Indian Ocean Rising: Maritime Security and Policy Challenges
... linking producers and consumers across the Middle East, Africa, and Asia, and globalized supply chains and distribution networks are knitting the region ever more closely together by sea. At the same time, emerging problems ranging from piracy and territorial disputes in the regional seas to global ...
... linking producers and consumers across the Middle East, Africa, and Asia, and globalized supply chains and distribution networks are knitting the region ever more closely together by sea. At the same time, emerging problems ranging from piracy and territorial disputes in the regional seas to global ...
STATE WATER RESOURCES CONTROL BOARD DIVISION OF WATER QUALITY P.O. BOX 100
... September, the coast catches the eastern edge of the gyre, and prevailing winds are from the northwest. In Monterey, prevailing winds are from the north or northwest over 58% of the time in the spring and summer. The strongest northwest winds usually occur in March and April. During the winter, the ...
... September, the coast catches the eastern edge of the gyre, and prevailing winds are from the northwest. In Monterey, prevailing winds are from the north or northwest over 58% of the time in the spring and summer. The strongest northwest winds usually occur in March and April. During the winter, the ...
marine biological considerations related to the reverse osmosis
... within the SCB and in areas such as offshore from the EPS. While ocean temperature, current patterns, and upwelling affect nutrient and food supplies and the arrival of planktonic animals to coastal areas, biological variables such as recruitment and habitat availability determine ecosystem-species ...
... within the SCB and in areas such as offshore from the EPS. While ocean temperature, current patterns, and upwelling affect nutrient and food supplies and the arrival of planktonic animals to coastal areas, biological variables such as recruitment and habitat availability determine ecosystem-species ...
1. Introduction - Scholars at Harvard
... more arbitrary manner, much like the line drawn between the Spanish and Portuguese empires in the treaty of Tordesillas (1494) more than five centuries ago. The Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn define the characters of land, sea and people; in bio-geographical terms, even Wallace’s Line, running thro ...
... more arbitrary manner, much like the line drawn between the Spanish and Portuguese empires in the treaty of Tordesillas (1494) more than five centuries ago. The Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn define the characters of land, sea and people; in bio-geographical terms, even Wallace’s Line, running thro ...
Isotope Composition of Organic Matter in Seawater
... Marine organic matter in seawater is one of the most active carbon reservoirs on the earth surface and plays an important role in earth’s climate system. Marine organic matter is also a key component in the exchange among the biosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere (Hedges, 1992). Therefore, knowledge ...
... Marine organic matter in seawater is one of the most active carbon reservoirs on the earth surface and plays an important role in earth’s climate system. Marine organic matter is also a key component in the exchange among the biosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere (Hedges, 1992). Therefore, knowledge ...
Marine litter within the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive
... for 663 species (CBD 2012). Over half of the reported species (about 370) were associated with entanglement in and ingestion of marine debris, representing an increase of more than 40% since the last review in 1997, when 247 species were reported as being affected by the above two impact categories ...
... for 663 species (CBD 2012). Over half of the reported species (about 370) were associated with entanglement in and ingestion of marine debris, representing an increase of more than 40% since the last review in 1997, when 247 species were reported as being affected by the above two impact categories ...
Background paper for the threat abatement plan for the impacts of
... This background paper provides context to the Threat abatement plan for the impacts of marine debris on vertebrate marine life (Commonwealth of Australia, 2008). The threat abatement plan (TAP) provides a coordinated national approach to the implementation of measures to prevent and mitigate the imp ...
... This background paper provides context to the Threat abatement plan for the impacts of marine debris on vertebrate marine life (Commonwealth of Australia, 2008). The threat abatement plan (TAP) provides a coordinated national approach to the implementation of measures to prevent and mitigate the imp ...
Plastic Debris in the World`s Oceans
... This debris can cause death by drowning, suffocation, strangulation, starvation through reduced feeding efficiency, and injuries. Particularly affected are seals and sea lions, probably due to their very inquisitive nature of investigating objects in their environment. Entanglement rates in these an ...
... This debris can cause death by drowning, suffocation, strangulation, starvation through reduced feeding efficiency, and injuries. Particularly affected are seals and sea lions, probably due to their very inquisitive nature of investigating objects in their environment. Entanglement rates in these an ...
Determining Thorpe Scales from Ship
... resulting in density profiles with higher random and systematic noise levels than T profiles. Nevertheless, if we seek a uniform global application, oceanic Thorpe scales must be calculated by sorting density rather than temperature. Although the underlying idea is straightforward, the accuracy of T ...
... resulting in density profiles with higher random and systematic noise levels than T profiles. Nevertheless, if we seek a uniform global application, oceanic Thorpe scales must be calculated by sorting density rather than temperature. Although the underlying idea is straightforward, the accuracy of T ...
Plastic Debris in the World`s Oceans
... This debris can cause death by drowning, suffocation, strangulation, starvation through reduced feeding efficiency, and injuries. Particularly affected are seals and sea lions, probably due to their very inquisitive nature of investigating objects in their environment. Entanglement rates in these an ...
