila edulis spider, has the properties to perform as an optical superlens by utilising photonic nanojets to carry the surface information at a highspatial-frequency, which can resolve 100-nm objects and patterns ...
... To summarise, this paper verified that the minor ampullate spider silk, spun from the Nephila edulis spider, has the properties to perform as an optical superlens by utilising photonic nanojets to carry the surface information at a highspatial-frequency, which can resolve 100-nm objects and patterns ...
New method for estimating the refractive index of optical materials in
... scattering function inherent to the optical spectralselective elements of the cylindrical shape with the refractive index that did not exceed 2.25 were considered. At the same time, a number of optical materials with refractive indexes that exceed this value exist. For example, the refractive index ...
... scattering function inherent to the optical spectralselective elements of the cylindrical shape with the refractive index that did not exceed 2.25 were considered. At the same time, a number of optical materials with refractive indexes that exceed this value exist. For example, the refractive index ...
Measurement of Orbital Angular Momentum in Optical
... this pixel is then proportional to the power in the mode with the appropriate angular momentum. The second method is to couple the two first diffraction orders into two single mode fibres and measure the intensity at the output of these fibres. Only the Gaussian component will propagate through the fibre ...
... this pixel is then proportional to the power in the mode with the appropriate angular momentum. The second method is to couple the two first diffraction orders into two single mode fibres and measure the intensity at the output of these fibres. Only the Gaussian component will propagate through the fibre ...
Holography: origin, basic principle and applications of a
... fringes are obtained whose visibility is related to the coherence of the source. Let us introduce now, along the path of one of the two waves of figure 1a, an object O. The wave scattered from the sample, called object wave, will undergo a phase shift with respect to the wave coming from hole 1. Thi ...
... fringes are obtained whose visibility is related to the coherence of the source. Let us introduce now, along the path of one of the two waves of figure 1a, an object O. The wave scattered from the sample, called object wave, will undergo a phase shift with respect to the wave coming from hole 1. Thi ...
Alternative Beam Splitter/Compensator Configurations for Reduction
... The techniques of Fourier Transform Spectroscopy using the Michelson interferometer have been in development since the 1950s. 1 The fundamentals of these techniques were well documented in the 1970 Aspen International Conference on Fourier Spectroscopy.2 The conventional Fourier Transform Spectromet ...
... The techniques of Fourier Transform Spectroscopy using the Michelson interferometer have been in development since the 1950s. 1 The fundamentals of these techniques were well documented in the 1970 Aspen International Conference on Fourier Spectroscopy.2 The conventional Fourier Transform Spectromet ...
Comparison of the sensitivity of air and dielectric
... selective infiltration is to increase the average refractive index of the PCS which, to lowest order, has the effect of lowering the optical frequency of features in the photonic band structure of the infiltrated region with respect to that surrounding non-infiltrated region. The infiltrated region ...
... selective infiltration is to increase the average refractive index of the PCS which, to lowest order, has the effect of lowering the optical frequency of features in the photonic band structure of the infiltrated region with respect to that surrounding non-infiltrated region. The infiltrated region ...
Image reconstruction in diffuse optical tomography based on
... simulations which are based on probabilistic models can produce accurate results, they tend to be computationally slow to be of clinical use. Alternatively, numerical approximations to the RTE can be used whereby light propagation is estimated through well established particle transport models based ...
... simulations which are based on probabilistic models can produce accurate results, they tend to be computationally slow to be of clinical use. Alternatively, numerical approximations to the RTE can be used whereby light propagation is estimated through well established particle transport models based ...
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... frequency is the same (in linear optics) n also depends on the wavelength è dispersion. ...
... frequency is the same (in linear optics) n also depends on the wavelength è dispersion. ...
Strong critical coupling and polaritonic coherent perfect
... link between perfect absorbers and lasers has been recently pointed out in terms of time reversal within the coherent perfect absorption framework (CPA) [11]. In all the aforementioned examples, the material loss mechanisms (resistive, impurity scattering, interband electronic transitions…) feature ...
... link between perfect absorbers and lasers has been recently pointed out in terms of time reversal within the coherent perfect absorption framework (CPA) [11]. In all the aforementioned examples, the material loss mechanisms (resistive, impurity scattering, interband electronic transitions…) feature ...
