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CHAPTER 37: EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF PLANTS
CHAPTER 37: EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF PLANTS

... within the ovules and are pollinated when contacted by pollen grains. Pollination and fertilization may be separated by long periods of time. This group is divided into two broad categories, plants that produce naked seeds and those that have seeds enclosed within fruit. The former, commonly called ...
Lab 7: Plant form and function
Lab 7: Plant form and function

... Members of the seed plant phyla obviously produce seeds. They also produce pollen. The origins of seeds and pollen are in two types of sporangia that produce two types of spores (they are heterosporous). In contrast, only a single type of sporangium, and spore (homosporous), is produced in most moss ...
Gymnosperm
Gymnosperm

... •Various fruit adaptations help disperse seeds •Seeds can be carried by wind, water, or animals to new locations ...
s1-human-reproduction-and-development
s1-human-reproduction-and-development

... The embryo develops in the uterus (womb). Development takes approximately 9 months this is called gestation. Between 8 and 12 weeks the embryo can be recognised as human and is called a foetus. ...
Ch. 27 - Flowering Plants: Reproduction
Ch. 27 - Flowering Plants: Reproduction

... • The megaspore mother cell undergoes meiosis to produce four haploid megaspores, three of which are nonfunctional • The functional megaspore divides mitotically until there are eight nuclei in the female gametophyte ...
File
File

... A) 1 and 2 B) 2 and 4 C) 3 and 5 D) 4 and 5 50. Which structure is correctly paired with its function? A) testis — produces nutrients for the offspring B) placenta — allows nutrients to diffuse from the mother to the embryo C) uterus — produces testosterone used in egg production D) ovary — provides ...
Nonvascular Plants: No water-conducting cells (xylem)
Nonvascular Plants: No water-conducting cells (xylem)

... are trees or shrubs that bear their seeds in cones (ex- pine trees), without the protection of a fruit as the angiosperms have. The cones contain all of the plant's reproductive structures. Like most plants, conifers have a life cycle following an alternation of generations pattern. The diploid gene ...
Lecture 13: POLLINATION
Lecture 13: POLLINATION

... Double Fertilization • Double fertilization occurs: One sperm nucleus (1n) fertilizes the egg, producing a zygote (2n)  which becomes the plant embryo inside the seed • Another sperm nucleus fuses with the polar nuclei, resulting in a triploid endosperm (3n) • Endosperm is a source of food for the ...
Gymnosperms
Gymnosperms

... •protection (seed coat) •dispersal unit of sexual reproduction •dormancy mechanisms •nutritive tissue – provides energy for young seedling, aiding in establishment ...
Gymnosperms
Gymnosperms

... •protection (seed coat) •dispersal unit of sexual reproduction •dormancy mechanisms •nutritive tissue – provides energy for young seedling, aiding in establishment ...
CONCEPTION TIPS - Infertility Network UK
CONCEPTION TIPS - Infertility Network UK

... Statistics has reported that, since the 1980s the rates for women giving birth at age 30 or over have gone up, while the rates for women giving birth aged under 30 have fallen. Fertility falls more sharply for women as they age than for men. As you can see from the chart below, women are most fertil ...
Fungi, plants, etc target packet questions - APBio09-10
Fungi, plants, etc target packet questions - APBio09-10

... 57. Megaspores are spores that will become the female gametophyte; haploid (see text p. 613 - yellow boxes) 58. Microspores are spores that will become the male gametophyte; haploid (see text p. 613 - yellow boxes) 59. Microspores become the male gametophyte enclosed in sporopollenin wall ~ pollen; ...
Boxers or Briefs
Boxers or Briefs

... (O’Brien et al, AUA Chicago 2009) ...
BDB 2014 Picea study day, an introduction
BDB 2014 Picea study day, an introduction

... Pinaceae : new shoots becoming woody in their first year, 11 genera Picea : leaf base very prominent and soon woody ...
Flower Structure
Flower Structure

... Pollination Most species of flowering plants are hermaphroditic  Pollen from a flower could land on the stigma of the same flower or another flower on the same plant = self pollination  Pollen transferred from the anther on one flower to the stigma of another flower on a different plant = cross p ...
Overview of Plantsx
Overview of Plantsx

... Plants do not have skeletons like animals do. Instead, individual plant cells have stiff cell walls made of cellulose for support. They also use water pressure in the cell’s central vacuole to help plant cells retain their shape. Large plants have developed special woody layers that also contribute ...
20 plants to land
20 plants to land

... These algae are surrounded by the nutrients they need, suspended in the water itself. 4. Nutrient dispersal Algae are generally small, or thin, and don’t have far to move materials internally. 5. Dispersal of reproductive structures Again, surrounded by water, reproductive cells are hydrated and was ...
angiosperms - Model High School
angiosperms - Model High School

... Pollination Most species of flowering plants are hermaphroditic  Pollen from a flower could land on the stigma of the same flower or another flower on the same plant = self pollination  Pollen transferred from the anther on one flower to the stigma of another flower on a different plant = cross p ...
reproduction in plants
reproduction in plants

... ∗ Pollen grains are released from the anther at 2-celled stage (Generative cell, Vegetative cell). These are carried to stigma (Pollination)by various agents like wind, water and animals. They germinate on the stigma, form pollen tubes, which have two male gametes formed from generative cell and a v ...
Topic 4: Plant Diversity II
Topic 4: Plant Diversity II

... 1. single diploid megaspore mother cell in ovule undergoes meiosis while flower develops 2. of 4 haploid megaspores produced, usually 3 break down 3. remaining megaspore expands and replicates and divides until there are 8 haploid nuclei in two groups of 4 4. one nuclei from each group migrates towa ...
Lecture 12: Gymnosperms and Angiosperms
Lecture 12: Gymnosperms and Angiosperms

... • Heterosporous: forms two different types of spores (micro- and megaspores; male and female spores) • Male – pollen grains contain tube nucleus and generative cell (2 sperm nuclei) • Female – female gametophyte contains egg and 2 polar nuclei ...
ch 29-30 plant diversity notes-2007
ch 29-30 plant diversity notes-2007

... Fruits • Various fruit adaptations help disperse seeds • Seeds can be carried by wind, water, or animals to new locations ...
Gymnosperms
Gymnosperms

... -4 monophyletic lineages -all woody -mostly without effective vegetative reproduction -only tracheids in the xylem (except for gnetophytes, which also have vessels) -naked seeds -relatively slow sexual reproduction -worldwide but dominant in many colder or arctic regions -include the tallest, the mo ...
ch18
ch18

... The Pinaceae are resinous trees or rarely shrubs comprising about 9 genera and 225 species found mostly in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The leaves are spirally disposed and are linear and needlelike. The male or microsporangiate strobili are small, terminal, or more often clustered ...
Nerve activates contraction
Nerve activates contraction

... have influenced the evolution of terrestrial plants and vice versa. The fact that animals must eat affects the natural selection of both animals and plants. Natural selection must have favored plants that kept their spores and gametophytes far above the ground, rather than dropping them within the ...
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Fertilisation



Fertilisation (also known as conception, fecundation and syngamy) is the fusion of gametes to initiate the development of a new individual organism. In animals, the process involves the fusion of an ovum with a sperm, which first creates a zygote and then leads to the development of an embryo. Depending on the animal species, the process can occur within the body of the female in internal fertilisation, or outside (external fertilisation). The cycle of fertilisation and development of new individuals is called sexual reproduction.
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