Relationships between North Atlantic salmon, plankton, and
... temperature in 2005. When averaged for the northern hemisphere, which has a much larger land area, the temperature has shown an even greater increase. Beaugrand and Reid (2003) attributed a major part of the decline in salmon abundance to changes in the carrying capacity of North Atlantic ecosystems ...
... temperature in 2005. When averaged for the northern hemisphere, which has a much larger land area, the temperature has shown an even greater increase. Beaugrand and Reid (2003) attributed a major part of the decline in salmon abundance to changes in the carrying capacity of North Atlantic ecosystems ...
Global distribution and climate forcing of marine organic aerosol: 1
... largest source of uncertainty for climate projections (IPCC, 2007). To characterize the effects of anthropogenic aerosol, the impact of all aerosols (anthropogenic and natural) on the earth system, and the role of “aerosols before pollution” (Andreae, 2007) must be understood. One of the largest unc ...
... largest source of uncertainty for climate projections (IPCC, 2007). To characterize the effects of anthropogenic aerosol, the impact of all aerosols (anthropogenic and natural) on the earth system, and the role of “aerosols before pollution” (Andreae, 2007) must be understood. One of the largest unc ...
SECOND INTERNATIONAL INDIAN OCEAN EXPEDITION (IIOE-2)
... understanding of geologic, oceanic and atmospheric processes in the Indian Ocean is still rudimentary in many respects. This is largely because the Indian Ocean remains under-sampled in both space and time, especially compared to the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. The situation is compounded by the In ...
... understanding of geologic, oceanic and atmospheric processes in the Indian Ocean is still rudimentary in many respects. This is largely because the Indian Ocean remains under-sampled in both space and time, especially compared to the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. The situation is compounded by the In ...
Oxygen Sensitivity of Anammox and Coupled N
... In the course of global climate change and increasing anthropogenic pressures on the marine environment, coastal and open ocean OMZs have been expanding and intensifying in the last decades [12,13]. A continuing decline in dissolved O2 due to reduced O2 solubility and enhanced stratification [14], a ...
... In the course of global climate change and increasing anthropogenic pressures on the marine environment, coastal and open ocean OMZs have been expanding and intensifying in the last decades [12,13]. A continuing decline in dissolved O2 due to reduced O2 solubility and enhanced stratification [14], a ...
UNH M OS Res 2013
... provide a time series ‒ measurements of sufficient length, consistency, and continuity to determine climate variability and change ‒ the UNH researchers have now shown that the Gulf of Maine is neither a clear sink nor source of carbon dioxide but, rather, a sort of recycling center for the greenhou ...
... provide a time series ‒ measurements of sufficient length, consistency, and continuity to determine climate variability and change ‒ the UNH researchers have now shown that the Gulf of Maine is neither a clear sink nor source of carbon dioxide but, rather, a sort of recycling center for the greenhou ...
(GOODS): biogeographic classification - unesdoc
... areas have more subdued environmental gradients. These are defined and delineated at the meso-scale. Bioregionalisation — A regionalisation that includes biological as well as physical data in analyses to define regions for administrative purposes. Classifying large areas by their defined environmental ...
... areas have more subdued environmental gradients. These are defined and delineated at the meso-scale. Bioregionalisation — A regionalisation that includes biological as well as physical data in analyses to define regions for administrative purposes. Classifying large areas by their defined environmental ...
Oxygen and organic carbon fluxes in sediments of the
... POC concentrations, POC mineralization rates calculated from O2 consumption and POC burial rates. Benthic O2 distributions were determined in 58 fine-grained sediment cores collected at different periods at 14 stations in the southeastern part of the Bay of Biscay with depths ranging from 140 to 2800 ...
... POC concentrations, POC mineralization rates calculated from O2 consumption and POC burial rates. Benthic O2 distributions were determined in 58 fine-grained sediment cores collected at different periods at 14 stations in the southeastern part of the Bay of Biscay with depths ranging from 140 to 2800 ...
Cover - IMBER
... Session B1: The dark ocean: recent progress in understanding the functioning of the ocean’s largest subsystem ........................................................................................... 234 Session B2: Microbia ...
... Session B1: The dark ocean: recent progress in understanding the functioning of the ocean’s largest subsystem ........................................................................................... 234 Session B2: Microbia ...
Iodine Isotopes and their Species in Surface Water from the
... environment (i.e. atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere). Due to its biophilic nature, iodine is easily taken up by organisms and therefore tends to be enriched in organic matters (Vinogradov, 1953). Iodine is found in high concentrations in marine seaweed and in some brown algae, the c ...
... environment (i.e. atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere). Due to its biophilic nature, iodine is easily taken up by organisms and therefore tends to be enriched in organic matters (Vinogradov, 1953). Iodine is found in high concentrations in marine seaweed and in some brown algae, the c ...
Book of Abstracts
... Derycke Pascal and Nicolas Hoepffner - An introduction to EMIS Marine Analyst to assist in the management of European seas .................................................................................................................................................. 53 McMeel Oonagh, Belén Martín ...
