Chapter 2 Optical Layout
... The SOURCE portion of the program generates a set of rays that sample the source distribution (the brightness function), typically a synchrotron bending magnet or an undulator. The basic parameters are the source shape and size, depth and divergence. Additionally, information on photon energy, phase ...
... The SOURCE portion of the program generates a set of rays that sample the source distribution (the brightness function), typically a synchrotron bending magnet or an undulator. The basic parameters are the source shape and size, depth and divergence. Additionally, information on photon energy, phase ...
mm {0.84 M PASS
... selected III-valance semiconductor elements and one or more selected V-valence semiconductor elements. The ...
... selected III-valance semiconductor elements and one or more selected V-valence semiconductor elements. The ...
Picosecond resolution soft x-ray laser plasma
... to be observed at the output of the DGI. However the first diffracted order off the second grating can be used instead for this purpose. In this case the intensity of both orders is similar, because each undergoes a reflection (zero order) and a first order diffraction. As the optimum alignment can ...
... to be observed at the output of the DGI. However the first diffracted order off the second grating can be used instead for this purpose. In this case the intensity of both orders is similar, because each undergoes a reflection (zero order) and a first order diffraction. As the optimum alignment can ...
Light Scattering in Holographic Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystals
... Figure 18. Total scattering cross sections calculated by the Rayleigh-Gans approximation for various droplet configurations and incident polarizations [13]. Cases in which the incident polarization is aligned with the director for the bipolar and aligned droplet have the highest total cross section. ...
... Figure 18. Total scattering cross sections calculated by the Rayleigh-Gans approximation for various droplet configurations and incident polarizations [13]. Cases in which the incident polarization is aligned with the director for the bipolar and aligned droplet have the highest total cross section. ...
optical fibre communication
... communication fibres. This means collecting light from one source and transferring that light to the optical fibre. This demands COUPLING light from core to the fibre, in a efficient way. Larger light sources are generally easy to align with fibres, but their lower intensity generally delivers less ...
... communication fibres. This means collecting light from one source and transferring that light to the optical fibre. This demands COUPLING light from core to the fibre, in a efficient way. Larger light sources are generally easy to align with fibres, but their lower intensity generally delivers less ...
here - Optoelectronics Research Centre
... uses light instead of acoustic vibration to create the image. The term A-scan and Bscan are used commonly in OCT and ultrasonography because of the similarities in the way both techniques are constructing their images or tomograms. An A-scan is a one dimensional, axial profile obtained at a point lo ...
... uses light instead of acoustic vibration to create the image. The term A-scan and Bscan are used commonly in OCT and ultrasonography because of the similarities in the way both techniques are constructing their images or tomograms. An A-scan is a one dimensional, axial profile obtained at a point lo ...
Determining Shape and Fringe Count in a Holographic
... Holography is a 3-D imaging method where the complex light wavefront reflected by objects is recorded. Obtaining image views of the object is then possible by reconstructing the recorded wavefront. Holography is a method evolved by Gabor in 1947, in which one not only records the amplitude but also ...
... Holography is a 3-D imaging method where the complex light wavefront reflected by objects is recorded. Obtaining image views of the object is then possible by reconstructing the recorded wavefront. Holography is a method evolved by Gabor in 1947, in which one not only records the amplitude but also ...
How much mathematics should optics students know
... students at all levels. Students should pay attention to the approximations involved. Diffraction at the infinity of a circular aperture gives rise to the Bessel function J1(x)/x, a well known pattern, whose square is known as Airy pattern. In case the students are not already acquainted with Bessel ...
... students at all levels. Students should pay attention to the approximations involved. Diffraction at the infinity of a circular aperture gives rise to the Bessel function J1(x)/x, a well known pattern, whose square is known as Airy pattern. In case the students are not already acquainted with Bessel ...
Beam manipulation: prisms vs. mirrors
... to understand the Law of Reflection: it essentially shows that the angle of light incident on a plane surface is equal to the angle of reflection (figure 1). Combining several reflective planes with each other yields a higher number of potential applications. For example, two plane mirrors oriented ...
... to understand the Law of Reflection: it essentially shows that the angle of light incident on a plane surface is equal to the angle of reflection (figure 1). Combining several reflective planes with each other yields a higher number of potential applications. For example, two plane mirrors oriented ...
Neutron reflection: Principles and examples of applications
... angles. Fermi and Zinn had observed the total reflection of thermal neutrons below the critical angle. Since the neutron refractive index is related to its composition and to the scattering lengths of its constituent atoms, measurement of the critical angle for total reflection for pure materials be ...
... angles. Fermi and Zinn had observed the total reflection of thermal neutrons below the critical angle. Since the neutron refractive index is related to its composition and to the scattering lengths of its constituent atoms, measurement of the critical angle for total reflection for pure materials be ...
