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Biochemistry I, Spring Term 2003 - Second Exam:
Biochemistry I, Spring Term 2003 - Second Exam:

... a) Enzymes are usually proteins that function as catalysts. b) Enzymes are usually specific. c) Enzymes may be used many times for a specific reaction. d) The active site of an enzyme remains rigid and does not change shape. 6. The nucleophile that is used in both serine proteases and HIV protease i ...
Developmental regulation of Medium Spiny Neuron dendritic
Developmental regulation of Medium Spiny Neuron dendritic

... Play a major role in motivation and addiction One of the first cell types affected Huntington's disease Aberrant function in Parkinson's Disease due to death of dopamine expressing neurons Many in vivo models for MSN plasticity ...
University of Groningen Sugar transport in
University of Groningen Sugar transport in

... or carbohydrate uptake transporter (CUT)-family, and the di/oligopeptide transport-, or Opp-family [22]. These two families differ not only in substrate specificity but also in the architecture of the transport complex. Members of the bacterial CUT-family are involved in the uptake of glycerol-phosp ...
Cyclic Voltammetry and the Detection of Neurotransmitters
Cyclic Voltammetry and the Detection of Neurotransmitters

... Detection of Dopamine in vivo ...
Handout 1 - Porterville College Home
Handout 1 - Porterville College Home

... 1. AKA: Synaptic junction; inter-neuron space C. Terminal end of an _________________ = ________________________ vesicle D. Nerve ___________________ reaches the vesicle  release ______________________ (into ______________ junction)  E. Nerve impulses must have a ________________________________ F ...
Specialized Neurotransmitters Dopamine
Specialized Neurotransmitters Dopamine

... postsynaptic side. • 3. To prevent over stimulation of effectors. Constant stimulation causes neurotransmitter production to cease. In this way we get used to stimuli such as pain or noise. • 4. Certain chemicals can block the impulse. This is why doctors prescribe certain drugs for pain relief. ...
Neurotransmitter Parameter Definitions
Neurotransmitter Parameter Definitions

... Supplementing with taurine can have a specific effect on GABA function.There are two primary ways in which taurine affects GABA.; First, it can inhibit GABA transaminase, an enzyme that metabolizes GABA. This allows GABA to stay in the synaptic cleft longer to bind to the postsynaptic receptor. Seco ...
Antiparkinson Drugs
Antiparkinson Drugs

... • COMT will metabolize L-Dopa into 3Methoxy-4-Hydroxy-L-Phenylalanine (3-OMD)in the periphery • COMT also metabolizes Dopamine into Homovanillic acid in the brain • COMT inhibitors are somehow similar to that of Carbidopa, in a sense that COMT inhibitors inhibit the activity of COMT in the periphery ...
pO 2
pO 2

... of, relating to, undergoing, or being a change in the shape and activity of a protein (as an enzyme) that results from combination with another substance at a point other than the chemically active site ...
Sugar Transport in (Hyper-)Thermophilic Archaea
Sugar Transport in (Hyper-)Thermophilic Archaea

... binding cassette (ABC) transport, where the substrate is first bound by a binding protein bound to the cytoplasmic membrane or floating in the periplasmic space. The substrate is then transferred to the transporter domain in the membrane whereupon uptake can take place at the expense of ATP. Biochem ...
Jumpin` the Gap - Teach Genetics (Utah)
Jumpin` the Gap - Teach Genetics (Utah)

... neurotransmitters. Ecstasy mimics serotonin and is taken into the pre-synaptic cell by the uptake transporters. This interaction with ecstasy alters the transporter. The transporter becomes temporarily ‘confused’ and starts to do its job in reverse. The transporter starts transporting serotonin out ...
My Secret Role in True Happiness: A Story of a Neuron
My Secret Role in True Happiness: A Story of a Neuron

... to trigger a desire within Lucy to stop using drugs. Soon after the incident, Lucy stopped ingesting cocaine and the release of dopamine from my neighbor stopped. At first, I was elated that the constant overstimulation I had been feeling for years ceased. However, I soon began to feel an ache for t ...
Carbidopa (Lodosyn)*, the little helper in a big fight.
Carbidopa (Lodosyn)*, the little helper in a big fight.

