Color Vision Theories
... The fundamental phenomena of color vision are a result of neural processes which combine the signals from the three cone mechanisms in various ways. 1) Color mixture and Grassman’s laws 2) Discrimination of hue, saturation, and brightness. 3) The perception of spectral hues, except yellow 4) Dichr ...
... The fundamental phenomena of color vision are a result of neural processes which combine the signals from the three cone mechanisms in various ways. 1) Color mixture and Grassman’s laws 2) Discrimination of hue, saturation, and brightness. 3) The perception of spectral hues, except yellow 4) Dichr ...
The non-classical auditory pathways are involved in hearing in
... We interpreted our results as signs of involvement of the non-classical pathways that diminished with age, thus probably a sign of normal maturation. The fact that some of the individuals that we studied experienced an increase in loudness when their median nerve was stimulated while a few individua ...
... We interpreted our results as signs of involvement of the non-classical pathways that diminished with age, thus probably a sign of normal maturation. The fact that some of the individuals that we studied experienced an increase in loudness when their median nerve was stimulated while a few individua ...
Thinking in circuits: toward neurobiological explanation in cognitive
... the brain; dominant views either favor a “semantic hub”, that is, an integration center for all kinds of meanings, or suggest that different semantic kinds are carried by different parts of Concepts Thought Language ...
... the brain; dominant views either favor a “semantic hub”, that is, an integration center for all kinds of meanings, or suggest that different semantic kinds are carried by different parts of Concepts Thought Language ...
ReflexArcLabBackgroundNotes
... Looking at this sequence of steps, this is what happens when something sharp touches you on your hand: The stimulus is touch, your pain receptor is the sensor that senses it and relays it to the nervous system (spinal cord and brain) which is the coordinator. The coordinator makes the decision of ho ...
... Looking at this sequence of steps, this is what happens when something sharp touches you on your hand: The stimulus is touch, your pain receptor is the sensor that senses it and relays it to the nervous system (spinal cord and brain) which is the coordinator. The coordinator makes the decision of ho ...
SCIENCE AND RELIGION: Scientific
... of analysis and this way of thinking has been fundamental to scientific and engineering successes from theories of elementary particles and quantum superstrings, to making car engines, airplanes, nuclear bombs, kitchen appliances, and to developing medical devices and pharmaceuticals. Although there ...
... of analysis and this way of thinking has been fundamental to scientific and engineering successes from theories of elementary particles and quantum superstrings, to making car engines, airplanes, nuclear bombs, kitchen appliances, and to developing medical devices and pharmaceuticals. Although there ...
Reverse-Engineering the Human Auditory Pathway
... visualizing these processes in isolation at near biological resolution in real-time, and it was possible to raise venture capital funding to begin the project. By 2008, these advances had permitted the development of products in the area of two-microphone noise reduction for mobile phones, leading t ...
... visualizing these processes in isolation at near biological resolution in real-time, and it was possible to raise venture capital funding to begin the project. By 2008, these advances had permitted the development of products in the area of two-microphone noise reduction for mobile phones, leading t ...
Chapter 15: Neural Integration I: Sensory Pathways and the Somatic
... II. Sensory Receptors and Their Classification, p. 496 ...
... II. Sensory Receptors and Their Classification, p. 496 ...
Brain Mechanisms of Memory and Cognition
... Higher visual cortical processing can be roughly divided into areas that are concerned with the analysis of objects (form, colour, etc.), and areas that are concerned with their spatial location and movement. The former appears to be mediated by a ventral stream, and the latter by a dorsal stream (U ...
... Higher visual cortical processing can be roughly divided into areas that are concerned with the analysis of objects (form, colour, etc.), and areas that are concerned with their spatial location and movement. The former appears to be mediated by a ventral stream, and the latter by a dorsal stream (U ...
Fatigue and Inhibition
... Both dendrite and axon are conductors, but it appears that a large part of the dendrite has different properties from those of the axon. The axon (like the cell-body itself) works on the all-or-none principle (except possibly at its very end). The dendrite over much of its extent does not. The all-o ...
... Both dendrite and axon are conductors, but it appears that a large part of the dendrite has different properties from those of the axon. The axon (like the cell-body itself) works on the all-or-none principle (except possibly at its very end). The dendrite over much of its extent does not. The all-o ...
07 Cranial nerves, their functional division into three groups. Organ
... • Taste buds are organs containing gustatory & supporting cells that lie within papillae • Chemicals contact taste hairs which change the MP of taste cells & leads to an AP in the sensory ...
... • Taste buds are organs containing gustatory & supporting cells that lie within papillae • Chemicals contact taste hairs which change the MP of taste cells & leads to an AP in the sensory ...
Consciousness_12
... better depiction of what happens at the lens of the eye. Mathematically (in one implementation), a Fourier transform converts a function of time f(t) into a function of frequency F(jw) where the j indicates that it is a complex function of frequency. In other words, a Fourier transform can convert a ...