1.5% root-mean-square flat-intensity laser beam
... and output beam shapes, the whole system can only work well for the single input–output combination. In addition, the technique can do nothing to reduce the effect of spatial noise and imperfections present in real laser beams. The use of diffractive optics and holographic optical elements is popula ...
... and output beam shapes, the whole system can only work well for the single input–output combination. In addition, the technique can do nothing to reduce the effect of spatial noise and imperfections present in real laser beams. The use of diffractive optics and holographic optical elements is popula ...
MS Word 97 - Vadim Makarov
... The security of public key cryptosystems is based on computational complexity. The idea is to use mathematical objects called one-way functions. By definition, it is easy to compute the function f(x) given the variable x, but difficult to reverse the calculation and compute x from f(x). In the cont ...
... The security of public key cryptosystems is based on computational complexity. The idea is to use mathematical objects called one-way functions. By definition, it is easy to compute the function f(x) given the variable x, but difficult to reverse the calculation and compute x from f(x). In the cont ...
2. - ACMAC
... Excitation along an area (vs. line definition of transverse phase in free-space) Short plasmon propagation and measurement distance (<100 microns), thus requiring fast acceleration (=non-paraxial conditions) Flexible beam shapers (e.g. Spatial Light Modulators) do not exist ...
... Excitation along an area (vs. line definition of transverse phase in free-space) Short plasmon propagation and measurement distance (<100 microns), thus requiring fast acceleration (=non-paraxial conditions) Flexible beam shapers (e.g. Spatial Light Modulators) do not exist ...
Resolution scaling in STED microscopy
... dark and bright states, to achieve such resolutions have since been demonstrated [8-13]. At the same time, STED has been applied to a multitude of imaging tasks [14-17] mainly in biology and more recently, STED microscopes have become commercially available. The resolution achieved by such a far-fie ...
... dark and bright states, to achieve such resolutions have since been demonstrated [8-13]. At the same time, STED has been applied to a multitude of imaging tasks [14-17] mainly in biology and more recently, STED microscopes have become commercially available. The resolution achieved by such a far-fie ...
Chapter15 - cloudfront.net
... location along the medium where the two interfering waves have a displacement in the same direction. In this case, both waves have an upward displacement; consequently, the medium has an upward displacement that is greater than the displacement of the two interfering pulses. Constructive interferenc ...
... location along the medium where the two interfering waves have a displacement in the same direction. In this case, both waves have an upward displacement; consequently, the medium has an upward displacement that is greater than the displacement of the two interfering pulses. Constructive interferenc ...
Branch point detection and correction using the branch
... dropped to zero at the cross-section of the receiver. Their suggestion to take care of branch points was to first find the branch point locations, then form the branch cuts so that they are ‘tucked away’ into regions of low intensity and then to reconstruct the phase function around them by using a ...
... dropped to zero at the cross-section of the receiver. Their suggestion to take care of branch points was to first find the branch point locations, then form the branch cuts so that they are ‘tucked away’ into regions of low intensity and then to reconstruct the phase function around them by using a ...
Phase-contrast X-ray imaging
Phase-contrast X-ray imaging (PCI) or phase-sensitive X-ray imaging is a general term for different technical methods that use information concerning changes in the phase of an X-ray beam that passes through an object in order to create its images. Standard X-ray imaging techniques like radiography or computed tomography (CT) rely on a decrease of the X-ray beam's intensity (attenuation) when traversing the sample, which can be measured directly with the assistance of an X-ray detector. In PCI however, the beam's phase shift caused by the sample is not measured directly, but is transformed into variations in intensity, which then can be recorded by the detector.In addition to producing projection images, PCI, like conventional transmission, can be combined with tomographic techniques to obtain the 3D distribution of the real part of the refractive index of the sample. When applied to samples that consist of atoms with low atomic number Z, PCI is more sensitive to density variations in the sample than conventional transmission-based X-ray imaging. This leads to images with improved soft tissue contrast.In the last several years, a variety of phase-contrast X-ray imaging techniques have been developed, all of which are based on the observation of interference patterns between diffracted and undiffracted waves. The most common techniques are crystal interferometry, propagation-based imaging, analyzer-based imaging, edge-illumination and grating-based imaging (see below).