Tanager - Cornell Lab of Ornithology
... forest patch, how isolated the patch is from other forests, how much forest remains in the surrounding landscape, the land-use matrix, and how much edge habitat exists nearby. Most of these characteristics are interrelated, so it’s difficult to change one without affecting another. It is important t ...
... forest patch, how isolated the patch is from other forests, how much forest remains in the surrounding landscape, the land-use matrix, and how much edge habitat exists nearby. Most of these characteristics are interrelated, so it’s difficult to change one without affecting another. It is important t ...
natural habitats
... In addition to being representative of native tree associations and the presence of many locally uncommon species, these large forest blocks are notable for their condition and structure. Areas that are relatively inaccessible have suffered minimal damage from overuse. Much of the original soil is t ...
... In addition to being representative of native tree associations and the presence of many locally uncommon species, these large forest blocks are notable for their condition and structure. Areas that are relatively inaccessible have suffered minimal damage from overuse. Much of the original soil is t ...
How do we grow trees with today`s deer populations?
... Bayfield peninsula. They found reductions of many species at sites with higher deer densities, including: mountain maple (Acer spicatum) and sugar maple (Acer saccharum), yellow birch (Betula allegheniensis), mountain ash (Sorbus decora), and Canada yew (Taxus canadensis) (r2 = .91 !). Note that the ...
... Bayfield peninsula. They found reductions of many species at sites with higher deer densities, including: mountain maple (Acer spicatum) and sugar maple (Acer saccharum), yellow birch (Betula allegheniensis), mountain ash (Sorbus decora), and Canada yew (Taxus canadensis) (r2 = .91 !). Note that the ...
The population dynamics of the mangrove Avicennia marina
... non-linear component to the model can be introduced so that the transition probabilities decrease as populations become crowded and the canopy closes (Fig. 8). It should be noted that this non-linear projection is stochastic, but for clear presentation of the mean trend the error terms have been exc ...
... non-linear component to the model can be introduced so that the transition probabilities decrease as populations become crowded and the canopy closes (Fig. 8). It should be noted that this non-linear projection is stochastic, but for clear presentation of the mean trend the error terms have been exc ...
Appendix 1
... collected during an outbreak of some herbivore species were excluded); 2) The losses to insect feeding were not combined with losses to fungal damage or to other damaging agents; 3) The losses of plant foliage, in terms of the percentage of leaf area or leaf biomass, consumed (or modified, as in the ...
... collected during an outbreak of some herbivore species were excluded); 2) The losses to insect feeding were not combined with losses to fungal damage or to other damaging agents; 3) The losses of plant foliage, in terms of the percentage of leaf area or leaf biomass, consumed (or modified, as in the ...
Ecosystem Decay of Amazonian Forest Fragments: a 22
... edge effects in fragmented rainforests, effects that alter physical gradients, species distributions, and many ecological and ecosystem processes (Fig. 3). Microclimatic changes near edges, such as reduced humidity, increased light, and greater temperature variability, penetrate up to 60 m into frag ...
... edge effects in fragmented rainforests, effects that alter physical gradients, species distributions, and many ecological and ecosystem processes (Fig. 3). Microclimatic changes near edges, such as reduced humidity, increased light, and greater temperature variability, penetrate up to 60 m into frag ...
Not seeing the ocean for the islands
... are not independent. Isolation, for example, tends to be a function of area in that the two change simultaneously (albeit non-linearly) for a given landscape (i.e. there is no isolation in real landscapes without a simultaneous loss of area; Andrén, 1999; Fahrig, 2003). When isolation is low, the re ...
... are not independent. Isolation, for example, tends to be a function of area in that the two change simultaneously (albeit non-linearly) for a given landscape (i.e. there is no isolation in real landscapes without a simultaneous loss of area; Andrén, 1999; Fahrig, 2003). When isolation is low, the re ...
Biogeography - National Open University of Nigeria
... (Example is the Northern boreal forest which required periodic fire to reverse selfimposer climatic a soil condition inimical to the germination of their sun seed and create light conditions necessary for rapid seedling growth) Man, through his various activities often disturb natural ecosystems. In ...
... (Example is the Northern boreal forest which required periodic fire to reverse selfimposer climatic a soil condition inimical to the germination of their sun seed and create light conditions necessary for rapid seedling growth) Man, through his various activities often disturb natural ecosystems. In ...
Forest Impacts and Ecosystem Effects of the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid... Southeastern Naturalist
... forests dominated by Eastern Hemlock. The only estimate of the relative abundance of Red Efts comes from an oak-pine woodland located 800 m from a breeding pond in central Massachusetts where the density of Red Efts was 0.03 individuals/m2 (Healy 1975). Red Efts do not appear to be affected by low s ...