... better depiction of what happens at the lens of the eye. Mathematically (in one implementation), a Fourier transform converts a function of time f(t) into a function of frequency F(jw) where the j indicates that it is a complex function of frequency. In other words, a Fourier transform can convert a ...
PMD 14. Neurophys I
... itch (tactile senses); hearing & equilibrium (special senses); visceral pressure, stretch - thermoreceptors: respond to temperature changes on body surfaces or deeper tissues (somatic) - chemoreceptors: respond to chemicals dissolved in mucus, tissue fluid, etc.; senses of smell & taste; level of ch ...
... itch (tactile senses); hearing & equilibrium (special senses); visceral pressure, stretch - thermoreceptors: respond to temperature changes on body surfaces or deeper tissues (somatic) - chemoreceptors: respond to chemicals dissolved in mucus, tissue fluid, etc.; senses of smell & taste; level of ch ...
Recounting the impact of Hubel and Wiesel
... It was against this background that the impact of Hubel and Wiesel’s first paper (1959) can be appreciated. Their introduction set the tone: ‘In the central nervous system the visual pathway from retina to striate cortex provides an opportunity to observe and compare single unit responses at several ...
... It was against this background that the impact of Hubel and Wiesel’s first paper (1959) can be appreciated. Their introduction set the tone: ‘In the central nervous system the visual pathway from retina to striate cortex provides an opportunity to observe and compare single unit responses at several ...
Lecture VIII. Spinal Cord - Natural Sciences Learning Center
... particular sensory cell is most sensitive - light, touch, sound, etc.) • Law of specific nerve energies (depolarization of neurons in a pathway is interpreted as a particular form of stimulation - pressure to the eyes or direct electrical activation of the visual cortex are both interpreted as a cha ...
... particular sensory cell is most sensitive - light, touch, sound, etc.) • Law of specific nerve energies (depolarization of neurons in a pathway is interpreted as a particular form of stimulation - pressure to the eyes or direct electrical activation of the visual cortex are both interpreted as a cha ...
Color Vision Theories
... The fundamental phenomena of color vision are a result of neural processes which combine the signals from the three cone mechanisms in various ways. 1) Color mixture and Grassman’s laws 2) Discrimination of hue, saturation, and brightness. 3) The perception of spectral hues, except yellow 4) Dichr ...
... The fundamental phenomena of color vision are a result of neural processes which combine the signals from the three cone mechanisms in various ways. 1) Color mixture and Grassman’s laws 2) Discrimination of hue, saturation, and brightness. 3) The perception of spectral hues, except yellow 4) Dichr ...
Eagleman Ch 8. Attention and Consciousness
... If the cue correctly predicts the stimulus, there is a reaction time benefit. If the cue incorrectly predicts the stimulus, there is a reaction time cost. Top-down mechanisms focus voluntary (endogenous) attention. Bottom-up mechanisms focus involuntary (exogenous) attention. ...
... If the cue correctly predicts the stimulus, there is a reaction time benefit. If the cue incorrectly predicts the stimulus, there is a reaction time cost. Top-down mechanisms focus voluntary (endogenous) attention. Bottom-up mechanisms focus involuntary (exogenous) attention. ...
Reconciling simplicity and likelihood principles in perceptual
... initiated by Helmholtz (1910/1962), advocates the likelihood principle: that sensory input will be organized into the most probable distal object or event consistent with that input. The second, initiated by Wertheimer and developed by other Gestalt psychologists, advocates what Pomerantz and Kubovy ...
... initiated by Helmholtz (1910/1962), advocates the likelihood principle: that sensory input will be organized into the most probable distal object or event consistent with that input. The second, initiated by Wertheimer and developed by other Gestalt psychologists, advocates what Pomerantz and Kubovy ...
Feedforward, horizontal, and feedback processing
... are more than mere RF ‘surrounds’ [28], and may be neural correlates of perceptual phenomena. Modulations of response strength in V1 have been shown to correlate with perceptual ‘pop-out’ [29,30], perceived brightness [31], perceptual grouping of line segments [32], and figure–ground segregation for ...
... are more than mere RF ‘surrounds’ [28], and may be neural correlates of perceptual phenomena. Modulations of response strength in V1 have been shown to correlate with perceptual ‘pop-out’ [29,30], perceived brightness [31], perceptual grouping of line segments [32], and figure–ground segregation for ...
Zmysły chemiczne
... Pheromones are chemical factors that trigger social responses in members of the same species. There are alarm pheromones, food trail pheromones, sex pheromones, and many others. They are known to be used especially by insects. No pheromonal substance has ever been demonstrated to directly influence ...
