wavelength dependence of the light-induced index
... optical path length and thus the optical phase of light propagating through the irradiated arm. The change in optical phase is readily determined from the experimental data by using the fact that a change in the coupling ratio from 0% to 100% corresponds to an optical phase change of 7r. Thus the me ...
... optical path length and thus the optical phase of light propagating through the irradiated arm. The change in optical phase is readily determined from the experimental data by using the fact that a change in the coupling ratio from 0% to 100% corresponds to an optical phase change of 7r. Thus the me ...
a spectral performance model for the
... layers. This design method and use of materials provides an equivalent index that can approximate to the original substrate refractive index at its outer surface, matching well to the CdTe and providing a good index match for the application for a broadband antireflection coating. The ultra-wide bro ...
... layers. This design method and use of materials provides an equivalent index that can approximate to the original substrate refractive index at its outer surface, matching well to the CdTe and providing a good index match for the application for a broadband antireflection coating. The ultra-wide bro ...
Identification and Determination of Crystal Structures and
... a row of regularly spaced horizontal spots with spacing inversely related to d. Rotating the regularly spaced lines into a horizontal position results in a vertical row of spots. The optical transform of a cross grating of regularly spaced lines is a pattern of spots regularly spaced along two perpe ...
... a row of regularly spaced horizontal spots with spacing inversely related to d. Rotating the regularly spaced lines into a horizontal position results in a vertical row of spots. The optical transform of a cross grating of regularly spaced lines is a pattern of spots regularly spaced along two perpe ...
Fabrication of elliptically figured mirror for focusing hard x rays to
... critical angle is employed for large NA optical system design. A line-focusing test was also performed at the 1-km-long beam line 共BL29XUL兲 of SPring-8 because the available incident x ray had been confirmed to have sufficient coherence to evaluate ultraprecise mirrors.12 One of the main fabrication ...
... critical angle is employed for large NA optical system design. A line-focusing test was also performed at the 1-km-long beam line 共BL29XUL兲 of SPring-8 because the available incident x ray had been confirmed to have sufficient coherence to evaluate ultraprecise mirrors.12 One of the main fabrication ...
Strong enhancement of light extraction efficiency in GaInAsP 2D
... separated from electrodes. This paper discusses the extraction efficiency in 2-Darranged semiconductor microcolumns, designed like a 2-D photonic crystal. We can suppose three effects for the enhancement of the efficiency. The first one is the expanded escape cone of the internal light by a low effe ...
... separated from electrodes. This paper discusses the extraction efficiency in 2-Darranged semiconductor microcolumns, designed like a 2-D photonic crystal. We can suppose three effects for the enhancement of the efficiency. The first one is the expanded escape cone of the internal light by a low effe ...
A tunable low-energy photon source for high
... development and use of low-energy sources have recently become common in the ARPES community. These are typically laser sources: one such source supplies 7 eV photons by using the nonlinear optical crystal KBe2 BO3 F2 to generate the second harmonic of a frequency-tripled Nd:YVO4 laser,4 and a simil ...
... development and use of low-energy sources have recently become common in the ARPES community. These are typically laser sources: one such source supplies 7 eV photons by using the nonlinear optical crystal KBe2 BO3 F2 to generate the second harmonic of a frequency-tripled Nd:YVO4 laser,4 and a simil ...
1 L2: Reflection and Refraction c3.L2 REFLECTION AND
... without scattering is somewhat redder than it would be if there were no atmosphere. This explanation is supported by the fact that the sun looks redder at sunset, when the light has to traverse a greater thickness of the atmosphere, than it does at midday. On a smaller scale, the scattering of a sma ...
... without scattering is somewhat redder than it would be if there were no atmosphere. This explanation is supported by the fact that the sun looks redder at sunset, when the light has to traverse a greater thickness of the atmosphere, than it does at midday. On a smaller scale, the scattering of a sma ...
genius PHYSICS by Pradeep Kshetrapal Newtons corpuscular
... The phenomenon of apparent change in frequency (or wavelength) of the light due to relative motion between the source of light and the observer is called Doppler’s effect. If actual frequency, ' Apparent frequency, v = speed of source w.r.t stationary observer, c = speed of light Source of l ...
... The phenomenon of apparent change in frequency (or wavelength) of the light due to relative motion between the source of light and the observer is called Doppler’s effect. If actual frequency, ' Apparent frequency, v = speed of source w.r.t stationary observer, c = speed of light Source of l ...
L2 REFLECTION AND REFRACTION
... the sun looks redder at sunset, when the light has to traverse a greater thickness of the atmosphere, than it does at midday. On a smaller scale, the scattering of a small fraction of the light in a beam by dust or smoke particles in the atmosphere can help in tracing the path of the main beam. This ...
... the sun looks redder at sunset, when the light has to traverse a greater thickness of the atmosphere, than it does at midday. On a smaller scale, the scattering of a small fraction of the light in a beam by dust or smoke particles in the atmosphere can help in tracing the path of the main beam. This ...
