- Phasics
... SHS configuration is that it permits the study of local effects such as filament instabilities15–18 and local transport properties19–21 that cannot be observed with large, multispeckled beams. Finally, the SHS configuration is also of interest because gathering all the energy into one unique focal s ...
... SHS configuration is that it permits the study of local effects such as filament instabilities15–18 and local transport properties19–21 that cannot be observed with large, multispeckled beams. Finally, the SHS configuration is also of interest because gathering all the energy into one unique focal s ...
Optics in Astronomy
... • Coherence is a property of the e.m. field vector! • It is important to consider the state of polarisation of the light as orthogonal states of polarisation do not interfere (laws of Fresnel-Arago). • Optical designs of interferometers which change the state of polarisaiton differently in different ...
... • Coherence is a property of the e.m. field vector! • It is important to consider the state of polarisation of the light as orthogonal states of polarisation do not interfere (laws of Fresnel-Arago). • Optical designs of interferometers which change the state of polarisaiton differently in different ...
Untitled - X-Ray and Neutron Science
... the order of 10−10 m. High frequency X-ray photons penetrate most materials and interact with electrons, which allows them to unveil the previously unreachable atomic structures of the study materials. On the other hand, there is a distinct biological hazard originating from the careless use of X-ra ...
... the order of 10−10 m. High frequency X-ray photons penetrate most materials and interact with electrons, which allows them to unveil the previously unreachable atomic structures of the study materials. On the other hand, there is a distinct biological hazard originating from the careless use of X-ra ...
Rotating light with light: Generation of helical modes of light by spin
... PBOE plane. The only limitation is in the maximum transverse spatial gradients that can be imposed on the phase, owing to condition (1).∗ To better appreciate the possible applications of these PBOE phase optical elements, consider, for example, a plate having a geometry defined by the radial-quadra ...
... PBOE plane. The only limitation is in the maximum transverse spatial gradients that can be imposed on the phase, owing to condition (1).∗ To better appreciate the possible applications of these PBOE phase optical elements, consider, for example, a plate having a geometry defined by the radial-quadra ...
Free-space optical communications have distinct advantages over
... through the atmosphere suffer from optical distortion due to atmospheric turbulence. Adaptive optics is the technology for correcting random optical wavefront distortions in real time. The goal of this thesis is the investigation of a wavefront sensorless adaptive optics system which, in contrast wi ...
... through the atmosphere suffer from optical distortion due to atmospheric turbulence. Adaptive optics is the technology for correcting random optical wavefront distortions in real time. The goal of this thesis is the investigation of a wavefront sensorless adaptive optics system which, in contrast wi ...
Non-iterative phase hologram computation for low
... CGHs are ideally complex valued functions that modulate both the amplitude and phase of the incident light. Yet, available SLMs can provide only some restricted type of modulation, such as phase-only, amplitude-only or binary [14, 15]. One option is to perform direct quantization on the ideal full c ...
... CGHs are ideally complex valued functions that modulate both the amplitude and phase of the incident light. Yet, available SLMs can provide only some restricted type of modulation, such as phase-only, amplitude-only or binary [14, 15]. One option is to perform direct quantization on the ideal full c ...
Introduction - Atto Second Physics
... This is the eikonal equation of ray optics, see (II-18), which may be regarded as the main postulate of ray optics. In conclusion: the scalar function S(r), which is proportional to the phase φ(r) in wave optics, is the eikonal of ray optics. The eikonal equation is the limit of the Helmholtz equati ...
... This is the eikonal equation of ray optics, see (II-18), which may be regarded as the main postulate of ray optics. In conclusion: the scalar function S(r), which is proportional to the phase φ(r) in wave optics, is the eikonal of ray optics. The eikonal equation is the limit of the Helmholtz equati ...
Holographic low-energy electron diffraction
... Generally, there is a similar contribution disturbing the object wave denoted by O2 in the lower right panel of figure 2. However, it can only emerge in directions compatible with the substrate translational symmetry and so does not contribute to the continuous intensity distribution created by the ...
... Generally, there is a similar contribution disturbing the object wave denoted by O2 in the lower right panel of figure 2. However, it can only emerge in directions compatible with the substrate translational symmetry and so does not contribute to the continuous intensity distribution created by the ...