... Derycke Pascal and Nicolas Hoepffner - An introduction to EMIS Marine Analyst to assist in the management of European seas .................................................................................................................................................. 53 McMeel Oonagh, Belén Martín ...
Navigating the Future - III
... climate studies to biodiversity, marine research is intrinsically an international activity with opportunities for countries from throughout Europe to cooperate, addressing environmental problems of pan-European relevance and significance. Complementary research should be coordinated to achieve opti ...
... climate studies to biodiversity, marine research is intrinsically an international activity with opportunities for countries from throughout Europe to cooperate, addressing environmental problems of pan-European relevance and significance. Complementary research should be coordinated to achieve opti ...
Biogeosciences Coastal hypoxia and sediment biogeochemistry
... processes (Fig. 3). Bottom-water oxygen levels have a direct influence on rates of sediment oxygen consumption, aerobic respiration and re-oxidation reactions because oxygen gradients across the sediment-water interface are smaller at low oxygen concentrations (Fig. 4a). This dependence of sediment ...
... processes (Fig. 3). Bottom-water oxygen levels have a direct influence on rates of sediment oxygen consumption, aerobic respiration and re-oxidation reactions because oxygen gradients across the sediment-water interface are smaller at low oxygen concentrations (Fig. 4a). This dependence of sediment ...
Oceanography 1 Workbook Instructor: Katryn Wiese - FOG
... including ocean circulation, terrestrial weather patterns and climate change. E. Evaluate the relative contributions of coastal processes, such as swell, tides, and currents, to explain origins and consequences of coastal landforms and processes. F. Evaluate society's impacts on the ocean and the im ...
... including ocean circulation, terrestrial weather patterns and climate change. E. Evaluate the relative contributions of coastal processes, such as swell, tides, and currents, to explain origins and consequences of coastal landforms and processes. F. Evaluate society's impacts on the ocean and the im ...
Marine ecology: Attack of the blobs
... jellyfish numbers, but more than a decade ago he was sounding the alarm. In 1996, he took a position at the Dauphin Island Sea Lab, where he found that the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration had years of mostly unprocessed population data on moon jellyfish (Aurelia aurita) and Atlant ...
... jellyfish numbers, but more than a decade ago he was sounding the alarm. In 1996, he took a position at the Dauphin Island Sea Lab, where he found that the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration had years of mostly unprocessed population data on moon jellyfish (Aurelia aurita) and Atlant ...
Eng - UNESDOC
... International Group for Marine Ecological Time Series (IGMETS) completed its draft report and developed terms of reference for possible work continuation. A workshop organized by the IOC (16-18 November 2015) was used to fill the gaps and improve the analysis presented in the report. While the final ...
... International Group for Marine Ecological Time Series (IGMETS) completed its draft report and developed terms of reference for possible work continuation. A workshop organized by the IOC (16-18 November 2015) was used to fill the gaps and improve the analysis presented in the report. While the final ...
Resource Booklet
... There are many reports and articles produced by scientific bodies, governmental agencies, the United Nations which will be referred to throughout the course. Use these openly available resources which have a wealth of scientifically sound information on our ocean and browse through some of these lis ...
... There are many reports and articles produced by scientific bodies, governmental agencies, the United Nations which will be referred to throughout the course. Use these openly available resources which have a wealth of scientifically sound information on our ocean and browse through some of these lis ...
Australia`s OceanS policy - Secretariat of the Pacific Community
... unique to Australian waters. In the southern temperate waters as many as 80 per cent of species are endemic (not found elsewhere). In the north, which is connected by currents to the Indian and Pacific Oceans, overall diversity is higher, although the proportion of endemic species is lower at around ...
... unique to Australian waters. In the southern temperate waters as many as 80 per cent of species are endemic (not found elsewhere). In the north, which is connected by currents to the Indian and Pacific Oceans, overall diversity is higher, although the proportion of endemic species is lower at around ...
Planning for Representative Marine Protected Areas - WWF
... between habitat types can be defined, even where we lack detailed biological data. • This classification recognizes and classifies the two major marine environments (the pelagic realm and the benthic realm), which have fundamentally different communities and are driven by different ecological proces ...
... between habitat types can be defined, even where we lack detailed biological data. • This classification recognizes and classifies the two major marine environments (the pelagic realm and the benthic realm), which have fundamentally different communities and are driven by different ecological proces ...
Environmental Management of Deep
... Both vent and seep ecosystems are fueled primarily by microbial primary production through a process known as chemosynthesis. Instead of using energy from sunlight to fix inorganic carbon into organic carbon (photosynthesis), microbes in vent and seep ecosystems use chemical energy from the oxidatio ...
... Both vent and seep ecosystems are fueled primarily by microbial primary production through a process known as chemosynthesis. Instead of using energy from sunlight to fix inorganic carbon into organic carbon (photosynthesis), microbes in vent and seep ecosystems use chemical energy from the oxidatio ...
