WORD - ozeanklima.de
... Nations convened a review conference ‘Earth Summit Plus Five‘ in New York13, most felt there was little to celebrate on major commitments in 1992 as atmospheric warming and deforestation, while the ocean issue received little attention if any, although the situation of the marine environment got wor ...
... Nations convened a review conference ‘Earth Summit Plus Five‘ in New York13, most felt there was little to celebrate on major commitments in 1992 as atmospheric warming and deforestation, while the ocean issue received little attention if any, although the situation of the marine environment got wor ...
Ch. 16 Marine and Coastal Systems
... Regions of ocean differ greatly • Some zones support more life than others • Photic Zone: well-lighted top layer that supports high primary productivity (~ limnetic zone of a lake) • Pelagic Zone : habitats and ecosystems occurring between the ocean’s surface and floor ...
... Regions of ocean differ greatly • Some zones support more life than others • Photic Zone: well-lighted top layer that supports high primary productivity (~ limnetic zone of a lake) • Pelagic Zone : habitats and ecosystems occurring between the ocean’s surface and floor ...
Massive marine methane emissions from near
... higher than values characteristic of continental shelves (~30 μmol m−2 d−1) and three orders of magnitude higher than values characteristic of the open ocean (~0.4 μmol m−2 d−1). The high methane concentrations (up to 1,128 nmol L−1) that sustain these fluxes are related to the shallow and wellmixed ...
... higher than values characteristic of continental shelves (~30 μmol m−2 d−1) and three orders of magnitude higher than values characteristic of the open ocean (~0.4 μmol m−2 d−1). The high methane concentrations (up to 1,128 nmol L−1) that sustain these fluxes are related to the shallow and wellmixed ...
Tiago João Potencialidades da Incorporação de Correntes Cunha
... in fishing stocks and more recently with the reduction of the fishing fleet. One of the most important factors for this decrease, is related to the continuous difficulty to find fish with quality and quantity, allowing the sector work constantly all year long. However other factors are affecting neg ...
... in fishing stocks and more recently with the reduction of the fishing fleet. One of the most important factors for this decrease, is related to the continuous difficulty to find fish with quality and quantity, allowing the sector work constantly all year long. However other factors are affecting neg ...
Changes in optical characteristics of surface
... extending along the coast off Peru between 4◦ and about 40◦ south, is among the most productive marine ecosystems worldwide (Capone and Hutchins, 2013; Chavez and Messié, 2009; Rosenberg et al., 1983) and it is characterized by high biological activity, involving high export rates of organic carbon ...
... extending along the coast off Peru between 4◦ and about 40◦ south, is among the most productive marine ecosystems worldwide (Capone and Hutchins, 2013; Chavez and Messié, 2009; Rosenberg et al., 1983) and it is characterized by high biological activity, involving high export rates of organic carbon ...
Wilton Sturges III - FSU-EOAS
... Associate Editor, Journal of Geophysical Research, 1969-71 National Academy of Engineering; Member, Panel on Buoy Technology Assessment, 1972-74 Fourth GEOP (Geodesy/Solid-Earth and Ocean Physics) Research Conference; Chairman, Panel on Departures of Sea Surface from Geoid, August, 1973 American Geo ...
... Associate Editor, Journal of Geophysical Research, 1969-71 National Academy of Engineering; Member, Panel on Buoy Technology Assessment, 1972-74 Fourth GEOP (Geodesy/Solid-Earth and Ocean Physics) Research Conference; Chairman, Panel on Departures of Sea Surface from Geoid, August, 1973 American Geo ...
Spatial and temporal variability of surface water pCO2 and sampling
... the anticipated error in annual mean as a function of the number of measurements made in a year. For a calendar year of 1997, 104 measurements were made in the area yielding a mean pCO2 of 347.9 µatm with a one-sigma of 33 µatm. This curve represents simply this standard deviation (σ) value divided ...