... This debris can cause death by drowning, suffocation, strangulation, starvation through reduced feeding efficiency, and injuries. Particularly affected are seals and sea lions, probably due to their very inquisitive nature of investigating objects in their environment. Entanglement rates in these an ...
Ecosystem-Based Management in Multilateral Environmental
... Resources (CCAMLR) and the 1982 Law of the Sea Convention, development accelerated in the 1990s, and in particular the 1992 Rio Declaration and Agenda 21, the FAO Code of Conduct and the 1995 UN Fish Stocks Agreement were important cornerstones in the development of the approach. This decade, the in ...
... Resources (CCAMLR) and the 1982 Law of the Sea Convention, development accelerated in the 1990s, and in particular the 1992 Rio Declaration and Agenda 21, the FAO Code of Conduct and the 1995 UN Fish Stocks Agreement were important cornerstones in the development of the approach. This decade, the in ...
Seasonal shelf-sea front mapping using satellite ocean colour and
... As in the previous study of thermal front distribution (Miller et al., 2010) it was important to capture the spatio-temporal variability of the shelf-sea. Therefore the next stage of analysis was to aggregate the 8-day composite front maps into seasonal front climatologies to identify strong, persis ...
... As in the previous study of thermal front distribution (Miller et al., 2010) it was important to capture the spatio-temporal variability of the shelf-sea. Therefore the next stage of analysis was to aggregate the 8-day composite front maps into seasonal front climatologies to identify strong, persis ...
UK SeaMap 2010
... biology), or through predictions using abiotic variables and biological data. Survey methods and technologies have improved dramatically since the 1990s, with advances such as multibeam echo sounding and side-scan sonar, when combined with high-definition video or still photos able to provide highly ...
... biology), or through predictions using abiotic variables and biological data. Survey methods and technologies have improved dramatically since the 1990s, with advances such as multibeam echo sounding and side-scan sonar, when combined with high-definition video or still photos able to provide highly ...
Paleoceanographic applications of trace
... and just 3–5% in the Black Sea (Fig. 2A). In marine systems with higher [Mo]aq concentrations, sediment Mo/TOC ratios are also higher: ~45 in Saanich Inlet, ~25 in Cariaco Basin, ~9 in Framvaren Fjord, and ~4.5 in the Black Sea (Fig. 2B; n.b., all Mo/TOC ratios given in this study represent ppm/% an ...
... and just 3–5% in the Black Sea (Fig. 2A). In marine systems with higher [Mo]aq concentrations, sediment Mo/TOC ratios are also higher: ~45 in Saanich Inlet, ~25 in Cariaco Basin, ~9 in Framvaren Fjord, and ~4.5 in the Black Sea (Fig. 2B; n.b., all Mo/TOC ratios given in this study represent ppm/% an ...
The role of local atmospheric forcing on the
... A number of studies have examined the mixed layer dynamics and demonstrated the variation ...
... A number of studies have examined the mixed layer dynamics and demonstrated the variation ...
Marine Science and Limnology (MSL)
... and transfer including topics essential to a basic understanding of contemporary biological oceanography. Primary and secondary production, standing stocks, distribution, and structure and dynamics of phytoplankton and zooplankton populations. The transfer of organic matter to higher trophic levels ...
... and transfer including topics essential to a basic understanding of contemporary biological oceanography. Primary and secondary production, standing stocks, distribution, and structure and dynamics of phytoplankton and zooplankton populations. The transfer of organic matter to higher trophic levels ...
Lipids and life strategy of Arctic Calanus
... Sea Gyre, Baffin Sea and the central Arctic Ocean (Figures 3 and 4; Vinogradov 1997). The first overwintering stage is stage III, and they subsequently then develop into stage IV copepodites during their second summer, with a body mass of approximately 2 mg and a lipid content of more than 50% of th ...
... Sea Gyre, Baffin Sea and the central Arctic Ocean (Figures 3 and 4; Vinogradov 1997). The first overwintering stage is stage III, and they subsequently then develop into stage IV copepodites during their second summer, with a body mass of approximately 2 mg and a lipid content of more than 50% of th ...
Trash and Marine Debris - FTP Directory Listing
... The study could not conclusively link marine debris to land-based sources, as sampling took place at a discrete point in time, but multiple lines of evidence indicate that land-based trash is a major contributor to debris in the Bight and that marine habitats serve as a sink for plastic accumulatio ...
... The study could not conclusively link marine debris to land-based sources, as sampling took place at a discrete point in time, but multiple lines of evidence indicate that land-based trash is a major contributor to debris in the Bight and that marine habitats serve as a sink for plastic accumulatio ...
Modeling of methane flows in the atmosphere resulting from seabed
... 2. The model and experimental details To quantitatively estimate the scale of a possible gas emission into the atmosphere from the seabed sources due to the submarine gas venting, a 3D quasi-geostrophic model of the world ocean dynamics [16] was used, supplemented with a model of dissolved methane t ...