... Pheromones are chemical factors that trigger social responses in members of the same species. There are alarm pheromones, food trail pheromones, sex pheromones, and many others. They are known to be used especially by insects. No pheromonal substance has ever been demonstrated to directly influence ...
3680Lecture29
... Searching for the NCC • What is needed is a situation in which a perceiver’s state can alternate between “aware” and “unaware” of some information in ways that we can correlate with neural events • One such situation is called Binocular Rivalry ...
... Searching for the NCC • What is needed is a situation in which a perceiver’s state can alternate between “aware” and “unaware” of some information in ways that we can correlate with neural events • One such situation is called Binocular Rivalry ...
Module 20 Basic Learning Concepts and Classical
... Acquisition: the initial stage, when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response. Higher-order conditioning: a procedure in which the conditioned stimulus in one conditioning experience is paired with a new neutra ...
... Acquisition: the initial stage, when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response. Higher-order conditioning: a procedure in which the conditioned stimulus in one conditioning experience is paired with a new neutra ...
The Peripheral Nervous System
... – Nerve endings that monitor: • Touch, pressure, vibration, stretch, pain, temperature and ...
... – Nerve endings that monitor: • Touch, pressure, vibration, stretch, pain, temperature and ...
Smell and Taste
... attractiveness differently in the follicular (F) and luteal (L) phases. In the high conception risk phase (F), women tended to give higher scores to male faces than when they were in the luteal phase. During the five first days of the cycle, i.e. when the estrogen level is still low, women assessed ...
... attractiveness differently in the follicular (F) and luteal (L) phases. In the high conception risk phase (F), women tended to give higher scores to male faces than when they were in the luteal phase. During the five first days of the cycle, i.e. when the estrogen level is still low, women assessed ...
Myers Module Twenty
... Abused children's sensitized brains react more strongly to angry faces. This generalized anxiety response may help to explain their greater risk of psychological disorders. Verosky & Todorov, 2010: We like unfamiliar people more if they look somewhat like someone we already like. ...
... Abused children's sensitized brains react more strongly to angry faces. This generalized anxiety response may help to explain their greater risk of psychological disorders. Verosky & Todorov, 2010: We like unfamiliar people more if they look somewhat like someone we already like. ...
The Physiology of the Senses Lecture 5
... We began in Chapter1 with the story of how light is converted into electrical activity by the eye. In chapter 2 we examined how the cortex then extracts features which in chapter 3 were assembled into visual objects and in chapter 4 led to the perception of motion. In this chapter we will examine th ...
... We began in Chapter1 with the story of how light is converted into electrical activity by the eye. In chapter 2 we examined how the cortex then extracts features which in chapter 3 were assembled into visual objects and in chapter 4 led to the perception of motion. In this chapter we will examine th ...
Perception
""Percept"", ""perceptual"", ""perceptible"" and ""imperceptible"" redirect here. For the Brian Blade album, see Perceptual (album). For the perceptibility of digital watermarks, see Digital watermarking#Perceptibility. For other uses, see Perception (disambiguation) and Percept (disambiguation).Perception (from the Latin perceptio, percipio) is the organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory information in order to represent and understand the environment. All perception involves signals in the nervous system, which in turn result from physical or chemical stimulation of the sense organs. For example, vision involves light striking the retina of the eye, smell is mediated by odor molecules, and hearing involves pressure waves. Perception is not the passive receipt of these signals, but is shaped by learning, memory, expectation, and attention.Perception can be split into two processes Firstly processing sensory input which transforms these low-level information to higher-level information (e.g., extracts shapes for object recognition). Secondly processing which is connected with person's concept and expectations (knowledge), and selective mechanisms (attention) that influence perception.Perception depends on complex functions of the nervous system, but subjectively seems mostly effortless because this processing happens outside conscious awareness.Since the rise of experimental psychology in the 19th Century, psychology's understanding of perception has progressed by combining a variety of techniques. Psychophysics quantitatively describes the relationships between the physical qualities of the sensory input and perception. Sensory neuroscience studies the brain mechanisms underlying perception. Perceptual systems can also be studied computationally, in terms of the information they process. Perceptual issues in philosophy include the extent to which sensory qualities such as sound, smell or color exist in objective reality rather than in the mind of the perceiver.Although the senses were traditionally viewed as passive receptors, the study of illusions and ambiguous images has demonstrated that the brain's perceptual systems actively and pre-consciously attempt to make sense of their input. There is still active debate about the extent to which perception is an active process of hypothesis testing, analogous to science, or whether realistic sensory information is rich enough to make this process unnecessary.The perceptual systems of the brain enable individuals to see the world around them as stable, even though the sensory information is typically incomplete and rapidly varying. Human and animal brains are structured in a modular way, with different areas processing different kinds of sensory information. Some of these modules take the form of sensory maps, mapping some aspect of the world across part of the brain's surface. These different modules are interconnected and influence each other. For instance, taste is strongly influenced by smell.