... forests dominated by Eastern Hemlock. The only estimate of the relative abundance of Red Efts comes from an oak-pine woodland located 800 m from a breeding pond in central Massachusetts where the density of Red Efts was 0.03 individuals/m2 (Healy 1975). Red Efts do not appear to be affected by low s ...
Wildlife in Managed Forests — Oregon Forests as
... significant natural areas. The Oregon Endangered Species law has provisions that protect native vertebrates and plants. In 2006, the state adopted a policy framework called the Oregon Conservation Strategy that is intended to “create a broad vision and conceptual framework for long-term conservation ...
... significant natural areas. The Oregon Endangered Species law has provisions that protect native vertebrates and plants. In 2006, the state adopted a policy framework called the Oregon Conservation Strategy that is intended to “create a broad vision and conceptual framework for long-term conservation ...
Kelp Forest
... Multiple kelp species often co-exist within a forest; the term understory canopy refers to the stipitate and prostrate kelps. For example, a Macrocystis canopy may extend many meters above the seafloor towards the ocean surface, while an understory of the kelps Eisenia and Pterygophora reaches upwa ...
... Multiple kelp species often co-exist within a forest; the term understory canopy refers to the stipitate and prostrate kelps. For example, a Macrocystis canopy may extend many meters above the seafloor towards the ocean surface, while an understory of the kelps Eisenia and Pterygophora reaches upwa ...
Orangutans of Indonesia - Southeast Asia Program
... (50 to 90 kilograms) and are about 3.5 feet tall (100 centimeters). Female orangutans are half the size of males, weighing 66 to 110 pounds (30 to 50 kilograms) and are about 30 inches (76 centimeters) tall. Even though male orangutans are only about 3.5 feet tall, they have arms twice that length! ...
... (50 to 90 kilograms) and are about 3.5 feet tall (100 centimeters). Female orangutans are half the size of males, weighing 66 to 110 pounds (30 to 50 kilograms) and are about 30 inches (76 centimeters) tall. Even though male orangutans are only about 3.5 feet tall, they have arms twice that length! ...
Progress in Physical Geography
... rates of angiosperm diversification in the tropics. Diversification is not only present at the species level but also at higher taxonomic levels such as the family and genus (Chown and Gaston, 2000). This lends credence to a long time-frame of evolutionary change. Primitive tree species that are com ...
... rates of angiosperm diversification in the tropics. Diversification is not only present at the species level but also at higher taxonomic levels such as the family and genus (Chown and Gaston, 2000). This lends credence to a long time-frame of evolutionary change. Primitive tree species that are com ...
A taxonomic and ecologic study of the riverbottom forest on St. Mary
... conducive to convection. The heaviest precipitation results from the lifting of extensive masses of moist air moving northward from the Gulf of Mexico and adjoining regions. Droughts are usually associated with abnormally low pressure in the Northwest Territories, which produces only a weak southwar ...
... conducive to convection. The heaviest precipitation results from the lifting of extensive masses of moist air moving northward from the Gulf of Mexico and adjoining regions. Droughts are usually associated with abnormally low pressure in the Northwest Territories, which produces only a weak southwar ...
Status, Basic Ecology and Conservation of Capercaillie
... fence collisions, and inclement weather at crucial times of the year. Basic ecology and conservation biology Adult capercaillie are almost entirely herbivorous and spend the winter feeding on needles in conifer trees. In mild winter weather, which is increasing, they will take some blaeberry (Vaccin ...
... fence collisions, and inclement weather at crucial times of the year. Basic ecology and conservation biology Adult capercaillie are almost entirely herbivorous and spend the winter feeding on needles in conifer trees. In mild winter weather, which is increasing, they will take some blaeberry (Vaccin ...
Untitled - Vermont Fish and Wildlife
... and this excludes many areas of the landscape from being considered natural communities and from consideration in this book. Although many early-successional forests and fields are not considered natural communities by this strict definition, they may still be very important habitat for some plants ...
... and this excludes many areas of the landscape from being considered natural communities and from consideration in this book. Although many early-successional forests and fields are not considered natural communities by this strict definition, they may still be very important habitat for some plants ...
Andrew D. Barnes , Rowan M. Emberson , Hazel M. Chapman
... The effects of anthropogenically created edges on dung beetle community structure has, thus far, not been investigated across a continuous edge gradient. This presents an important gap in our knowledge of the potential effects of surrounding land use on the intensification of edge A effects and ...
... The effects of anthropogenically created edges on dung beetle community structure has, thus far, not been investigated across a continuous edge gradient. This presents an important gap in our knowledge of the potential effects of surrounding land use on the intensification of edge A effects and ...