... 2. The model and experimental details To quantitatively estimate the scale of a possible gas emission into the atmosphere from the seabed sources due to the submarine gas venting, a 3D quasi-geostrophic model of the world ocean dynamics [16] was used, supplemented with a model of dissolved methane t ...
Initial Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) Commitments
... calibration for the remote sensing of ocean colour by satellites. Operational biological monitoring has already begun through the Finnish Algaline program in the Baltic, and the Continuous Plankton Recorder Survey in the North Sea and open Atlantic. Several countries are considering instrumenting mo ...
... calibration for the remote sensing of ocean colour by satellites. Operational biological monitoring has already begun through the Finnish Algaline program in the Baltic, and the Continuous Plankton Recorder Survey in the North Sea and open Atlantic. Several countries are considering instrumenting mo ...
"Marine Biology Honors" as a life science requisite
... Understands how the earth’s water is processed through the water cycle and the role of the water cycle in geological and meteorological processes. Understands water as a solvent, its role in earth’s processes (e.g., freezing point/density of salt vs. fresh water, dependency of life on dissolved oxyg ...
... Understands how the earth’s water is processed through the water cycle and the role of the water cycle in geological and meteorological processes. Understands water as a solvent, its role in earth’s processes (e.g., freezing point/density of salt vs. fresh water, dependency of life on dissolved oxyg ...
thesis. - Munin
... Water), the Southeast (Coastal), and the Northeast (Arctic). The main axis of spatial food-web variation (i.e. connectance and modularity) is associated with gradients in seawater temperature and sea ice coverage. The food webs within the Barents Sea with the most distinct food-web properties are th ...
... Water), the Southeast (Coastal), and the Northeast (Arctic). The main axis of spatial food-web variation (i.e. connectance and modularity) is associated with gradients in seawater temperature and sea ice coverage. The food webs within the Barents Sea with the most distinct food-web properties are th ...
Metal Stable Isotopes in Paleoceanography
... Mann et al. 2002, Sunda & Huntsman 1996). For these reasons, there is a need for new techniques to provide insights into the biogeochemical cycles of this class of elements and how these cycles may have been different in the past. The second major reason that paleoceanographers are drawn to transiti ...
... Mann et al. 2002, Sunda & Huntsman 1996). For these reasons, there is a need for new techniques to provide insights into the biogeochemical cycles of this class of elements and how these cycles may have been different in the past. The second major reason that paleoceanographers are drawn to transiti ...
Review - International Maritime Organization
... feeders, detritivores and planktivores. Particle capture and ingestion may be based on size selectivity. ...
... feeders, detritivores and planktivores. Particle capture and ingestion may be based on size selectivity. ...
Thesis proposal
... provides new nitrogen with a 15N of around -1 to 0‰, as measured in cellular N of Nfixer colonies collected at sea (Carpenter et al. 1997). By comparison, the 15N of dissolved N2 is around 0.6‰ relative to atmospheric N2. Laboratory cultures of N-fixers (Table 2) corroborate the apparent lack of N ...
... provides new nitrogen with a 15N of around -1 to 0‰, as measured in cellular N of Nfixer colonies collected at sea (Carpenter et al. 1997). By comparison, the 15N of dissolved N2 is around 0.6‰ relative to atmospheric N2. Laboratory cultures of N-fixers (Table 2) corroborate the apparent lack of N ...
Ecosystem of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
The North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG) is the largest contiguous ecosystem on earth. In oceanography, a subtropical gyre is a ring-like system of ocean currents rotating clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere caused by the Coriolis Effect. They generally form in large open ocean areas that lie between land masses.The NPSG is the largest of the gyres as well as the largest ecosystem on our planet. Like other subtropical gyres, it has a high-pressure zone in its center. Circulation around the center is clockwise around this high-pressure zone. Subtropical gyres make up 40% of the Earth’s surface and play critical roles in carbon fixation and nutrient cycling. This particular gyre covers most of the Pacific Ocean and comprises four prevailing ocean currents: the North Pacific Current to the north, the California Current to the east, the North Equatorial Current to the south, and the Kuroshio Current to the west. Its large size and distance from shore has caused the NPSG to be poorly sampled and thus poorly understood.The life processes in open-ocean ecosystems are a sink for the atmosphere’s increasing CO2. Gyres make up a large proportion, approximately 75%, of what we refer to as the open ocean, or the area of the ocean that does not consist of coastal areas. They are considered oligotrophic, or nutrient poor because they are far from terrestrial runoff. These regions were once thought to be homogenous and static habitats. However, there is increasing evidence that the NPSG exhibits substantial physical, chemical, and biological variability on a variety of time scales. Specifically, the NPSG exhibits seasonal and interannual variations in primary productivity (simply defined as the production of new plant material), which is important for the uptake of CO2.The NPSG is not only a sink for CO2 in the atmosphere, but also other pollutants. As a direct result of this circular pattern, gyres act like giant whirlpools and become traps for anthropogenic pollutants, such as marine debris. The NPSG has become recognized for the large quantity of plastic debris floating just below the surface in the center of the gyre. This area has recently received a lot of media attention and is commonly referred to as the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.