Fabrication of functional surfaces using ultrashort laser pulse ablation
... with replication methods. It is well known that sufficiently small surface structures reflect and deflect light in a way that can not be handled with geometrical optics. Naturally, when considering materials like metals, only reflected waves are observed. If the periodicity of the structures is in t ...
... with replication methods. It is well known that sufficiently small surface structures reflect and deflect light in a way that can not be handled with geometrical optics. Naturally, when considering materials like metals, only reflected waves are observed. If the periodicity of the structures is in t ...
MEMS Based Heavy Metal Detector Inas Raafat Ramsis
... Water pollution by toxic heavy metals is one of the most serious environmental hazards to humans’ health. As they are emitted into the water resources and adsorbed by soil, plants, fish and animals and eventually accumulate in human bodies causing a variety of serious diseases. Therefore, there is a ...
... Water pollution by toxic heavy metals is one of the most serious environmental hazards to humans’ health. As they are emitted into the water resources and adsorbed by soil, plants, fish and animals and eventually accumulate in human bodies causing a variety of serious diseases. Therefore, there is a ...
The Phenomenon of Total Internal Reflection and Acceleration of
... The phenomenon of total internal reflection that happens inside the fibers works on transmitting the light universally with a high speed that exceeds all the transmission media [1] fiber optics is a tangible transmission medium that transmits data between two points by the light so it differs from o ...
... The phenomenon of total internal reflection that happens inside the fibers works on transmitting the light universally with a high speed that exceeds all the transmission media [1] fiber optics is a tangible transmission medium that transmits data between two points by the light so it differs from o ...
Overview of various methods for measuring a lens focal length
... This tutorial describes methods for measuring a lens focal length. Most of them use paraxial optic formula (Gaussian equation, Newton equation,…) Others use diffraction theory with gratings. Measurements are performed with a microscope translated on an optical rail, or by using interferometers for m ...
... This tutorial describes methods for measuring a lens focal length. Most of them use paraxial optic formula (Gaussian equation, Newton equation,…) Others use diffraction theory with gratings. Measurements are performed with a microscope translated on an optical rail, or by using interferometers for m ...
unable_MEMS.pdf
... inventory stock and sparing for DWDM transmitters and receivers used in opaque networks capable of carrying more than 100 wavelengths per fiber. In case of hardware failure, a complete inventory of fixed-wavelength transmitters and receivers must be carried at numerous locations throughout the count ...
... inventory stock and sparing for DWDM transmitters and receivers used in opaque networks capable of carrying more than 100 wavelengths per fiber. In case of hardware failure, a complete inventory of fixed-wavelength transmitters and receivers must be carried at numerous locations throughout the count ...
C-Point singularities in Poincare beams
... right pane of the SLM was simply diffracted at an angle of about 0.5 degrees. The other beam was incident on a pane of the SLM that was programmed with the forked diffraction pattern to generate the proper superposition of ` = ±1 beams. The patterns on the left pane were amplitude modulated to produ ...
... right pane of the SLM was simply diffracted at an angle of about 0.5 degrees. The other beam was incident on a pane of the SLM that was programmed with the forked diffraction pattern to generate the proper superposition of ` = ±1 beams. The patterns on the left pane were amplitude modulated to produ ...
A Study of the Phenomenon of Spontaneous Parametric Down
... do not require a previously calibrated standard in order to perform absolute optical measurements [2]. An example of a quantum phenomenon that produces entangled photons is spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC). SPDC was described as early as 1970 by D. C. Burnham and D.L. Weinberg [3]. Exper ...
... do not require a previously calibrated standard in order to perform absolute optical measurements [2]. An example of a quantum phenomenon that produces entangled photons is spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC). SPDC was described as early as 1970 by D. C. Burnham and D.L. Weinberg [3]. Exper ...
Additional sample assessment material - Unit 1 Principles
... – Section A: Periodicity and Properties of Elements – Section B: Structures and Functions of Cells and Tissues – Section C: Waves in Communication. The marks for each question are shown in grey boxes – use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question. The periodic table of ...
... – Section A: Periodicity and Properties of Elements – Section B: Structures and Functions of Cells and Tissues – Section C: Waves in Communication. The marks for each question are shown in grey boxes – use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question. The periodic table of ...
CHAPTER 4 REFLECTED LIGHT OPTICS
... optically isotropic. A vacuum, all gases , most liquids, glasses, and cubic (isometric) crystalline substances are isotropic; other materials (chiefly nonisometric crystals) are optically anisotropic, and light rays may travel through them at different speeds, depending on the direction oflight vibr ...
... optically isotropic. A vacuum, all gases , most liquids, glasses, and cubic (isometric) crystalline substances are isotropic; other materials (chiefly nonisometric crystals) are optically anisotropic, and light rays may travel through them at different speeds, depending on the direction oflight vibr ...