Comparative recruitment patterns of two non-pioneer
... dichotomy between pioneer and non-pioneer groups of recruitment patterns (sensu Swaine and Whitmore 1988), the continuous unimodal distribution of seed mass in the Amazonian rainforest of Peru (Foster and Janson 1985) may support the hypothesis of a continuum of recruitment patterns (Schulz 1960; Ba ...
... dichotomy between pioneer and non-pioneer groups of recruitment patterns (sensu Swaine and Whitmore 1988), the continuous unimodal distribution of seed mass in the Amazonian rainforest of Peru (Foster and Janson 1985) may support the hypothesis of a continuum of recruitment patterns (Schulz 1960; Ba ...
Focus on NH Forests - NH Project Learning Tree
... for the British naval fleet. Familiar remnants of this history are today’s “Mast Roads,” found in towns throughout New Hampshire. These straight roads were the original roads for hauling harvested mast trees to the sea ports. (Today eastern white pine is used for construction and ...
... for the British naval fleet. Familiar remnants of this history are today’s “Mast Roads,” found in towns throughout New Hampshire. These straight roads were the original roads for hauling harvested mast trees to the sea ports. (Today eastern white pine is used for construction and ...
SUCCESSION, PHENOMENON OF
... The Clementsian succession paradigm had a pronounced effect on ecology in the United States in the first half of the twentieth century (much less so in Europe), and it shaped many of the laws and policies on the use of public lands. Earlier ecologists developed some of these ideas, and others evolved ...
... The Clementsian succession paradigm had a pronounced effect on ecology in the United States in the first half of the twentieth century (much less so in Europe), and it shaped many of the laws and policies on the use of public lands. Earlier ecologists developed some of these ideas, and others evolved ...
Primate conservation in the new millennium
... had fewer infants and individual animals weighed less.31,40 Evidence also suggests that these forests are not regenerating at the expected rate.41 Even if logged areas are left to regenerate in the complete absence of agricultural encroachment and hunting, some primate populations will be much reduc ...
... had fewer infants and individual animals weighed less.31,40 Evidence also suggests that these forests are not regenerating at the expected rate.41 Even if logged areas are left to regenerate in the complete absence of agricultural encroachment and hunting, some primate populations will be much reduc ...
Functional Diversity of Small and Large Trees along Secondary
... change of structural and functional traits during secondary succession in TDF, only few have measured some of the environmental gradients involved [11–13]. In particular, soil water availability [11] and air temperature [14] have been described among the main filters limiting plant establishment and ...
... change of structural and functional traits during secondary succession in TDF, only few have measured some of the environmental gradients involved [11–13]. In particular, soil water availability [11] and air temperature [14] have been described among the main filters limiting plant establishment and ...
Biome - Effingham County Schools
... Today’s Schedule: Bellringer: The tropical rainforest contains ______% of the world’s plant & animal species. Turn in Unit 4 Vocab Complete Forest Biomes Bubble Map Flyer for Easy Ways for Teens to Go Green ...
... Today’s Schedule: Bellringer: The tropical rainforest contains ______% of the world’s plant & animal species. Turn in Unit 4 Vocab Complete Forest Biomes Bubble Map Flyer for Easy Ways for Teens to Go Green ...
Earthworm invasion into previously earthworm-free temperate and boreal forests
... part of the detritivore community, consuming leaf litter and increasing rates of decomposition. Although it is well known that detritivores and decomposers are necessary for recycling of carbon and nutrients, seldom do scientists have the chance to observe how a major change in the detritivore commu ...
... part of the detritivore community, consuming leaf litter and increasing rates of decomposition. Although it is well known that detritivores and decomposers are necessary for recycling of carbon and nutrients, seldom do scientists have the chance to observe how a major change in the detritivore commu ...
Ecosystem management and the conservation of caribou habitat in
... and stand structure of the forest (Hunter, 1990). In natural forests, those factors were determined primarily by the frequency, scale and characteristics of natural disturbances such as fires, insects and disease. Thus, the Biodiversity Guidebook uses natural disturbance regimes as a model for fores ...
... and stand structure of the forest (Hunter, 1990). In natural forests, those factors were determined primarily by the frequency, scale and characteristics of natural disturbances such as fires, insects and disease. Thus, the Biodiversity Guidebook uses natural disturbance regimes as a model for fores ...
Old-growth forest
An old-growth forest (also termed primary forest, virgin forest, primeval forest, late seral forest, or in Britain, ancient woodland) is a forest that has attained great age without significant disturbance and thereby exhibits unique ecological features and might be classified as a climax community. Old-growth features include diverse tree-related structures that provide diverse wildlife habitat that increases the bio-diversity of the forested ecosystem. The concept of diverse tree structure includes multi-layered canopies and canopy gaps, greatly varying tree heights and diameters, and diverse tree species and classes and sizes of woody debris.Old-growth forests are economically valuable, and logging of these forests has been a point of contention between the logging industry and environmentalists.