Is neuroimaging measuring information in the brain? | SpringerLink
... of using neuroimaging to measure information, but rather to make more explicit the assumptions that may lead us astray in that endeavor. We will argue that most neuroimaging (implicitly) focuses on interpreting physical signals in the brain from the perspective of an external experimenter, whereas t ...
... of using neuroimaging to measure information, but rather to make more explicit the assumptions that may lead us astray in that endeavor. We will argue that most neuroimaging (implicitly) focuses on interpreting physical signals in the brain from the perspective of an external experimenter, whereas t ...
Nervous communication
... A sensory neurone, a relay neurone and a motor neurone. In a reflex (e.g. withdrawing a finger from a hot object) 1.An impulse starts in a receptor 2.then is transmitted to a sensory neurone 3.then to a relay neurone in the brain or spine, 4.then to a motor neurone 5.and finally to an effector for a ...
... A sensory neurone, a relay neurone and a motor neurone. In a reflex (e.g. withdrawing a finger from a hot object) 1.An impulse starts in a receptor 2.then is transmitted to a sensory neurone 3.then to a relay neurone in the brain or spine, 4.then to a motor neurone 5.and finally to an effector for a ...
Reduced brain habituation to somatosensory stimulation in patients
... later (e.g., 500 msec). Moreover, it has been observed that patients with some psychiatric diseases (e.g., schizophrenia, bipolar depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, cocaine abuse) and some pain conditions (migraine, premenstrual syndrome) show a reduced habituation of early ERP responses as ...
... later (e.g., 500 msec). Moreover, it has been observed that patients with some psychiatric diseases (e.g., schizophrenia, bipolar depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, cocaine abuse) and some pain conditions (migraine, premenstrual syndrome) show a reduced habituation of early ERP responses as ...
In search of musical fitness on consonance
... consonance/dissonance is related to physical-mathematical theories, to psychological experiments on sound perception and to the musical organisation of sound. The problem of consonance/dissonance in music began with the Pythagoreans in the fifth century B. C. They discovered that two notes produced ...
... consonance/dissonance is related to physical-mathematical theories, to psychological experiments on sound perception and to the musical organisation of sound. The problem of consonance/dissonance in music began with the Pythagoreans in the fifth century B. C. They discovered that two notes produced ...
Visual7
... Optic nerves from both eyes converge at optic chiasm: partial cross-over. Images in the nasal hemiretina from both sides cross over (temporal stay ipsilateral). This allows for complete cross-over of each visual field (see Fig. 7-3C). ...
... Optic nerves from both eyes converge at optic chiasm: partial cross-over. Images in the nasal hemiretina from both sides cross over (temporal stay ipsilateral). This allows for complete cross-over of each visual field (see Fig. 7-3C). ...
Conditioned Inhibition
... water but little aversion to the sour taste The CS that is most easily conditioned is the one that animals use to procure food Rats use taste and odor cues to procure food Birds use visual cues to procure food ...
... water but little aversion to the sour taste The CS that is most easily conditioned is the one that animals use to procure food Rats use taste and odor cues to procure food Birds use visual cues to procure food ...
Objective cortical evaluation of infants wearing hearing aids Harvey
... automatic detection of waveforms can distinguish true cortical responses from random noise more accurately than expert observers, and so make the use of evoked cortical responses clinically viable. When cortical responses are detected with only a very tiny probability of them being unrelated to the ...
... automatic detection of waveforms can distinguish true cortical responses from random noise more accurately than expert observers, and so make the use of evoked cortical responses clinically viable. When cortical responses are detected with only a very tiny probability of them being unrelated to the ...
Models of bodily expression perception
... dimension in an action immediately alerts the observer to potential threat and prepares the organism for an adaptive reaction (de Gelder, Snyder, Greve, Gerard, & Hadjikhani, 2004). Depending on whether the stimulus is consciously seen and recognized, some of these processes may be associated with a ...
... dimension in an action immediately alerts the observer to potential threat and prepares the organism for an adaptive reaction (de Gelder, Snyder, Greve, Gerard, & Hadjikhani, 2004). Depending on whether the stimulus is consciously seen and recognized, some of these processes may be associated with a ...
From hand actions to speech: evidence and speculations
... becoming active when the monkey observes small size objects, discharge also during precision grip. On the contrary, neurons selectively active when the monkey looks at a large object discharge also during actions directed towards large objects (e.g., whole hand prehension) ...
... becoming active when the monkey observes small size objects, discharge also during precision grip. On the contrary, neurons selectively active when the monkey looks at a large object discharge also during actions directed towards large objects (e.g., whole hand prehension) ...
E(R) - Consciousness Online
... Uninformative stimuli bring less information but elicit a higher response than the 55% cues. It is not the information per se! It is its utility to the organism. After all, attention MUST be selective! ...
... Uninformative stimuli bring less information but elicit a higher response than the 55% cues. It is not the information per se! It is its utility to the organism. After all, attention MUST be selective! ...