Fast-Fourier-domain delay line for in vivo optical coherence
... where x0 is the offset of the pivot point of the mirror array from the optical axis and R is the inner radius of the mirror array. The first term is the result for a tilting mirror system6,14; however, a nonnegligible correction term 2R2 arises from additional translation of the mirror because of t ...
... where x0 is the offset of the pivot point of the mirror array from the optical axis and R is the inner radius of the mirror array. The first term is the result for a tilting mirror system6,14; however, a nonnegligible correction term 2R2 arises from additional translation of the mirror because of t ...
Proteins in High Electric Fields - BYU ScholarsArchive
... Being able to control protein function directly and in real time is attractive. In this thesis, I discuss controlling protein activity using alternating current electric fields on the order of 1 MV/m. Since protein structures result in localized and/or protein-wide charge gradients, it is expected t ...
... Being able to control protein function directly and in real time is attractive. In this thesis, I discuss controlling protein activity using alternating current electric fields on the order of 1 MV/m. Since protein structures result in localized and/or protein-wide charge gradients, it is expected t ...
www.phlam.univ
... Regardless of pulse distortion due to spectral and gain saturation of the amplifier, the pulse was compressed after amplification, indicating that the pulse remains linearly chirped. The pulsewidth of the amplified compressed pulses was measured using a streak camera. Fig. 4 shows a streak camera tr ...
... Regardless of pulse distortion due to spectral and gain saturation of the amplifier, the pulse was compressed after amplification, indicating that the pulse remains linearly chirped. The pulsewidth of the amplified compressed pulses was measured using a streak camera. Fig. 4 shows a streak camera tr ...
Accelerating Light Beams along Arbitrary Convex
... Wave packets of light propagating along arbitrarily curved trajectories in space are rapidly gaining importance. Already in the 1990s "snake beams" were proposed by Rosen and Yariv [1]. Yet, it was not until 2007 that Siviloglou and Christodoulides advanced this concept significantly further when th ...
... Wave packets of light propagating along arbitrarily curved trajectories in space are rapidly gaining importance. Already in the 1990s "snake beams" were proposed by Rosen and Yariv [1]. Yet, it was not until 2007 that Siviloglou and Christodoulides advanced this concept significantly further when th ...
Atomic Spectroscopy
... excited state). Sodium atoms, for example, absorb light very strongly at 589.0 nm, because light at this wavelength has exactly the right energy to raise the sodium atom to another electronic state. This electronic transition is quite specific for sodium; atoms of any other element have different en ...
... excited state). Sodium atoms, for example, absorb light very strongly at 589.0 nm, because light at this wavelength has exactly the right energy to raise the sodium atom to another electronic state. This electronic transition is quite specific for sodium; atoms of any other element have different en ...
Oxidation of some Late Transition Metal Surfaces: Structural studies
... Simulations corresponding to typical standard x-ray diffraction (XRD), SXRD and LEED experiments are shown in Fig. 3.7b-d, with penetration depths in the order of 1 μm, 10 nm and 10 Å respectively. For the simulation of standard x-ray diffraction we find a ratio between the signals from the surface ...
... Simulations corresponding to typical standard x-ray diffraction (XRD), SXRD and LEED experiments are shown in Fig. 3.7b-d, with penetration depths in the order of 1 μm, 10 nm and 10 Å respectively. For the simulation of standard x-ray diffraction we find a ratio between the signals from the surface ...
Diffraction grating
In optics, a diffraction grating is an optical component with a periodic structure, which splits and diffracts light into several beams travelling in different directions. The emerging coloration is a form of structural coloration. The directions of these beams depend on the spacing of the grating and the wavelength of the light so that the grating acts as the dispersive element. Because of this, gratings are commonly used in monochromators and spectrometers.For practical applications, gratings generally have ridges or rulings on their surface rather than dark lines. Such gratings can be either transmissive or reflective. Gratings which modulate the phase rather than the amplitude of the incident light are also produced, frequently using holography.The principles of diffraction gratings were discovered by James Gregory, about a year after Newton's prism experiments, initially with items such as bird feathers. The first man-made diffraction grating was made around 1785 by Philadelphia inventor David Rittenhouse, who strung hairs between two finely threaded screws. This was similar to notable German physicist Joseph von Fraunhofer's wire diffraction grating in 1821.Diffraction can create ""rainbow"" colors when illuminated by a wide spectrum (e.g., continuous) light source. The sparkling effects from the closely spaced narrow tracks on optical storage disks such as CD's or DVDs are an example, while the similar rainbow effects caused by thin layers of oil (or gasoline, etc.) on water are not caused by a grating, but rather by interference effects in reflections from the closely spaced transmissive layers (see Examples, below). A grating has parallel lines, while a CD has a spiral of finely-spaced data tracks. Diffraction colors also appear when one looks at a bright point source through a translucent fine-pitch umbrella-fabric covering. Decorative patterned plastic films based on reflective grating patches are very inexpensive, and are commonplace.