... facing the large domain is compacted tightly against it. The small domain has a four-stranded antiparallel betasheet with three helices. The N-terminal domain (residues 75-77) of DDC contains two parallel helices which are linked by an extended strand. This domain covers the top of the second subuni ...
Circular Dichroism Spectrometry For the Analysis of Amphetamines
Circular Dichroism Spectrometry For the Analysis of Amphetamines

... enantiomers. Circular dichroism is a form of light absorption spectroscopy that measures the difference in absorbance of right- and leftcircularly polarized light (rather than the commonly used absorbance of isotropic light) by a substance. ...
Hemoglobin Lecture 2
Hemoglobin Lecture 2

... – Binding the first O2 makes it easier to bind the next, and so on – Dissociating the first O2 makes it easier to dissociate the next one » Why is Cooperativity good in Hb? • Y changes very rapidly with pO2 • Lung pO2 = 100torr, Muscle pO2 = 20 n = 1 then Ylung = 0.79, Ymuscle = 0.43 (0.36 delivered ...
Chemical Biology 03 BLOOD
Chemical Biology 03 BLOOD

... •Crystal structure is very complicated. ...
Chapter 4
Chapter 4

... a direct agonist. (See Figure 4.13.) • Apomorphine (ap o more feen) • a drug that blocks dopamine autoreceptors at low doses; at higher doses, blocks postsynaptic receptors as well ...
Ecstasy
Ecstasy

... Normal Function of the Neurotransmitter Serotonin… 1. Vesicles in the sending neuron are filled with the neurotransmitter called serotonin. Dopamine plays an important role in mood regulation, appetite and your senses. 2. There are 10 serotonin receptors on the receiving neuron that receive the sero ...
Biochemistry I, Spring Term 2001 - Second Exam answer key
Biochemistry I, Spring Term 2001 - Second Exam answer key

... ii) Briefly discuss transition state theory as it applies to the rate enhancement of enzymatic reactions. Provide one concrete example of how enzymes might affect the energy of the transition state. • Rate of reaction is proportional to the concentration of the transition state: • Enzymes lower the ...
Cocaine and Amphetamines (PDF Available)
Cocaine and Amphetamines (PDF Available)

... The euphoria associated with the amphetamines and cocaine appears to involve a brain transmitter chemically similar to norepinephrine but found in different groups of neurons. The transmitter is dopamine, and the neurons are located in the ventral tegmental area of the midbrain. These neurons send ax ...
File
File

... neurotransmitter. When dopamine is either elevated or low – we can have focus issues such as not remembering where we put our keys, forgetting what a paragraph said when we just finished reading it or simply daydreaming and not being able to stay on ...
DOPAMINE
DOPAMINE

... neurotransmitter. When dopamine is either elevated or low – we can have focus issues such as not remembering where we put our keys, forgetting what a paragraph said when we just finished reading it or simply daydreaming and not being able to stay on ...
Amitifadine - anita marie
Amitifadine - anita marie

... other potential drugs of the class, with the exception of possession of at least one aromatic and one heterocyclic ring (Fig.6).8 What seems to be more key to effective alleviation of depressive symptoms is the ratio in which the TRI/SNDRI compound inhibits each of the three monoamine transporters. ...
Differential effects of psychostimulants and related
Differential effects of psychostimulants and related

... dopamine can rapidly decrease dopamine transporter function, since drugs such as amphetamine and methamphetamine that cause large quantities of dopamine release ŽKuczenski et al., 1991; Stephans and Yamamoto, 1994; Melegra et al., 1995. caused the greatest decrease in transporter function. Furthermo ...
Synaptic vesicles really do kiss and run
Synaptic vesicles really do kiss and run

... structures at the surface of stimulated neurons2. Vesicular contents are released in concentration ratios that reflect their stored amounts3. Single-cell capacitance changes during exocytosis, indicating an increase in the cellular membrane area4. Finally, discrete packets of released chemicals can ...
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Vesicular monoamine transporter

The vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) is a transport protein integrated into the membrane of synaptic vesicles of presynaptic neurons. It acts to transport monoamine neurotransmitters – such as dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and histamine – into the vesicles, which release the neurotransmitters into synapses as chemical messages to postsynaptic neurons. VMATs utilize a proton gradient generated by V-ATPases in vesicle membranes to power monoamine import.Pharmaceutical drugs that target VMATs have possible applications for many conditions, leading to a plethora of biological research. These applications include drug addiction, psychiatric disorders, Parkinson's disease, and other neurological disorders. Many drugs that target VMAT act as inhibitors and alter the kinetics of the protein. Much research regarding the effects of altered VMATs on biological systems is still ongoing.
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