Fishing for Protection at Cashes Ledge
... concern that the MSA was unable to protect fish habitats.14 It was believed that the MSA was supporting fishing practices that were actually defeating any conservation efforts of the MSA.15 Fish stocks, including Cod, were at all-time lows in the 1990s prompting change in areas like overfishing and ...
... concern that the MSA was unable to protect fish habitats.14 It was believed that the MSA was supporting fishing practices that were actually defeating any conservation efforts of the MSA.15 Fish stocks, including Cod, were at all-time lows in the 1990s prompting change in areas like overfishing and ...
Progress in Oceanography - The Marine Biological Association
... Historically, data from the CPR survey have not been easily available to the research community. At the end of the 20th century, however, there was a significant change in the philosophy of data accessibility at SAHFOS (Stevens et al., in press). CPR data are now freely available through a licence ag ...
... Historically, data from the CPR survey have not been easily available to the research community. At the end of the 20th century, however, there was a significant change in the philosophy of data accessibility at SAHFOS (Stevens et al., in press). CPR data are now freely available through a licence ag ...
Early ice retreat and ocean warming may induce copepod
... and Hirche, 2009; Hopcroft et al., 2010; Darnis and Fortier, 2014] and are high-quality food for the commercial fish species such as pollock, cod, capelin, and herring [Hunt et al., 2002; Wassmann et al., 2006b]. The endemic calanoid C. glacialis is the most important species of this genus in the Arc ...
... and Hirche, 2009; Hopcroft et al., 2010; Darnis and Fortier, 2014] and are high-quality food for the commercial fish species such as pollock, cod, capelin, and herring [Hunt et al., 2002; Wassmann et al., 2006b]. The endemic calanoid C. glacialis is the most important species of this genus in the Arc ...
Historical records of coastal eutrophication
... tal oscillations leave their imprint in sediment cores. A central issue when considering sediment records of coastal hypoxia is the close relationship between hypoxia (the degree of oxygenation) and eutrophication (which leads to an enhanced organic input to the seafloor). These two parameters are u ...
... tal oscillations leave their imprint in sediment cores. A central issue when considering sediment records of coastal hypoxia is the close relationship between hypoxia (the degree of oxygenation) and eutrophication (which leads to an enhanced organic input to the seafloor). These two parameters are u ...
Phosphorus Cycling in the Sargasso Sea: Investigation Using the
... as measured by enzyme-labeling fluorescence are also used. In surface waters, d18OPO4 values were lower than equilibrium by 3–6%, indicative of dissolved organic phosphorous (DOP) remineralization by extracellular enzymes. An isotope mass balance model using a variety of possible combinations of enzy ...
... as measured by enzyme-labeling fluorescence are also used. In surface waters, d18OPO4 values were lower than equilibrium by 3–6%, indicative of dissolved organic phosphorous (DOP) remineralization by extracellular enzymes. An isotope mass balance model using a variety of possible combinations of enzy ...
Large Marine Ecosystems
... to their management, and the need for better prioritization of interventions, the Global Environment Facility (GEF) embarked on the Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme (TWAP) from 2009 to 2015. TWAP objectives were to undertake global assessments of the five transboundary water systems to assi ...
... to their management, and the need for better prioritization of interventions, the Global Environment Facility (GEF) embarked on the Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme (TWAP) from 2009 to 2015. TWAP objectives were to undertake global assessments of the five transboundary water systems to assi ...
Ecosystem of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
The North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG) is the largest contiguous ecosystem on earth. In oceanography, a subtropical gyre is a ring-like system of ocean currents rotating clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere caused by the Coriolis Effect. They generally form in large open ocean areas that lie between land masses.The NPSG is the largest of the gyres as well as the largest ecosystem on our planet. Like other subtropical gyres, it has a high-pressure zone in its center. Circulation around the center is clockwise around this high-pressure zone. Subtropical gyres make up 40% of the Earth’s surface and play critical roles in carbon fixation and nutrient cycling. This particular gyre covers most of the Pacific Ocean and comprises four prevailing ocean currents: the North Pacific Current to the north, the California Current to the east, the North Equatorial Current to the south, and the Kuroshio Current to the west. Its large size and distance from shore has caused the NPSG to be poorly sampled and thus poorly understood.The life processes in open-ocean ecosystems are a sink for the atmosphere’s increasing CO2. Gyres make up a large proportion, approximately 75%, of what we refer to as the open ocean, or the area of the ocean that does not consist of coastal areas. They are considered oligotrophic, or nutrient poor because they are far from terrestrial runoff. These regions were once thought to be homogenous and static habitats. However, there is increasing evidence that the NPSG exhibits substantial physical, chemical, and biological variability on a variety of time scales. Specifically, the NPSG exhibits seasonal and interannual variations in primary productivity (simply defined as the production of new plant material), which is important for the uptake of CO2.The NPSG is not only a sink for CO2 in the atmosphere, but also other pollutants. As a direct result of this circular pattern, gyres act like giant whirlpools and become traps for anthropogenic pollutants, such as marine debris. The NPSG has become recognized for the large quantity of plastic debris floating just below the surface in the center of the gyre. This area has recently received a lot of media attention and is commonly referred to as the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.