... the anticipated error in annual mean as a function of the number of measurements made in a year. For a calendar year of 1997, 104 measurements were made in the area yielding a mean pCO2 of 347.9 µatm with a one-sigma of 33 µatm. This curve represents simply this standard deviation (σ) value divided ...
KIØRBOE, THOMAS, AND GEORGE A. JACKSON Marine snow
... where Tm is a time constant of the bacterial system (a memory term), t0 is the mean run time (tumbling interval) in the absence of concentration gradients, C is amino acid concentration, a is a system time constant (amplification factor), P b is the fraction of surface receptors bound by the substra ...
... where Tm is a time constant of the bacterial system (a memory term), t0 is the mean run time (tumbling interval) in the absence of concentration gradients, C is amino acid concentration, a is a system time constant (amplification factor), P b is the fraction of surface receptors bound by the substra ...
The geological cycle of plastics and their use as a stratigraphic
... degraded. A microplastic category recently recognized as important is plastic fibres (0.1 mm across and usually up to 2–3 mm long), detached from synthetic fabrics during washing. A single synthetic garment, for instance, can release over a thousand fibres in a single wash cycle (Fig. 4). Too small t ...
... degraded. A microplastic category recently recognized as important is plastic fibres (0.1 mm across and usually up to 2–3 mm long), detached from synthetic fabrics during washing. A single synthetic garment, for instance, can release over a thousand fibres in a single wash cycle (Fig. 4). Too small t ...
Untitled - International Seabed Authority
... combined with the understanding of the implications of the new discoveries. An important step towards realization of benefits in respect of marine minerals is the acquisition and dissemination of information. To this end, in a joint project with the International Seabed Authority, the United Nations ...
... combined with the understanding of the implications of the new discoveries. An important step towards realization of benefits in respect of marine minerals is the acquisition and dissemination of information. To this end, in a joint project with the International Seabed Authority, the United Nations ...
Physical Oceanographic Assessment of the Nautilus EIS for the
... that upwelling currents would quickly sweep the dissolved fraction up into surface waters. Despite these plots indicating worrying risks to local communities, they were presented without analysis – in fact, without comment. The Nautilus EIS shows much the same pattern. In fact, the same company (Cof ...
... that upwelling currents would quickly sweep the dissolved fraction up into surface waters. Despite these plots indicating worrying risks to local communities, they were presented without analysis – in fact, without comment. The Nautilus EIS shows much the same pattern. In fact, the same company (Cof ...
A ADAMS
... Support methods and instrument development for land- and mooring-based cell and toxin detection and bloom forecasting. [Further description provided.] Incorporate HAB monitoring into a U.S. Ocean Observing System. Support long-term water quality and HAB monitoring in coastal waters. Implement agricu ...
... Support methods and instrument development for land- and mooring-based cell and toxin detection and bloom forecasting. [Further description provided.] Incorporate HAB monitoring into a U.S. Ocean Observing System. Support long-term water quality and HAB monitoring in coastal waters. Implement agricu ...
Odor tracking in sharks is reduced under future ocean acidification conditions
... Anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) have driven atmospheric CO2 concentrations to their highest level (>395 ppm; Dlugokencky & Tans, 2013) in the past 800 000 years (L€ uthi et al., 2008), a level that would be much higher if not for the absorption capacity of the oceans, which sink appr ...
... Anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) have driven atmospheric CO2 concentrations to their highest level (>395 ppm; Dlugokencky & Tans, 2013) in the past 800 000 years (L€ uthi et al., 2008), a level that would be much higher if not for the absorption capacity of the oceans, which sink appr ...
Presentation Notes
... shearwaters (larger birds with long pointed wings), diving alcid seabirds (smaller seabirds, some sitting on the water), and humpback whales feeding in Bering Sea waters where prey fish are often found in great densities. Slide 7. Brown Booby incubating eggs. All seabirds return to land to breed, ex ...