Moiré and Fringe Projection Techniques
... dark fringes result (destructive interference). For a plane wave, the “grating” lines are really planes perpendicular to the plane of the figure and the dark and bright fringes are also planes perpendicular to the plane of the figure. If the plane waves are traveling to the right, these fringes woul ...
... dark fringes result (destructive interference). For a plane wave, the “grating” lines are really planes perpendicular to the plane of the figure and the dark and bright fringes are also planes perpendicular to the plane of the figure. If the plane waves are traveling to the right, these fringes woul ...
Generation of Repumping Light for Ultracold Strontium Experiments
... quantum mechanical systems. Ultracold atom systems are also ideal for investigating the quantum dynamics of single- and multi-component systems. Additionally, they can be used in quantum-limited force sensing, applicable to the study of nonNewtonian gravitational interactions at small length scales. ...
... quantum mechanical systems. Ultracold atom systems are also ideal for investigating the quantum dynamics of single- and multi-component systems. Additionally, they can be used in quantum-limited force sensing, applicable to the study of nonNewtonian gravitational interactions at small length scales. ...
The creation and annihilation of optical vortices using cascade
... The total angular momentum of a paraxial beam of light consists of a spin component associated with polarisation and an orbital component due to the presence of a helical phase structure [1]. For a left- or right-circularly polarised beam, the spin angular momentum (SAM) is ±ħ per photon [2]. Orbita ...
... The total angular momentum of a paraxial beam of light consists of a spin component associated with polarisation and an orbital component due to the presence of a helical phase structure [1]. For a left- or right-circularly polarised beam, the spin angular momentum (SAM) is ±ħ per photon [2]. Orbita ...
CfE Advanced Higher Physics – Unit 2 – Waves
... Travelling waves can pass through each other without being altered. If two stones are dropped in a calm pool, two sets of circular waves are produced. These waves pass through each other. However at any point at a particular time, the disturbance at that point is the algebraic sum of the individual ...
... Travelling waves can pass through each other without being altered. If two stones are dropped in a calm pool, two sets of circular waves are produced. These waves pass through each other. However at any point at a particular time, the disturbance at that point is the algebraic sum of the individual ...
Research on the Design of an Optical Information Storage Sensing
... To be compatible with the multilayer disc structure, the DOE is designed so that the zeroth-order beam focuses on the servo layer for focusing and tracking, while the first-order diffraction beams focuses on the recording layer. The two beams are controlled and focus on the corresponding layers inde ...
... To be compatible with the multilayer disc structure, the DOE is designed so that the zeroth-order beam focuses on the servo layer for focusing and tracking, while the first-order diffraction beams focuses on the recording layer. The two beams are controlled and focus on the corresponding layers inde ...
A minimally invasive in-fibre Bragg grating sensor
... Figure 2 is a schematic showing the orientation of contact forces relative to the fibre axis. ...
... Figure 2 is a schematic showing the orientation of contact forces relative to the fibre axis. ...
Experimental demonstration of near-infrared
... directive emission and phase front shaping [7, 8]. Self-collimation and focusing effects are demonstrated in zero-average index metamaterials supporting defect modes [9]. The inherent negative polarizability of the ENZ metamaterials also enables potential applications in electromagnetic transparency ...
... directive emission and phase front shaping [7, 8]. Self-collimation and focusing effects are demonstrated in zero-average index metamaterials supporting defect modes [9]. The inherent negative polarizability of the ENZ metamaterials also enables potential applications in electromagnetic transparency ...
Little big photon - Research Laboratory of Electronics
... then interact with one another because the first photon modifies the atom’s state, and hence the atom’s response to the second photon. What, then, is the limit to the interaction of one photon with one atom? The basic situation is depicted in Figure 1: A weak light beam is focused onto an area A con ...
... then interact with one another because the first photon modifies the atom’s state, and hence the atom’s response to the second photon. What, then, is the limit to the interaction of one photon with one atom? The basic situation is depicted in Figure 1: A weak light beam is focused onto an area A con ...
A new approach to sum frequency generation of single
... of suitable gain media at various wavelengths limits the spectral coverage of second harmonic generation (SHG). Another very flexible source of tunable visible light is an optical parametric oscillator, but these have the disadvantage of being complicated to operate and require high pump power sourc ...
... of suitable gain media at various wavelengths limits the spectral coverage of second harmonic generation (SHG). Another very flexible source of tunable visible light is an optical parametric oscillator, but these have the disadvantage of being complicated to operate and require high pump power sourc ...
Refraction
... dense medium (glass) to a less dense medium (air) bends away from the normal - Snell’s Law again applies i.e. sin i α sin r Refraction is the bending of a wave at the boundary when it is going from one medium to another ...
... dense medium (glass) to a less dense medium (air) bends away from the normal - Snell’s Law again applies i.e. sin i α sin r Refraction is the bending of a wave at the boundary when it is going from one medium to another ...