A Michelson interferometric technique for measuring refractive index
... The optical setup for the Michelson interferometer is shown schematically in Fig. 4. Light from a Helium Neon source S (wavelength of 633nm) is deflected through a mirror M3 and strikes the beam splitter B. The beam splitter is a half-silvered glass plate (silvered on the back side) which reflects ...
... The optical setup for the Michelson interferometer is shown schematically in Fig. 4. Light from a Helium Neon source S (wavelength of 633nm) is deflected through a mirror M3 and strikes the beam splitter B. The beam splitter is a half-silvered glass plate (silvered on the back side) which reflects ...
polarization_magnifier
... tilted, with respect to the main beam, by the expected angle 2n tg B equal to 15 mrad. This angle is much larger than the typical 1 mrad divergence of a laser beam and thus allows separation of the multiply reflected beams in the far field. In our polarimeter12, we reject the spurious beams b ...
... tilted, with respect to the main beam, by the expected angle 2n tg B equal to 15 mrad. This angle is much larger than the typical 1 mrad divergence of a laser beam and thus allows separation of the multiply reflected beams in the far field. In our polarimeter12, we reject the spurious beams b ...
Arbitrary GRIN component fabrication in optically
... GRIN profile [9] and lithographic exposure of 100 µm - 1 mm thick polymer samples with a de-focused Gaussian beam [10]. In summary, the underlying physical principle of these methods limits their ability to fabricate high fidelity transverse GRIN lenses with arbitrary index profiles. To overcome thi ...
... GRIN profile [9] and lithographic exposure of 100 µm - 1 mm thick polymer samples with a de-focused Gaussian beam [10]. In summary, the underlying physical principle of these methods limits their ability to fabricate high fidelity transverse GRIN lenses with arbitrary index profiles. To overcome thi ...
Determination of the transfer function for optical surface topography
... is known as the modulation transfer function (MTF), whilst the argument is termed the phase transfer function (PTF) [37]. An OTF, MTF and PTF can be defined analogously for an incoherent case; however, in this case the system is ‘linear in intensity’, or, if the Born approximation is satisfied, the ...
... is known as the modulation transfer function (MTF), whilst the argument is termed the phase transfer function (PTF) [37]. An OTF, MTF and PTF can be defined analogously for an incoherent case; however, in this case the system is ‘linear in intensity’, or, if the Born approximation is satisfied, the ...
Diffraction effects in optical interferometric displacement detection in nanoelectromechanical systems
... The NEMS devices used in these experiments were silicon doubly clamped beams. The devices were fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator wafer with a 219-nm-thick silicon device layer on top of a 396-nm-thick sacrificial oxide layer. Figure 1(a) shows a scanning electron micrograph of a completed family ...
... The NEMS devices used in these experiments were silicon doubly clamped beams. The devices were fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator wafer with a 219-nm-thick silicon device layer on top of a 396-nm-thick sacrificial oxide layer. Figure 1(a) shows a scanning electron micrograph of a completed family ...
Sep 25
... Low-loss combination of two beams of different frequency and polarization into one beam of the same polarization Often used for LO and signal beam coupling Use of polarization rotation by roof top mirror: • Input beam reflected by grid ...
... Low-loss combination of two beams of different frequency and polarization into one beam of the same polarization Often used for LO and signal beam coupling Use of polarization rotation by roof top mirror: • Input beam reflected by grid ...
Digital Fourier Microscopy for Soft Matter Dynamics
... its structure and dynamics similar to the one obtained in SLS and DLS experiments. The reader should be aware that the term microscopy is used here in a very broad sense because it includes many situations where, due to defocusing [35], speckles [17] or other effects the image of the sample does not ...
... its structure and dynamics similar to the one obtained in SLS and DLS experiments. The reader should be aware that the term microscopy is used here in a very broad sense because it includes many situations where, due to defocusing [35], speckles [17] or other effects the image of the sample does not ...
Ultrafast electronic dynamics in polyatomic molecules studied using
... and second harmonic beams. The relative polarization of two beams is parallel to each other. The pulse energies of the fundamental and the second harmonic are 0.43 and 0.37 mJ, respectively. When the ω and 2ω pulses overlap temporally and spatially, a bright filament (plasma column) with the length ...
... and second harmonic beams. The relative polarization of two beams is parallel to each other. The pulse energies of the fundamental and the second harmonic are 0.43 and 0.37 mJ, respectively. When the ω and 2ω pulses overlap temporally and spatially, a bright filament (plasma column) with the length ...