... shearwaters (larger birds with long pointed wings), diving alcid seabirds (smaller seabirds, some sitting on the water), and humpback whales feeding in Bering Sea waters where prey fish are often found in great densities. Slide 7. Brown Booby incubating eggs. All seabirds return to land to breed, ex ...
long-term seafloor electromagnetic observation in the northwest
... continents occupy only 30% of the Earth’s surface. Disciplines in solid Earth geophysics such as seismology strongly require an “ocean-locked” view of the Earth as well as the “land-locked” view in order to know the true internal structures of our planet. Some disciplines such as geodesy or geomagne ...
... continents occupy only 30% of the Earth’s surface. Disciplines in solid Earth geophysics such as seismology strongly require an “ocean-locked” view of the Earth as well as the “land-locked” view in order to know the true internal structures of our planet. Some disciplines such as geodesy or geomagne ...
The impact of global freshwater forcing on the thermohaline circulation
... changes results from a delicate balance between these opposing mechanisms. In this study we evaluate these two effects using the IPSL-CM4 ocean-atmospheresea-ice coupled model (used for IPCC AR4). Perturbation experiments have been integrated for 100 years under modern insolation and trace gases. Ri ...
... changes results from a delicate balance between these opposing mechanisms. In this study we evaluate these two effects using the IPSL-CM4 ocean-atmospheresea-ice coupled model (used for IPCC AR4). Perturbation experiments have been integrated for 100 years under modern insolation and trace gases. Ri ...
The Marine Debris Research, Prevention and Reduction Act: A
... Applying the scientific approach towards an understanding of the causes, effects, and cures of marine debris presents a challenging set of variables. The amount and type of debris in the ocean is difficult to measure, and the specific origin of debris and routes by which it travels while at sea are ...
... Applying the scientific approach towards an understanding of the causes, effects, and cures of marine debris presents a challenging set of variables. The amount and type of debris in the ocean is difficult to measure, and the specific origin of debris and routes by which it travels while at sea are ...
uncorrected proof - Integrated Marine Observing System
... Historically, data from the CPR survey have not been easily available to the research community. At the end of the 20th century, however, there was a significant change in the philosophy of data accessibility at SAHFOS (Stevens et al., in press). CPR data are now freely available through a licence ag ...
... Historically, data from the CPR survey have not been easily available to the research community. At the end of the 20th century, however, there was a significant change in the philosophy of data accessibility at SAHFOS (Stevens et al., in press). CPR data are now freely available through a licence ag ...
Annual Report 2014 - 2015 - Scripps Institution of Oceanography
... five years, CIMEC has served NOAA and the Nation through observing and research by scientists at its constituent academic institutions. CIMEC’s reach extends from the atmosphere to the deep ocean. CIMEC’s products are used for near-term forecasts of the ocean and atmosphere and for the assessment an ...
... five years, CIMEC has served NOAA and the Nation through observing and research by scientists at its constituent academic institutions. CIMEC’s reach extends from the atmosphere to the deep ocean. CIMEC’s products are used for near-term forecasts of the ocean and atmosphere and for the assessment an ...
Marine Biodiversity: A Science Roadmap for Europe
... ocean drilling, we are increasingly accessing remote environments such as coldwater coral reefs, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, submarine canyons and the biosphere deep within Earth’s crust. Such exploration has shown us that marine organisms live to an extreme water depth of up to 11km, and in ocean sedim ...
... ocean drilling, we are increasingly accessing remote environments such as coldwater coral reefs, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, submarine canyons and the biosphere deep within Earth’s crust. Such exploration has shown us that marine organisms live to an extreme water depth of up to 11km, and in ocean sedim ...
the monaco ocean acidification action plan
... condition and interactions with other factors – providing better understanding and hence improving our forecasting skill for ‘real world’ conditions. The increase in ocean acidification publications (and the number of researchers involved) has been particularly dramatic since 2008, following the Sec ...
... condition and interactions with other factors – providing better understanding and hence improving our forecasting skill for ‘real world’ conditions. The increase in ocean acidification publications (and the number of researchers involved) has been particularly dramatic since 2008, following the Sec ...