Tailoring single-photon and multiphoton
... These basic concepts could be used to produce higherorder photon number states as well. By using detectors with the capability of sensing the number of photons in a single pulse, the switching circuit could just as well direct the outputs of those converters that produced multiple-photon pairs to th ...
... These basic concepts could be used to produce higherorder photon number states as well. By using detectors with the capability of sensing the number of photons in a single pulse, the switching circuit could just as well direct the outputs of those converters that produced multiple-photon pairs to th ...
Mimicking the colourful wing scale structure of the
... stack of 11 alternating layers of titania and alumina: a top view, 2 µm, b cross-section, 1 µm. c, At perpendicular light incidence the artificial replica appears green, while it, d, reflects blue at grazing incidence, showing some iridescence (scale bars 5 mm). e, Under a light microscope, the conc ...
... stack of 11 alternating layers of titania and alumina: a top view, 2 µm, b cross-section, 1 µm. c, At perpendicular light incidence the artificial replica appears green, while it, d, reflects blue at grazing incidence, showing some iridescence (scale bars 5 mm). e, Under a light microscope, the conc ...
Demonstration of a linear optical true
... is taken to be reflective. The field lens does not have to be adjacent to the SLM. We take the SLM in this case to be a MEMS two-state micromirror array, in which each micromirror can tip to one of two angles, here taken to be ⫾10°. Figure 3 shows the MEMS at the left-hand side, with every micromirr ...
... is taken to be reflective. The field lens does not have to be adjacent to the SLM. We take the SLM in this case to be a MEMS two-state micromirror array, in which each micromirror can tip to one of two angles, here taken to be ⫾10°. Figure 3 shows the MEMS at the left-hand side, with every micromirr ...
Dispersion Trimming in a Reconfigurable Wavelength Selective Switch
... array (VIPA) technology combined with a spatial light modulator (SLM). Here, we are taking a different approach, where we start from a very flexible wavelength selective switch (WSS), based on liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) technology. Several functions of this WSS have been reported, such as swit ...
... array (VIPA) technology combined with a spatial light modulator (SLM). Here, we are taking a different approach, where we start from a very flexible wavelength selective switch (WSS), based on liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) technology. Several functions of this WSS have been reported, such as swit ...
Lecture 3a - Interference
... A very fine wire 7.35 x 10-3 mm in diameter is placed between two flat glass plates. Light whose wavelength in air is 600 nm falls (and is viewed) perpendicular to the plates and a series of bright and dark bands is seen. How many light and dark bands will there be in this case? Will the area next t ...
... A very fine wire 7.35 x 10-3 mm in diameter is placed between two flat glass plates. Light whose wavelength in air is 600 nm falls (and is viewed) perpendicular to the plates and a series of bright and dark bands is seen. How many light and dark bands will there be in this case? Will the area next t ...
Optimally designed narrowband guided
... absorption in the waveguide layer structure. For this reason, such guided modes are also called “leaky modes.” The constructive interference of waves in the specular direction creates peak reflection efficiency; at the same time the destructive interference of waves in the transmitted direction gene ...
... absorption in the waveguide layer structure. For this reason, such guided modes are also called “leaky modes.” The constructive interference of waves in the specular direction creates peak reflection efficiency; at the same time the destructive interference of waves in the transmitted direction gene ...
Diffraction grating
In optics, a diffraction grating is an optical component with a periodic structure, which splits and diffracts light into several beams travelling in different directions. The emerging coloration is a form of structural coloration. The directions of these beams depend on the spacing of the grating and the wavelength of the light so that the grating acts as the dispersive element. Because of this, gratings are commonly used in monochromators and spectrometers.For practical applications, gratings generally have ridges or rulings on their surface rather than dark lines. Such gratings can be either transmissive or reflective. Gratings which modulate the phase rather than the amplitude of the incident light are also produced, frequently using holography.The principles of diffraction gratings were discovered by James Gregory, about a year after Newton's prism experiments, initially with items such as bird feathers. The first man-made diffraction grating was made around 1785 by Philadelphia inventor David Rittenhouse, who strung hairs between two finely threaded screws. This was similar to notable German physicist Joseph von Fraunhofer's wire diffraction grating in 1821.Diffraction can create ""rainbow"" colors when illuminated by a wide spectrum (e.g., continuous) light source. The sparkling effects from the closely spaced narrow tracks on optical storage disks such as CD's or DVDs are an example, while the similar rainbow effects caused by thin layers of oil (or gasoline, etc.) on water are not caused by a grating, but rather by interference effects in reflections from the closely spaced transmissive layers (see Examples, below). A grating has parallel lines, while a CD has a spiral of finely-spaced data tracks. Diffraction colors also appear when one looks at a bright point source through a translucent fine-pitch umbrella-fabric covering. Decorative patterned plastic films based on reflective grating patches are very inexpensive, and are commonplace.