Scanning Electron Microscopy Primer - CharFac
... stopped by the objective aperture and thus a reduction in probe current occurs. Beam current increases to the 8/3 power as probe diameter increases. Adequate current is essential to produce images with the necessary contrast and signal to noise ratio. An electromagnetic lens [2] consists of a coil o ...
... stopped by the objective aperture and thus a reduction in probe current occurs. Beam current increases to the 8/3 power as probe diameter increases. Adequate current is essential to produce images with the necessary contrast and signal to noise ratio. An electromagnetic lens [2] consists of a coil o ...
Wave vector
... (MMI) in the mainstream market. These existing devices have high requirement for waveguide accuracy, aside from relatively large size. Based on this two-dimensional sampling structure, combined with Bragg grating re?ection principle, ...
... (MMI) in the mainstream market. These existing devices have high requirement for waveguide accuracy, aside from relatively large size. Based on this two-dimensional sampling structure, combined with Bragg grating re?ection principle, ...
Replication of Holograms with Corn Syrup by Rubbing
... with an output of 17 mW. The incident beam on the holographic material is linearly polarized. We ensure successful polarization by using a linear polarizer after alignment mirror 3 (M3) and mirror 4 (M4). Both A and B arms are linearly polarized and form an isosceles triangle between M1, M2 and the ...
... with an output of 17 mW. The incident beam on the holographic material is linearly polarized. We ensure successful polarization by using a linear polarizer after alignment mirror 3 (M3) and mirror 4 (M4). Both A and B arms are linearly polarized and form an isosceles triangle between M1, M2 and the ...
Wave optical simulations of x-ray nano
... results. As a natural and important prerequisite, I have started with simulations of total reflection mirrors, illuminated by point-sources (chapter 3). Seeking a comprehensive model to account for partial coherence and finite source-sizes, I came up with a stochastic model of ensemble averages, cf. ...
... results. As a natural and important prerequisite, I have started with simulations of total reflection mirrors, illuminated by point-sources (chapter 3). Seeking a comprehensive model to account for partial coherence and finite source-sizes, I came up with a stochastic model of ensemble averages, cf. ...
Generation of diffractive optical elements onto a photopolymer using a
... Photopolymer based recording materials have been widely studied for holographic applications[6] [7][8][9] Their good properties as high diffraction efficiencies, low noise, self-developing, easy preparation, high thickness, low cost, etc., make these holographic recording materials optimum candidate ...
... Photopolymer based recording materials have been widely studied for holographic applications[6] [7][8][9] Their good properties as high diffraction efficiencies, low noise, self-developing, easy preparation, high thickness, low cost, etc., make these holographic recording materials optimum candidate ...
paper
... In this Letter, we report an experimental study of the optical activity arising from Berry's phase in a single-mode fiber. To explore the topological nature of this effect, we compare the results from complex paths of nonuniform helices with those from simple uniform helices. %e find good agreement ...
... In this Letter, we report an experimental study of the optical activity arising from Berry's phase in a single-mode fiber. To explore the topological nature of this effect, we compare the results from complex paths of nonuniform helices with those from simple uniform helices. %e find good agreement ...
Phase-contrast X-ray imaging
Phase-contrast X-ray imaging (PCI) or phase-sensitive X-ray imaging is a general term for different technical methods that use information concerning changes in the phase of an X-ray beam that passes through an object in order to create its images. Standard X-ray imaging techniques like radiography or computed tomography (CT) rely on a decrease of the X-ray beam's intensity (attenuation) when traversing the sample, which can be measured directly with the assistance of an X-ray detector. In PCI however, the beam's phase shift caused by the sample is not measured directly, but is transformed into variations in intensity, which then can be recorded by the detector.In addition to producing projection images, PCI, like conventional transmission, can be combined with tomographic techniques to obtain the 3D distribution of the real part of the refractive index of the sample. When applied to samples that consist of atoms with low atomic number Z, PCI is more sensitive to density variations in the sample than conventional transmission-based X-ray imaging. This leads to images with improved soft tissue contrast.In the last several years, a variety of phase-contrast X-ray imaging techniques have been developed, all of which are based on the observation of interference patterns between diffracted and undiffracted waves. The most common techniques are crystal interferometry, propagation-based imaging, analyzer-based imaging, edge-illumination and grating-based imaging (see below).