THE MONACO OCEAN ACIDIFICATION ACTION PLAN
... condition and interactions with other factors – providing better understanding and hence improving our forecasting skill for ‘real world’ conditions. The increase in ocean acidification publications (and the number of researchers involved) has been particularly dramatic since 2008, following the Sec ...
... condition and interactions with other factors – providing better understanding and hence improving our forecasting skill for ‘real world’ conditions. The increase in ocean acidification publications (and the number of researchers involved) has been particularly dramatic since 2008, following the Sec ...
Diversity of cultivated and metabolically active
... Abstract. Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic (AAP) bacteria play significant roles in the bacterioplankton productivity and biogeochemical cycles of the surface ocean. In this study, we applied both cultivation and mRNA-based molecular methods to explore the diversity of AAP bacteria along an oligotrop ...
... Abstract. Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic (AAP) bacteria play significant roles in the bacterioplankton productivity and biogeochemical cycles of the surface ocean. In this study, we applied both cultivation and mRNA-based molecular methods to explore the diversity of AAP bacteria along an oligotrop ...
Effects of Chemical and Mechanical Weathering Processes on the
... 2005). Moore (2008) found a UNEP (2001) report grossly underestimated the amount of plastic debris entering the environment at 8 million pieces per day. AMRF data suggest that this accounts for only 1% of all plastic pieces travelling out to sea in a single day in the Los Angeles area. ...
... 2005). Moore (2008) found a UNEP (2001) report grossly underestimated the amount of plastic debris entering the environment at 8 million pieces per day. AMRF data suggest that this accounts for only 1% of all plastic pieces travelling out to sea in a single day in the Los Angeles area. ...
Ocean Challenge Vol. 6 No.1 1995
... fluctuations. These concepts now underpin so much of the theory that we now take for granted when thinking about the role of the North Atlantic in regulating the climate of North-western Europe, and the way in which our exploitation of resources, particularly living resources, must be tuned to these ...
... fluctuations. These concepts now underpin so much of the theory that we now take for granted when thinking about the role of the North Atlantic in regulating the climate of North-western Europe, and the way in which our exploitation of resources, particularly living resources, must be tuned to these ...
Ecosystem of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
The North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG) is the largest contiguous ecosystem on earth. In oceanography, a subtropical gyre is a ring-like system of ocean currents rotating clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere caused by the Coriolis Effect. They generally form in large open ocean areas that lie between land masses.The NPSG is the largest of the gyres as well as the largest ecosystem on our planet. Like other subtropical gyres, it has a high-pressure zone in its center. Circulation around the center is clockwise around this high-pressure zone. Subtropical gyres make up 40% of the Earth’s surface and play critical roles in carbon fixation and nutrient cycling. This particular gyre covers most of the Pacific Ocean and comprises four prevailing ocean currents: the North Pacific Current to the north, the California Current to the east, the North Equatorial Current to the south, and the Kuroshio Current to the west. Its large size and distance from shore has caused the NPSG to be poorly sampled and thus poorly understood.The life processes in open-ocean ecosystems are a sink for the atmosphere’s increasing CO2. Gyres make up a large proportion, approximately 75%, of what we refer to as the open ocean, or the area of the ocean that does not consist of coastal areas. They are considered oligotrophic, or nutrient poor because they are far from terrestrial runoff. These regions were once thought to be homogenous and static habitats. However, there is increasing evidence that the NPSG exhibits substantial physical, chemical, and biological variability on a variety of time scales. Specifically, the NPSG exhibits seasonal and interannual variations in primary productivity (simply defined as the production of new plant material), which is important for the uptake of CO2.The NPSG is not only a sink for CO2 in the atmosphere, but also other pollutants. As a direct result of this circular pattern, gyres act like giant whirlpools and become traps for anthropogenic pollutants, such as marine debris. The NPSG has become recognized for the large quantity of plastic debris floating just below the surface in the center of the gyre. This area has recently received a lot of media attention and is commonly referred to as the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.