Cochlear Implant Overview
... software (SoundWave™ Professional Suite) is used by the cochlear implant audiologist to create, adjust, fine-tune and optimize sound processing programs on the sound processor computing system, to best fit individual hearing needs. Following the initial stimulation, the recipient will require freque ...
... software (SoundWave™ Professional Suite) is used by the cochlear implant audiologist to create, adjust, fine-tune and optimize sound processing programs on the sound processor computing system, to best fit individual hearing needs. Following the initial stimulation, the recipient will require freque ...
contextual influences on visual processing
... local region of the image, that extraction of meaning is only possible if information from other regions is taken into account. Of particular importance is a set of image cues revealing surface occlusion and/or lighting conditions. These informationrich cues direct the perceptual interpretation of o ...
... local region of the image, that extraction of meaning is only possible if information from other regions is taken into account. Of particular importance is a set of image cues revealing surface occlusion and/or lighting conditions. These informationrich cues direct the perceptual interpretation of o ...
A coincidence detector neural network model of selective attention
... discards the rest. The process of focusing mental resources on part of the visual stimulation to allow further processing while ignoring everything else is commonly referred to as selective attention. Over the years a theoretical debate arose over the locus of selection in the information processing ...
... discards the rest. The process of focusing mental resources on part of the visual stimulation to allow further processing while ignoring everything else is commonly referred to as selective attention. Over the years a theoretical debate arose over the locus of selection in the information processing ...
What Can an Orbitofrontal Cortex- Endowed Animal
... anatomical differences might reflect behavioral differences in the role that the sense of smell plays in these two species. For example, the amygdala provides strong input to agranular OFC, but very scant projections to central anterior OFC (such as area 11l), implying that limbic (amygdala) influen ...
... anatomical differences might reflect behavioral differences in the role that the sense of smell plays in these two species. For example, the amygdala provides strong input to agranular OFC, but very scant projections to central anterior OFC (such as area 11l), implying that limbic (amygdala) influen ...
Auditory Cortex (1)
... 1. Woolsey CN and Walzl EM. Topical projection of nerve fibers from local regions of the cochlea to the cerebral cortex of the cat. Bulletin of the Johns Hopkins Hospital 71: 315-344, 1942. 2. Evans EF, Ross HF and Whitfield IC. The spatial distribution of unit characteristic frequency in the primar ...
... 1. Woolsey CN and Walzl EM. Topical projection of nerve fibers from local regions of the cochlea to the cerebral cortex of the cat. Bulletin of the Johns Hopkins Hospital 71: 315-344, 1942. 2. Evans EF, Ross HF and Whitfield IC. The spatial distribution of unit characteristic frequency in the primar ...
Sensation
... Polyesthesia - means sensation of one stimulus as several ones Alloheyria - sensation of stimuli in symmetrical sites on an opposite body part Alloesthesia - sensation of stimuli in the other place Dissociation of sense - phenomenon of fallout of some kind of sensitivity while saving others ...
... Polyesthesia - means sensation of one stimulus as several ones Alloheyria - sensation of stimuli in symmetrical sites on an opposite body part Alloesthesia - sensation of stimuli in the other place Dissociation of sense - phenomenon of fallout of some kind of sensitivity while saving others ...
Trigeminal pathways PP
... The right side of the pons is lesioned. What sensory loss would you expect? Below the lesion: • Loss of facial sensation on right • Loss of pain and temp from left side • Loss of proprioception/vibration from left side ...
... The right side of the pons is lesioned. What sensory loss would you expect? Below the lesion: • Loss of facial sensation on right • Loss of pain and temp from left side • Loss of proprioception/vibration from left side ...
Beyond the classical receptive field: The effect of contextual stimuli
... The earliest attempts to relate visual physiology to perception were severely limited by the techniques available. Wolfgang Köhler (Köhler & Held, 1949), one of the fathers of Gestalt psychology, together with Held, invoked ‘‘electric field’’ effects to explain how the perception of patterns would ...
... The earliest attempts to relate visual physiology to perception were severely limited by the techniques available. Wolfgang Köhler (Köhler & Held, 1949), one of the fathers of Gestalt psychology, together with Held, invoked ‘‘electric field’’ effects to explain how the perception of patterns would ...
Imagination and the Mind`s Ear - American Society for Aesthetics
... This dissertation provides an analysis of the phenomenon of musical imagery, or the internal “hearing” of music. I hold the view that musical imagery, as a kind of auditory imagery, is a kind of sensory or perceptual imagination, and should not be incorporated into a propositional model of imaginati ...
... This dissertation provides an analysis of the phenomenon of musical imagery, or the internal “hearing” of music. I hold the view that musical imagery, as a kind of auditory imagery, is a kind of sensory or perceptual imagination, and should not be incorporated into a propositional model of imaginati ...
Visualizing vocal perception in the chimpanzee
... scanning sessions each in which they were presented with 3 distinct types of auditory stimuli, broadcast conspecific vocalizations (BCVs), proximal conspecific vocalizations (PRVs), and time-reversed vocalizations (TRVs; see Method). ‘‘Proximal’’ vocalizations are relatively low intensity vocalization ...
... scanning sessions each in which they were presented with 3 distinct types of auditory stimuli, broadcast conspecific vocalizations (BCVs), proximal conspecific vocalizations (PRVs), and time-reversed vocalizations (TRVs; see Method). ‘‘Proximal’’ vocalizations are relatively low intensity vocalization ...
Differentiating Noxious- and Innocuous
... regressor for each stimulus type, choosing instead to define all stimulus events simply in terms of the onset and duration of contact with the skin. The analysis fits the linear model to a single run of fMRI data allowing for spatially varying autocorrelated errors. Statistical output from different ...
... regressor for each stimulus type, choosing instead to define all stimulus events simply in terms of the onset and duration of contact with the skin. The analysis fits the linear model to a single run of fMRI data allowing for spatially varying autocorrelated errors. Statistical output from different ...
Topographic Maps are Fundamental to Sensory
... perceptually with great accuracy. In the time domain, Barlow indicated how a topographic map permits local neural circuits that detect direction of motion. Other types of brain organization would require longer and more complex arrays of connections. In many computer simulations of neuronal processi ...
... perceptually with great accuracy. In the time domain, Barlow indicated how a topographic map permits local neural circuits that detect direction of motion. Other types of brain organization would require longer and more complex arrays of connections. In many computer simulations of neuronal processi ...
Partial Position Transfer in Categorical Perceptual Learning Alexander Gerganov ()
... Discussion of Experiment 1 Results from Experiment 1 showed partial transfer of learning for the 4.5-degrees condition - there was a significant difference (in terms of both correct responses and response time) between the control position and the further transfer position (4.5 degrees shift). This ...
... Discussion of Experiment 1 Results from Experiment 1 showed partial transfer of learning for the 4.5-degrees condition - there was a significant difference (in terms of both correct responses and response time) between the control position and the further transfer position (4.5 degrees shift). This ...
Slide 1 - Elsevier Store
... FIGURE 46.3 Regions in human brain activated by attention and regions associated with neglect. (A) Visual stimulation did not activate the frontal or parietal cortex reliably when attention was directed elsewhere in the visual field. (B) When the subject directed attention to a peripheral target lo ...
... FIGURE 46.3 Regions in human brain activated by attention and regions associated with neglect. (A) Visual stimulation did not activate the frontal or parietal cortex reliably when attention was directed elsewhere in the visual field. (B) When the subject directed attention to a peripheral target lo ...
Perception
""Percept"", ""perceptual"", ""perceptible"" and ""imperceptible"" redirect here. For the Brian Blade album, see Perceptual (album). For the perceptibility of digital watermarks, see Digital watermarking#Perceptibility. For other uses, see Perception (disambiguation) and Percept (disambiguation).Perception (from the Latin perceptio, percipio) is the organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory information in order to represent and understand the environment. All perception involves signals in the nervous system, which in turn result from physical or chemical stimulation of the sense organs. For example, vision involves light striking the retina of the eye, smell is mediated by odor molecules, and hearing involves pressure waves. Perception is not the passive receipt of these signals, but is shaped by learning, memory, expectation, and attention.Perception can be split into two processes Firstly processing sensory input which transforms these low-level information to higher-level information (e.g., extracts shapes for object recognition). Secondly processing which is connected with person's concept and expectations (knowledge), and selective mechanisms (attention) that influence perception.Perception depends on complex functions of the nervous system, but subjectively seems mostly effortless because this processing happens outside conscious awareness.Since the rise of experimental psychology in the 19th Century, psychology's understanding of perception has progressed by combining a variety of techniques. Psychophysics quantitatively describes the relationships between the physical qualities of the sensory input and perception. Sensory neuroscience studies the brain mechanisms underlying perception. Perceptual systems can also be studied computationally, in terms of the information they process. Perceptual issues in philosophy include the extent to which sensory qualities such as sound, smell or color exist in objective reality rather than in the mind of the perceiver.Although the senses were traditionally viewed as passive receptors, the study of illusions and ambiguous images has demonstrated that the brain's perceptual systems actively and pre-consciously attempt to make sense of their input. There is still active debate about the extent to which perception is an active process of hypothesis testing, analogous to science, or whether realistic sensory information is rich enough to make this process unnecessary.The perceptual systems of the brain enable individuals to see the world around them as stable, even though the sensory information is typically incomplete and rapidly varying. Human and animal brains are structured in a modular way, with different areas processing different kinds of sensory information. Some of these modules take the form of sensory maps, mapping some aspect of the world across part of the brain's surface. These different modules are interconnected and influence each other. For instance, taste is strongly influenced by smell.